生活课程“潜”资源的开发与利用

本文针对课程建构'潜'资源的开发与利用,提出应从生活资源的提取、生长、落脚三个角度出发,有效地提取潜在资源,生成有意义的教育活动,对'潜'资源进行价值判断、脉络梳理、生活内在指引的尝试。

Assessing the Precipitation Enhancement Development Potential in 2013 Using the CWRPEP Method in Liaoning Province

Objective] The research aimed to assess the development potential of ar-tificial precipitation in Liaoning Province. [Method] The evaluation method of cloud water resource for precipitation enhancement potential was used. [Result] The annu-al total precipitation enhancement potential by cloud water resource in the air in 2013 was 1.23 bil ion tons in Liaoning, and cloud water resource for precipitation enhancement was 1.63 bil ion tons. [Conclusion] The spatial and temporal distribution for development potential of cloud water resource in the air was very uneven in Liaoning Province, and the mainly period was during spring and autumn. It wil be received obvious effect in the two seasons. In order to compensate for the restric-tion of the operational capability lack on cloud water resource development, we need to continue to improve the operation capacity building.

Optimal dispatching method of traffic incident rescue resource for freeway network

An optimal resource dispatching method is proposed to solve the multiple-response problem under the conditions of potential incidents on freeway networks.Travel time of the response vehicle is selected instead of route distance as the weight to reflect the impact of traffic conditions on the decisions of rescue resources.According to the characteristics of different types of rescue vehicles the dispatching decision-making time is revised to show the heterogeneity among different rescue vehicle dispatching modes. The genetic algorithm is used to obtain the solutions to the rescue resources dispatching model. A case study shows that the proposed method can accurately reveal the impact of potential incidents on the costs of rescues according to the variations in the types and quantities of rescue resources and the optimal dispatching plan with respect to potential incidents can be obtained.The proposed method is applicable in real world scenarios.

Analysis on Development Potential of Agricultural Resources of Farming System in Shandong Province

Based on the characteristics of agricultural resources and social resources in Shandong Province, the approaches of developing farming system potential were discussed, which provide important references for sustainable development of modern farming system.

Basin structure and multiresource potential based on high-precision airborne gravity and magnetic data

In this paper,we use high-precision airborne gravity and magnetic data to study the geophysical characteristics of the western slope of the Songliao Basin and its adjacent areas and evaluate the resource potential.We performed an in-depth analysis of three aspects of the basin characteristics:the characteristics of residual strata,the development characteristics of faults,and the distribution characteristics of magmatic rocks.Next,we analyzed the forming background of organic(oil and gas)resources and inorganic(uranium ore and hot dry rock)resources.The results showed that the new Upper Paleozoic strata have significant differences in different regions of the study area(with a thickness of 0–8000 m),mainly distributed in the eastern and northern regions but absent in the middle eastern and western regions.Furthermore,the thickness and depth of the Mesozoic layer varied between the eastern and western regions;it was thicker and deeper in the middle eastern region but thinner and shallower in the western region,and it is absent in most western regions.The main faults in the region are in the north–northeast(NNE)direction.Faults in the NE–NNE and NW directions jointly controlled the morphology of the secondary structural units.Magmatic rocks are relatively developed in the middle and eastern parts of the region.Most magmatic rocks are distributed along the faults and their sides,clearly reflecting the control of the faults on magmatic activities.The western slope of the Songliao basin and its surroundings have a favorable geological setting for the accumulation(mineralization)of oil,gas,shale oil,hot dry rock,and uranium ore.It is conducive to oil and gas exploration of deep new strata and collaborative exploration of multiple resources.

Manganese potential mapping in western Guangxi-southeastern Yunnan(China) via spatial analysis and modal-adaptive prospectivity modeling

While the region of western Guangxi-southeastern Yunan, China, is known and considered prospective for manganese deposits, carrying out prospectivity mapping in this region is challenging due to the diversity of geological factors, the complexity of geological process and the asymmetry of geo-information. In this work, the manganese potential mapping for further exploration targeting is implemented via spatial analysis and modal-adaptive prospectivity modeling. On the basis of targeting criteria developed by the mineral system approach, the spatial analysis is leveraged to extract the predictor variables to identify features of the geological process. Specifically, a metallogenic field analysis approach is proposed to extract metallogenic information that quantifies the regional impacts of the synsedimentary faults and sedimentary basins. In the integration of the extracted predictor variables, a modal-adaptive prospectivity model is built, which allows to adapt different data availability and geological process. The resulting prospective areas of high potential not only correspond to the areas of known manganese deposits but also provide a number of favorable targets in the region for future mineral exploration.

