梁山县发展沿黄肉牛特色产业壮大做强“牛”经济

山东省梁山县位于鲁西黄牛中心产区,具有特殊的地理优势、资源优势和多年形成的产业优势,已经形成了一定规模的肉牛育肥产业基础。近年来,梁山县按照“一县一特、一乡一业、一村一品”的发展思路,不断深挖传统农业潜力,确定了以国家地理标志产品鲁西黄牛为代表的肉牛产业作为县域主导产业,坚持园区化、标准化、项目化、品牌化、科技化的发展路径,实现养殖规模化、产业集聚化,将传统产业做成崭新业态,用“牛”经济为乡村产业振兴提供充足的“牛”动力,为县域经济高质量发展注入了新动能。

The Modeling of Production and Economic Indicators in Suckler Cows Herds

The aim of this study was to analyse the most important factors affecting the profitability of suckler cows herds in Slovakia in 2010. The economic models were used to verify whether the suckler cows farming is profitable without subsidies in the current production conditions in Slovakia as well as their optimal location in the agricultural natural conditions of Slovakia from the perspective of economic efficiency. The breeding of cattle, mainly for the beef meat production, has long been unprofitable as it is apparent also from the analysis of several studies. In the model without inclusion of subsidies, it was calculated that the suckler cows farming is unprofitable at the current production parameters and realization prices of calves. The losses per cow and year were ranged from -240ε in the model by using a combination of the maximum threshold values of input parameters to -818ε by using a combination of the minimum threshold values of the input parameters. In the models including of subsidies amount of loss and/or profit per cow and year varied depending on the input parameters mainly on natality, average daily gain, the realization price of calves and the level of subsidies provided to breeder as well. The economic results are ranged from -277ε to 724ε per cow and year. From economical as well as production point of view, the most appropriate agricultural natural regions for suckler cows farming in Slovakia are upland and highland regions.

Economical Analysis of Milk Production in the Farms of Siedlce Region

Last years the most profitable line of activity in agriculture is considered with milk production. The-effectiveness of this project depends primarily on the direct costs and the obtained of purchase price. Therefore the aim of this work was to analyze the financial results of dairy farms in the east part of Mazovia region. Completing the research in 2010, to the owners of 36 farms were sent a questionnaire containing 18 questions. The obtained data were used to characterize the various research facilities. And then the whole population was devoted on the 6 production groups, depend on the number of physical units of dairy cows. Moreover, based on survey data, an analysis of the profitability of milk production was done. It was the following economic values： direct costs, revenue, gross margin and the index of production profitability. Also the statistical analysis by calculating the Pearson linear correlation coefficient （r） and coefficient of determination （R2） was done. The study showed that the highest annual yield of milk from a cow at the level of 7500 kg, reached the farmers with the area of l 9.7 ha of with the density of 1.82 BFU/ha and with 8 years of cow utilization. Respondents from this group also received the highest value of effectiveness index （184.60%）. In addition, the performed regression analysis showed significant positive correlation between the effectiveness index and the surface agricultural lands occurring in the farms, density of agricultural lands, and efficiency from a cow and the price of milk.

Growth Performance, Feed Conversion Ratio and Economics of Production of Native and Crossbred （Local x Holstein Friesian） Bulls for Fattening under Different Improved Feeding

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the growth performance and cost per gain of indigenous and crossbred （local x Holstein Friesian （L x HF）） bulls under four different improved feed treatments to determine the appropriate ration for economic organic beef production in Bangladesh. Twenty indigenous bulls （average body weight 208.08 ± 13.98 kg） and 20 crossbred （L x l-IF） bulls （average body weight 256.26 ± 26.85 kg） of 24 months age were divided into four equal groups and fed on four diets （T0, T1, T2 and T3） up to 120 d, where To referred to the conventional diet, and T1, T2 and T3 referred as improved organic diets. Required dry matter for individual animal was supplied by roughage and concentrate sources of the ration in the ratio of 2：1. Local grass and paddy straw were supplied to group T0 and T1, Napier grass and straw to group T2, and Napier grass （Pennisetum purpureum）, straw and Ipil-ipil leaf （Leuceana leucucephala） to group Ts as roughage; whereas, the concentrate was supplied as 1.5% of live weight. The results revealed that total dry matter intake （DMI）, total DMI as percent live weight （%LW）, feed conversion ratio （FCR） and average daily gain （ADG） varied significantly （P 〈 0.01） among different treatment groups. Breed also had significant （P 〈 0.01） effect on total DMI, FCR and ADG, but total DMI （%LW） was not affected by breed type. Feed cost expressed as per kg live weight gain （LWG） （BDT/kg LWG; 1USD = 78.95 BDT）, were also affected （P 〈 0.01） by feed treatments and breed type. Indigenous and crossbred bulls fed diet T3 had higher ADG （0.49 kg and 1.17 kg, respectively） and comparatively lower feed costs （156 BDT/kg LWG and 96.78 BDT/kg LWG, respectively）. But crossbred （L × HF） bulls showed the highest ADG （1.17 kg） and the lowest feed cost （96.78 BDT/kg LWG）. Therefore, considering the growth performance and cost per kg gain of the experimental animals, it may be concluded that the crossbred （Lx HF） bulls treated with T3 diet may be used for economic organic beef production in Bangladesh.

Bovine PON1 Gene SNPs and their effects on Bio-economic traits

The objectives of the present study were to determine associations between these polymorphisms of PON1 gene and growth and carcass traits. For this purpose, genotyping was performed on males of 18 Angus, 23 Jinnan cattle, 20 Limousin, 28 Luxi cattle, 26 Qinchuan cattle, 29 Simmental, 29 Charolais. Traits of interest were analyzed using the RFLP-PCR and GLM procedure of SAS 9.1 and least square means of the genotypes were compared by the Tukey＇ s test in the association studies. Association of PONI/ EcoRV genotypes with body weight, average daily gain, rib eye area and tenderness were significant （P〈0.05）, and AG genotype was significant difference with others in average daily gain and tenderness （P〈0.05）, with AA genotype may have higher rib eye area （p〈0.05）. The association analysis of the PONI/Alu I polymorphism showed significant associations between genotypes and growth： body weight and carcass traits net meat weight and tenderness （P〈0.05）. AA genotype was considered more favorable than others in all growth and production traits. There were significant differences among breeds for all associated interests traits and difference between beef breeds and native breeds are obviously in all aspects. And these results may be useful for the breeding selection.

Cost Benefit Analysis to Select Clean Energy Solutions in Dairy Farm Milk Collection Posts in Azores

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the possibility of implementation of alternative renewable energy micro-generation installations in dairy farm milk collection posts, from the technical, economical and environmental perspectives. Work was performed through dairy farm milk collection post energy audits. Weather data was obtained from CLIMAAT and MacSIMAR projects and introduced in a renewable energy solutions calculator （HOMER）. Moreover, a system design from the available portfolio of micro-generation devices was defined and a cost benefit analysis of the selected alternatives was performed. From the analyzed solutions, the set of PV （20 kW） and Wind （3 kW） with no batteries revealed to be the best one. The sensitivity analysis indicated that wind micro-turbines should be installed except if the solar radiation is maximum and that in no case the use of batteries is an advantage. For systems requiring a certain degree of energy （in this case with an average of 350 kW/day）, the implementation of micro generation systems, like the ones evaluated, will never be economically feasible in terms of Total Economic Value, even with generous feed-in tariff schemes. It is preferable that grid operators make investments in renewable energy production.