浅谈安瓿封口“焦头”问题的改进

水针剂药厂在生产灌装拉丝封口后，安瓿内壁粘有药物因拉丝时而烧焦出现的黑色斑点，我们称之为“焦头”。出现此种情况既损失了药液，又浪费了能源与材料，增加了生产成本，降低了成品率。通过实际生产，我们发现出现安瓿“焦头”的主要原因有：(1)灌针针头修磨不佳，极易产生针头挂液现象。

An optimal on-site calibration method in measurement system of dynamic envelope curve of high-speed vehicle

High-speed vehicle dynamic envelope curve is defined as the maximum limit outline affected by a variety of adverse factors while the train is running. Considering the difficulties in the current measurement system such as complicated calibration process,cumbersome aided-instruments,strict limitation of working distance, this paper carries out an optical method in which two high-speed cameras with variable-zoom lenses are adopted as binocular stereo sensors of measurement system and a high-ac-curacy 3D target with fast reconstruction is designed. The intrinsic parameters of the sensors and the relative positions between coordinate systems are solved by the method of colinearity constrained optimization algorithm. The calibration process is easy to operate and the device is also of portability. Most importantly, the severe working distance limitation between sensors and measured body is solved, enhancing the adaptability of measurement system to environment. Experimental results show that when the sensors are in the range of 8 -16 m away from the measured body, system accuracy can reach up to ±0. 5 mm, which meets the requirements to measure the dynamic envelope curve of high-speed vehicle.

In-vivo characterization of DALM in ulcerative colitis with high-resolution probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy

Recently,the use of confocal laser endomicroscopy(CLE) in the diagnosis of chronic ulcerative colitis(CUC) was reported.In this brief report we aimed to assess the application of probe-based CLE to characterize colonic mucosa and dysplasia in CUC.The study involved a patient presenting long-standing CUC.Confocal imaging of both the inflamed mucosa,a circumscribed lesion(dysplasiaassociated lesional mass),and adjacent colonic mucosa are demonstrated and the correlation between the CLE and histological images.Inflamed mucosa and dysplasia showed specific alteration of crypt architecture,cellular infiltration,and vessel architecture with an excellent correlation between CLE and standard histological examination.

Analysis of fiber lens with gradient index based on thin lensequivalence

Theoretical analysis of the fiber-lens TEC （Thermally Expended Core） /Coreless/GRIN （Graded-Index） based on thin lens equivalence Js presented in this paper, On condition that the TEC part adjusts the waist radius of an incident Gaussian beam,that the coreless part controlls the space between the beam waist and the thin lens, and that the GRIN part acts as the thin lens with its focal length determined by fiber index distribution parameter g, the analytic expressions of the waist spot size and the working distance of the output Gaussian beam are derived, and the influence of the coreless fiber and the length of the GRIN fiber upon the fiber-lens parameter is discussed based on the numerical simulation results. It is concluded that, if a GRIN style fiber-lens is used as a collimator, the maximum of the spot waist can be up to 80μm and the divergence angle of single-mode optical fiber can be reduced by 8 times. If it is applied to a MEMS device, the maximum working distance can be up to 3 mm.

Optimization of Blanching Time, Sodium Metabisulphite （Na2S205） Concentration and Processing Time on Vitamin C Content, Microbial Quality and Sensory Characteristics during Canning of Green Pepper （Capsicum sinensis） Using Response Surface Methodology

Response surface methodology and central composite rotatable design （CCRD） for K = 3 were used to investigate the combined effect of blanching time （0-1 min）, processing time （10-30 min） and sodium metabisulphite （Na2S205） salt concentration （0%-2%） on vitamin C content, hardness （texture）, microbial count and color intensity of green pepper （Capsicum sinensis） during canning. Blanching, processing time and sodium metabisulphite （Na2S205） salt concentration all had variable effects on the vitamin C, microbial quality and sensory characteristics of the canned green peppers. Significant （P 〈 0.05） interactions were noted between all the factors with high regression coefficients （78.7%-97.0%）. Increasing processing time caused significant decreases in vitamin C and microbial load of the product. However, salt concentration had only marginal and insignificant effect on the vitamin C content of the canned product. Sensory evaluation on the product showed that both the pre-processing conditions and of blanching and salt concentrations, and the processing time had varied effects on the color and hardness of the products. Hardness of the canned products generally decreased with increasing processing time and blanching time, while only minimal and insignificant effects were noted with blanching time. Increasing blanching time caused significant increasing retention of the dark green color of the peppers with only slight but insignificant increases noted with processing time, while increases in salt concentration consistently reduced the dark green color of the products. The optimum pre-processing and processing conditions that yielded products with high preference and consumer-acceptability were： blanching time of 0 min, processing time of 10 min and sodium metabisulphite concentration of 0.2%.