Effect of Cropland Occupation and Supplement on Light-temperature Potential Productivity in China from 2000 to 2008

There are more people but less land in China,so food safety has always been a most important issue government concerned.With continuous population increase,economic development and environment protection,cropland occupation and supplement are unavoidable.It not only leads to the variation of cropland area,but also makes the light-temperature potential productivity per unit area different due to regional climate differentiation,therefore impacts the total potential productivity and food output eventually.So,it is necessary to analyze the climate differentiation between occupation and supplement cropland areas and to study its impact on total potential productivity,which is significant to reasonably develop natural resources and instruct agricultural arrangement.This study firstly discussed the variation and distribution of occupation and supplement croplands in China from 2000 to 2008,then analyzed the climate differentiation between occupation and supplement cropland areas and its effect on light-temperature potential productivity.The results demonstrate:1) From 2000 to 2008,the cropland variation presented occupation in the south and supplement in the north,but overall decreased.Supplement cropland was mainly from ecological reclamation(77.78%) and was mainly distributed in Northeast China and Northwest China with poor climatic and natural conditions.Occupation cropland was mainly used for construction(52.88%) and ecological restoration(44.78%) purposes,and was mainly distributed in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain,and the middle and lower reaches of the Changjiang(Yangtze) River with better climatic and natural conditions.2) The climate conditions were quite different in supplement and occupation cropland areas.The annual precipitation,annual accumulated temperature and average annual temperature were lower in the supplement cropland area,and its average po-tential productivity per unit was only 62% of occupation cropland area,which was the main reason for the decrease of total potential productivity.3) Cropland occupation and supplement led to the variation of total potential productivity and its spatial distribution.The productivity decreased in the south and increased in the north,but had a net loss of 4.38315×107 t in the whole country.The increase of cropland area was at the cost of reclaiming natural forest and grassland resources,and destroying natural ecological environment,while the decrease of cropland area was mainly due to a lot of cropland occupied by urban-rural construction,which threatened the sustainable use of cropland resources.

Gold Resources Potential Assessment in Eastern Kunlun Mountains of China Combining Weights-of-evidence Model with GIS Spatial Analysis Technique

Resources potential assessment is one of the fields in geosciences,which is able to take great advantage of GIS technology as a substitution of traditional working methods.The gold resources potential in the eastern Kunlun Mountains,Qinghai Province,China was assessed by combining weights-of-evidence model with GIS spatial analysis technique.All the data sets used in this paper were derived from an established multi-source geological spatial database,which contains geological,geophysical,geochemical and remote sensing data.Three multi-class variables,i.e.,structural intersection,Indosinian k-feldspar granite and regional fault,were used in proximity analysis to examine their spatial association with known gold deposits.A prospectivity map was produced by weights-of-evidence model based on seven binary evidential maps,all of which had passed a conditional independence test.The study area was divided into three target zones of high potential,moderate potential and low potential areas,among which high potential areas and moderate potential areas accounted for 20% of the total area and contained 32 of the 43 gold deposits.The results show that the gold resources potential assessment in the eastern Kunlun Mountains has a higher precision.

Study on Soil Gleization in Subtropic Region of China Using LBV Transformed Landsat Images

This paper describes a new type of transformed Landsat images (LBV images) and their application in discriminating soil gleization in subtropic region of China. LBV transformation was worked out by the present author for extracting useful information from original landsat images. Using this method three black and white images, L image, B image and V image, were computer generated from original bands of a Landsat scene, which covers a.large area of 34 528 km2 in Hubei and Hunan provinces in south China. Then a color composite was produced by these three images. This kind of black-and-white and color images contained rich and definite geographic information. By a field work, the relationship between the colors on the composite and the land use/cover categories on the ground was established. 37 composite colors and 70 ground feature categories can be discriminated altogether. Finally, 17 land use/cover categories and 10 subregions suffering from soil gleization were determined, and the gleization area for the study area was estimated to be 731.3 km2.

