RESEARCH ON MEMBRANE BIOREACTOR TREATING DOMESTIC WASTEWATER AND RELATED MECHANISMS

Experiments on treatment of domestic wastewater by membrane bioreactors were carried out.The results showed that this process could produce good quality effluent with low COD,turbidity and total count of bacteria.With intermittent operation and continuous aeration,the membrane flux was kept steady.The mechanisms of removing COD through membrane,the structure of membrane and filtration resistance were also discussed.

人工降雨——用Fireworks制作下雨效果

又是一年春来到,大家都知道“春雨贵如油”的道理吧，朋友你那里下雨了吗，如果没有，就先让我们用自己勤劳的双手在电脑中营造出春雨霏霏的感觉吧！

电视机梦工厂——用PHotoshop制作电视机效果

Photoshop中工具的综合运用可以做出许多意想不到的效果，最近，家里买了一台电视机就仿照实物做了一个，读者也可以根据这个做出更好的效果。

热茶与小甜饼 Photoshop制作实例

最近老公很累，常常工作到深夜，很想在他的电脑边轻轻地放上一杯热茶和一些小甜饼。嗅，可惜他是在外地工怍……没法子，就做一张“热茶与小甜饼”的图片来表示我对他的关心吧!虽然它不能吃，但老公见到了一定会很开心，工作起来也一定会更有干劲的。

（∈γ, ∈γ Vqδ）-intuitionistic Fuzzy（Soft） Filter of BL-algebras

In the paper, in order to further study the properties of filters of BL-algebras, we propose the concepts of the （∈γ, ∈γ Vqδ）-intuitionistic fuzzy filters and （∈γ, ∈γ Vqδ）- intuitionistic fuzzy soft filters of BL-algebras and derive some related results. Finally, we discuss the properties of images and inverse images of （∈γ, ∈γ Vqδ）-intuitionistic fuzzy soft filters of BL-algebras.

Effect of purification treatment on properties of Mg-Gd-Y-Zr alloy

Mg-Gd-Y-Zr alloy was purified by the method of filtering purification. The type, morphology, size distribution and volume fraction of inclusions in the alloy were analyzed using optical microscope and scanning electron microscope, and the effects of the inclusions on the mechanical and corrosion properties of the alloy were investigated. The results indicate that the filtering purification method is effective to remove inclusions in the alloy. By the filtering purification method, the average size of inclusions in the alloy reduces from 12.7 μm to 4.3 μm and the average volume fraction of inclusions in the alloy reduces from 0.26% to 0.06%. The ultimate tensile strength, yield strength and elongation of the alloy are improved from 200 MPa, 156 MPa and 3.4% to 232 MPa, 167 MPa and 7.0%, respectively. The corrosion rate of the alloy decreases dramatically from 38.8g/（mLd） to 2.5 g/（mZ.d） in the salt spray test.

Experimental Investigation of Dust Deposit within Ceramic Filter Medium during Filtration-Cleaning Cycles

The penetration and deposit of particles within the medium is thought to be one reason that the residual pressure drop of the rigid ceramic filter increase with cycle number.In this study,the change in the microstructure of a single layer ceramic filter candle during filtration-cleaning cycle was observed by scanning electron microscope(SEM) and the resistance property of the filter was monitored accordingly.The experimental results show that there exists a serious dust deposit within the filter medium,especially at the surface region.This should be responsible for the decrease of the filter permeability.The deposit law of dust in the filter medium during filtration-cleaning cycle was then studied by measuring the deposit depth,the deposit amount,the particles distribution within the medium,the size distribution of deposited particles,and so on.Particles migration and fine particles penetration were found to be the main reasons,for which dust deposit within the filter medium became aggravated with cycle number.Based on a differential form of Ergun equation,an expression for the pressure drop of a used ceramic filter was developed with a good agreement with experimental results.Then,the effect of dust deposit on the residual pressure drop was studied at the different face velocities and dust sizes.It was found that face velocity and dust size significantly influence dust deposit within filter medium,and then the operation performance of the filter.