Clinical evaluation of Xiaoyao Jieyu prescription in the treatment of persistent postural-perceptual dizziness

Objective： The objective of this study is to evaluate the clinical efficacy of Xiaoyao Jieyu prescription （XJP） in the treatment of persistent postural-perceptual dizziness （PPPD）. Methods： A total of 33 PPPD patients were randomly divided into test group and control group. Two groups of patients were given psychological treatment. The test group was given XJP and the control group was given escitalopram. The course of treatment was 12 weeks. Before and after 4 weeks and 8 weeks and 12 weeks, the dizziness handicap inventory （DHI）, Hamilton anxiety scale （HAMA） and Hamilton Depression scale （HAMD） were used to evaluate the treatment effect. Results： The total scores of HAMA, HAMD, DHI and the respective factor scores of DHI significantly decreased in both groups after 4 weeks of treatment compared with those before the treatment （P 〈 0.01）. The DHI scores and the score of function, physiology at 8-week, 12-week, as well as the HAMA and HAMD scores at 4-week, 8-week, 12-week in the test group were significantly lower than those in the control group （P 〈 0.05）. The incidence of adverse reactions in the test group was significantly lower than the control group （P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion： XJP can improve the clinical symptoms of patients with PPPD. It can both improve the physical and functional symptoms of PPPD and reduce anxiety and depression. In the course of treatment, the adverse reaction of the prescription is less and mild. It has the advantages of high efficiency, safety, low price and easy access to materials.

Therapeutic Evaluation of Different Needling Methods for Tension-type Headache

Objective：To observe the clinical efficacy of acupuncture combined with medication for treatment of post-stroke depression （PSD）.Methods：A total of 60 patients with PSD in conformity with the inclusion criteria were randomly allocated into a treatment group and a control group,with 30 in each.Those in the treatment group were treated with electroacupuncture combined with medication,and those in the control group were treated with medication alone.Before and after treatment,the patients of the two groups were evaluated by means of function independent measure （FIM） and the World Health Organization quality of life-BREF （WHOQOL-BREF）.Results：After the treatments,the changes of FIM scores have statistical significant in both of the two groups （P0.01）;and the improvement in the treatment group was more remarkable than that in the control group （P0.01）.The differences in the scores in various indexes of WHOQOL-BREF in the patients of the two groups before and after treatments were both statistically significant （P0.01,P0.05）.And the change in the treatment group was more remarkable than that in the control group （P0.01,P0.05）.Conclusion：Electroacupuncture on Niesanzhen （three points on the bitemporal） as major treatment can improve activities of daily living and quality of life for patients with PSD.

Scalp acupuncture for sleep disorder induced by pre-examination anxiety in undergraduates