RESEARCH ON THE POPULATION CARRYING CAPACITY OF THE LAND RESOURCES IN THE ECONOMIC AREA OF ZHUJIANG DELTA

The authors once made a preliminary research on population carrying capacity of the land in the Economic Area of Zhujiang Delta (EAZD for short) in 1995, and reckoned that the ultimate population in this region will be 23 550 thousand by year of 2000. While the population in being in EAZD was 22.62 million in 1999.This accords with the prefigured result in the rough from the point of view of development. According to the data of plow land resources from the 2000 Statistical Yearbook of EAZD and the study on the population-foodstuff-plow land relationship, this paper calculates the productive potential of plow land and the population carrying capacity of land by year of 2010, and puts forward the countermeasures for improving the population carrying capacity of land in this region.

Effect of Temporal Resolution of NDVI on Potential Evapotranspiration Estimation and Hydrological Model Performance

Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data, obtained from remote sensing information, are essential in the Shuttleworth-Wallace (S-W) model for estimation of evapotranspiration. In order to study the effect of temporal resolution of NDVI on potential evapotranspiration (PET) estimation and hydrological model performance, monthly and 10-day NDVI data set were used to estimate potential evapotranspiration from January 1985 to December 1987 in Huangnizhuang catchment, Anhui Province, China. The differences of the two calculation results were analyzed and used to drive the block-wise use of the TOPMODEL with the Muskingum-Cunge routing (BTOPMC) model to test the effect on model performance. The results show that both annual and monthly PETs estimated by 10-day NDVI are lower than those estimated by monthly NDVI. Annual PET from the vegetation root zone (PETr) lowers 9.77%-13.64% and monthly PETr lowers 3.28%-17.44% in the whole basin. PET from the vegetation interception (PETi) shows the same trend as PETr. In addition, temporal resolution of NDVI has more effect on PETr in summer and on PETi in winter. The correlation between PETr as estimated by 10-day NDVI and pan measurement (R2= 0.835) is better than that between monthly NDVI and pan measurement (R2 = 0.775). The two potential evapotranspiration estimates were used to drive the BTOPMC model and calibrate parameters, and model performance was found to be similar. In summary, the effect of temporal resolution of NDVI on potential evapotranspiration estimation is significant, but trivial on hydrological model performance.

Investigation of forest-resources potential of Selenge River Basin on transboundary territory of the Republic of Buryatia and Mongolia

The author studied the issues of the present-day status of forest resources and forest management of the Selenge River Basin on the transboundary territory of the Buryat Republic and Mongolia. It is necessary to establish a good policy for wood cutting of the main and secondary use and reforestation.

Development strategy of efficient bio-methane system by focused utilization of distributed biomass

Bio-methane,as a promising renewable green energy,the component and thermal value of which are very close to that of natural gas,indicates an enormous resource potential and could be employed as the alternative of fossil energy through the development of agro-industrial integration and efficient bio-methane system. Establishment of high efficient agro-industrial integrated bio-methane system is an important component of the renewable energy system and also a significant way of emission reduction.

Energy Productivity Potential Assessment of Saccharum spontaneum L. Germplasm Resources

[Objective]The energy productivity potential of Saccharum spontaneum L.germplasm resources as energy plants was discussed in this paper.[Method]The energy productivity potential of Saccharum spontaneum L.germplasm resources collected from the wild was assessed from the aspects of cellulose,semicellulose,lignin and crude ash contents and caloric value.[Result]The total content of cellulose and semicellulose ranged from 41.75%to 69.13%,the lignin content ranged from 2.16%to 11.75%,the crude ash content ranged from 4.79%to 9.34%and the caloric value ranged from 16.00 to 17.69 MJ/kg among the 30 Saccharum spontaneum L.germplasms.Compared to other plants,Saccharum spontaneum L.had higher contents of cellulose and semicellulose,a higher caloric value but lower contents of lignin and crude ash.[Conclusion]From the perspective of producing fuel ethanol with lignocellulose,Saccharum spontaneum L.has a great potential for development as an energy plant.