Hyperphosphatemia after sodium phosphate laxatives in low risk patients:Prospective study

AIM:To establish the frequency of hyperphosphate-mia following the administration of sodium phosphate laxatives in low-risk patients. METHODS:One hundred consecutive ASAⅠ-Ⅱindividuals aged 35-74 years,who were undergoing colonic cleansing with oral sodium phosphate(OSP) before colonoscopy were recruited for this prospective study.Exclusion criteria:congestive heart failure, chronic kidney disease,diabetes,liver cirrhosis,intestinal obstruction,decreased bowel motility,increased bowel permeability,and hyperparathyroidism.The day before colonoscopy,all the participants entered a 24-h period of diet that consisted of 4 L of clear fluids with sugar or honey and 90 mL(60 g)of OSP in two 45-mL doses,5 h apart.Serum phosphate was measured before and after the administration of the laxative. RESULTS:The main demographic data(mean±SD) were:age,58.9±8.4 years;height,163.8±8.6 cm; weight,71±13 kg;body mass index,26±4;women, 66%.Serum phosphate increased from 3.74±0.56 to 5.58±1.1 mg/dL,which surpassed the normal value (2.5-4.5 mg/dL)in 87%of the patients.The highest serum phosphate was 9.6 mg/dL.Urea and creatinine remained within normal limits.Post-treatment OSP se-rum phosphate concentration correlated inversely with glomerular filtration rate(P<0.007,R 2=0.0755),total body water(P<0.001,R 2=0.156)and weight(P< 0.013,R 2=0.0635). CONCLUSION:In low-risk,well-hydrated patients, the standard dose of OSP-laxative-induced hyperphos-phatemia is related to body weight.

Motion cue based pedestrian detection with two-frame-filtering

This study proposes a motion cue based pedestrian detection method with two-trame-filtering （Tff） for video surveillance. The novel motion cue is exploited by the gray value variation between two frames. Then Tff processing filters the gradient magnitude image by the variation map. Summa- tions of the Tff gradient magnitudes in cells are applied to train a pre-deteetor to exclude most of the background regions. Histogram of Tff oriented gradient （HTffOG） feature is proposed for pedestrian detection. Experimental results show that this method is effective and suitable for real-time surveil- lance applications.

Edge Pattern Based Demosaicking Algorithm of Color Filter Array

An efficient adaptive approximation demosaicking algorithm based on the sampled edge pattern was presented for mosaic images from Bayer color filter array. The proposed algorithm determined edge patterns by four nearest green values surrounding the green interpolation location. Then according to the edge patterns, different adaptive interpolation steps were applied. Simulations on 12 Kodak photos and 15 IMAX high-quality images showed that the proposed method outperformed the other four demosaicking methods (bilinear, effective color interpolation, Lu's method and Chen's method) for average color peak signal to noise ratios and maintained a relatively low complexity owing to constant color-difference interpolation step and a reasonable terminating condition of iteration.

Study of the imaging property of a fluorescent confocal microscopy with a phase-only filter in an extended source

The phase information of an enlarged source is reconstructed with an annular two-zone phase-only filter in a fluorescent confocal scanning optical microscope for resolution improvement. The dependences of its resolution on the source size and on the phase transmission of the outer annular zone of the falter are investigated theoretically by use of its three-dimensional optical transfer function （3D OTF ）. The increased source size and the required phase value of the outer annular zone of the phase-only falter for an optimal 3D OTF of the optical system are presented.

Coherent confocal microscope with a phase-only filter in its extended source

The phase information of an extended source is reconstructed by use of a two-zone （annular） phaseonly filter in a coherent confocel scanning optical microscope. The dependence of its resolution on its source size is investigated theoretically by its three-dimensional optical transfer function （3D OTF）. The results show that the resolution is improved, even though the source size is enlarged.

日出日落自己做

对于日出和日落，很多人都很向往，下面我们就开始自己动手做日出和日落吧!

A Zernike-moment-based non-local denoising filter for cryo-EM images

Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) plays an important role in determining the structure of proteins, viruses, and even the whole cell. It can capture dynamic structural changes of large protein complexes, which other methods such as X-ray crystallography and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis find difficult. The signal-to-noise ratio of cryo-EM images is low and the contrast is very weak, and therefore, the images are very noisy and require filtering. In this paper, a filtering method based on non-local means and Zernike moments is proposed. The method takes into account the rotational symmetry of some biological molecules to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio of cryo-EM images. The method may be useful in cryo-EM image processing such as the automatic selection of particles, orientation determination, and the building of initial models.

Mapping carbon distribution in 35SiMn steel by energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy

In this study,the three-windows method,the jump-ratio method and the R-map method in energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy(EFTEM) have been applied to mapping carbon distribution in 35SiMn steel after a quenching-partitioning treatment.The carbon contamination is successfully suppressed by using EFTEM and plasma-cleaning TEM samples.Compared to the three-windows method and the jump-ratio method,the R-map method provides carbon distribution with less noises,and is insensitive to changes in sample thickness.We have demonstrated that the R-map method is a better way for carbon mapping in middle-carbon steel without the influence of carbon contamination.