Objective： To explore the therapeutic effects of scalp acupuncture on sleep disorder induced by preexamination anxiety in the undergraduates.Methods： A total of 60 undergraduates with sleep disorder induced by the final examination anxiety were randomized into three groups, named a control group（20 cases）, a traditional acupuncture group（20 cases） and a scalp acupuncture group（20 cases）. In the control group, no any treatment was given. In the traditional acupuncture group, acupuncture was given at Sìshéncōng（四神聪EX-HN1）, bilateral Shénmén（神门HT 7） and bilateral Sānyīnjiāo（三阴交SP 6）. The needles were manipulated with the even-needling technique and retained for 30 min. In the scalp acupuncture group, acupuncture was applied to uppermiddle line of occiput（枕上正中线MS 12）, middle line of vertex（顶中线MS 5） and middle line of forehead（额中线MS 1）. The needles were manipulated with the even-needling technique and retained for 30 min.The treatment was given once a day and 5 treatments made one course. There were 2 days at interval among the courses. The therapeutic effects were analyzed statistically after 4 courses of treatment. Before and after treatment, the Hamilton anxiety scale（HAMA） and the Pittsburgh sleep quality index（PSQI）were adopted to evaluate the conditions of pre-examination anxiety and sleep in the patients.Results： In comparison of PSQI score, compared with those before treatment, the score in the scalp acupuncture group（12.95 ± 1.76 vs 15.95 ± 1.82） and in the traditional acupuncture group（13.75 ± 1.62 vs15.75±1.86） after 1-week of treatment were reduced（both P0.05）. Compared with control group, the score in the scalp acupuncture group（12.95 ± 1.76 vs15.78 ± 2.02） and in the traditional acupuncture group（13.75± 1.62 vs 15.78 ± 2.02） were better（both P〈0.05）. The difference was not significant between the scalp acupuncture group and the traditional acupuncture group（P0.05）. In 2 and 4 weeks of treatment, as well as 1 week after treatment termination, compared with the control group at the same time point, the scores in the scalp acupuncture group（in 2-week treatment： 8.95 ± 1.88 vs 15.94 ± 1.89, in4-week treatment： 5.95 ± 1.05 vs 16.5 ± 1.95, 1 week after treatment termination： 4.7 ± 0.77 vs 9.78 ± 2.10）and the traditional acupuncture group（in 2-week treatment： 11.15 ± 1.31 vs 15.94 ± 1.89, in 4-week treatment： 8.05 ± 0.89 vs 16.5 ±1.95, 1 week after treatment termination： 6.25 ± 0.85 vs 9.78 ±2.10） were all lower（all P0.05） separately. The scores in the scalp acupuncture group were superior to the traditional acupuncture group（all P0.05）. In comparison of HAMD score, compared with those before treatment, the score in the scalp acupuncture group（22.4 ± 5.31 vs 25.2 ± 6.18） and in the traditional acupuncture group（22.4 ± 5.31 vs 25 ±5.97） after 1-week of treatment were reduced（both P〈0.05）.Compared with control group, the score in the scalp acupuncture group（22.4± 5.31 vs 23.28 ±5.53）and in the traditional acupuncture group（22.4± 5.31 vs 23.28 ±5.53） were better（both P〈0.05）. The difference was not significant between the scalp acupuncture group and the traditional acupuncture group（P0.05）. In 2 and 4 weeks of treatment, as well as 1 week after treatment termination, compared with the control group at the same time point, the scores in the scalp acupuncture group（in2-week treatment： 18.5 ±4.56 vs 24.22 ± 5.22, in 4-week treatment： 5.8 ±3.52 vs 21.22 ± 6.7,1 week after treatment termination： 4.55 ± 2.72 vs 11.78 ± 9.36） and the traditional acupuncture group（in 2-week treatment： 17.5 ± 4.59 vs 24.22 ± 5.22, in 4-week treatment： 6.95 ± 3.33 vs 21.22 ± 6.7, 1 week after treatment termination： 5.8 ± 2.76 vs 11.78 ± 9.36） were all lower（all P〈0.05） separately. The scores in the scalp acupuncture group were superior to the traditional acupuncture group（all P〈0.05）. In 4-week treatment and 1 week after treatment termination, compared with control group, the total effective rates in the traditional acupuncture group（in 4-week treatment： 95% vs 11%, 1 week after treatment termination： 100% vs 83.33%, both P〈0.05） and the scalp acupuncture group（in 4-week treatment： 95% vs 11%, 1 week after treatment termination： 100% vs 83.33%, both P〈0.05） were better and the difference was not significant between the traditional acupuncture group and the scalp acupuncture group（both P0.05）.Conclusion： Both scalp acupuncture and traditional acupuncture therapies are effective on sleep disorder induced by pre-examination anxiety in the undergraduates. The scalp acupuncture therapy achieves the better effects on the instant relief of symptoms.

Clinical study on acupuncture plus auricular point sticking for tension-type headache

Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy of acupuncture plus auricular point sticking for tension-type headache(TTH).Methods:A total of 90 TTH patients were divided into an acupuncture group,an auricular point sticking group and an observation group by random number table method,with 30 cases in each group.Patients in the observation group received acupuncture plus auricular point sticking for treatment,while those in the acupuncture group only received acupuncture and those in the auricular point sticking group only received auricular point sticking for treatment.The headache attack frequency and the scores of visual analog scale(VAS),self-rating anxiety scale(SAS)and self-rating depression scale(SDS)were observed before treatment,after treatment and 3 months after treatment.The clinical efficacy was evaluated at the follow-up of 3 months after treatment.Results:At follow-up,there were significant differences in clinical efficacy among the three groups(P<0.01 or P<0.05),and the clinical efficacy ranking from high to low was the observation group,the acupuncture group and the auricular point sticking group.After treatment and at follow-up,the VAS score,headache attack frequency,SAS and SDS scores in the three groups were significantly lower than those before treatment(all P<0.01).The above four results in the observation group were lower than those in the acupuncture group and the auricular point sticking group at the same time point(all P<0.01);VAS score in the acupuncture group was lower than that in the auricular point sticking group(both P<0.05).At follow-up,the headache frequency in the acupuncture group was lower than that in the auricular point sticking group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Either using acupuncture and auricular point sticking together or separately can reduce the headache degree of TTH patients,reduce the number of headache attacks,and relieve anxiety and depression.The efficacy of acupuncture plus auricular point sticking is most significant.