Immersible ergocycle prescription as a function of relative exercise intensity

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to establish the relationship between various expressions of relative exercise intensity percentage of maximal oxygen uptake(%VO_(2max)), percentage of maximal heart rate(%HR_(max)), %VO_2 reserve(%VO_2R), and %HR reserve(%HRR)) in order to obtain the more appropriate method for exercise intensity prescription when using an immersible ergocycle(IE) and to propose a prediction equation to estimate oxygen consumption(VO_2) based on IE pedaling rate(rpm) for an individualized exercise training prescription.Methods: Thirty-three healthy participants performed incremental exercise tests on IE and dryland ergocycle(DE) at equal external power output(Pext). Exercise on IE began at 40 rpm and was increased by 10 rpm until exhaustion. Exercise on DE began with an initial load of 25 W and increased by 25 W/min until exhaustion. VO_2 was measured with a portable gas analyzer(COSMED K4b^2) during both incremental tests. On IE and DE, %VO_2R, %HRmax, and %HRR at equal Pext did not differ(p > 0.05).Results: The %HRR vs. %VO_2R regression for both IE and DE did not differ from the identity line %VO_2R IE = 0.99 × HRR IE(%) + 0.01(r^2= 0.91, SEE = 11%); %VO_2R DE = 0.94 × HRR DE(%) + 0.01(r^2= 0.94, SEE = 8%). Similar mean values for %HRmax, %VO_2R, and %HRR at equal Pext were observed on IE and DE. Predicted VO_2 obtained according to rpm on IE is represented by: VO_2(L/min) = 0.000542 × rpm2-0.026 × rpm + 0.739(r = 0.91, SEE = 0.319 L/min).Conclusion: The %HRR–%VO_2R relationship appears to be the most accurate for exercise training prescription on IE. This study offers new tools to better prescribe, control, and individualize exercise intensity on IE.

Wind Resource Potential in the Caribbean Archipelago

Climate change threatens the sustainable development and survival of the small Caribbean island nations. The continual rise in the demand and cost of the earth＇s finite hydrocarbon energy reservoir drives these countries to examine the integration of renewable energy to reduce green house gas emissions whilst meeting their electrical energy demands. One possible renewable energy source is wind. Trinidad and Tobago, through its renewable energy policy, is seeking to reliably and economically integrate wind power with its conventional power generation sources. This paper assesses the adequacy of wind power generation at potential sites through the use of auto-regressive modeling and the use of Monte Carlo Simulation to evaluate the well-being indices for the combination of wind and conventional power generation. Two sites in the twin island Republic of Trinidad and Tobago were identified as case studies for the proposed methodology. Analysis of the results indicated that the methodology should be applied to sites with conditions encouraging economic feasibility of wind power generation.

Energy and Autohydrolysis By-Products from Industrial Crops

The world is experiencing a growing shortage of raw materials which is especially severe in the energy sector and being worsened by the unfavorable environmental impact of a consumerist cultttre revolving around the exploitation of non-renewable resources. In this work, the calorific value and chemical composition of liquors resulting from the autohydrolysis of six different lignocellulosic materials was determined （Eucalyptus globulus, Arundo donax, Leucaena diversifolia, Paulownia fortunei, Sunflower stalks and Chamaecytisus proliferus） and was assessed for the obtainment of energy, sugars and other chemical products by using of integral fractionation based on autohydrolysis. Autohydrolysis processes have been considered interesting in the case of timber species studied compared with herbaceous species with variations in the extraction of the xylan fraction at 180℃ between 19.68% for Eucalyptus globulus and 36.79% for Leucaena diversifolia and 200℃ between 57.86% for Paulawniafortunei and 79.13 % for Chamaecytisusproliferus. In general, all materials show a solid fraction ＂more energy＂ from the hydrolysis to 200℃ than 180℃ and raw materials. It is interesting as the potential economy valuation of the liquid fractions of the hydrolysis, the solid waste recovery present more energetic profitability.

面向可持续城市生态系统管理的资源环境承载力评价方法与实践应用——以烟台市为例

全面科学的资源环境承载力评价是国土空间规划编制的前提。面向可持续生态系统管理视角,提出了由"潜在"和"现实"资源环境承载力构成的资源环境承载力评价框架和理论模型,并以烟台为案例进行应用,分析了"潜在"和"现实"资源环境承载指数的相互关系。结果表明:(1)烟台市"潜在"资源环境承载指数总体偏高,"现实"资源环境承载指数总体中等,各区(县)空间差异较大。(2)水资源短缺与环境污染问题是未来影响烟台市可持续发展的瓶颈,资源环境禀赋的限制和经济发展对城市生态系统服务弱供给区域影响较大,对"潜在"资源环境承载指数的影响在城市边缘区域较大。(3)所提出的评价逻辑框架和理论模型应用效果良好,丰富和完善了资源环境承载力评价理论方法。