AIM： To evaluate the prevalent topical therapeutic modalities available for the treatment of acute radiation proctitis compared to formalin. METHODS： A total of 120 rats were used. Four groups （n = 30） were analyz...AIM： To evaluate the prevalent topical therapeutic modalities available for the treatment of acute radiation proctitis compared to formalin. METHODS： A total of 120 rats were used. Four groups （n = 30） were analyzed with one group for each of the following applied therapy modalities： control, mesalazine, formalin, betamethasone, and misoprostol. A single fraction of 17.5 Gy was delivered to each rat. The rats in control group rats were given saline, and the rats in the other three groups received appropriate enemas twice a day beginning on the first day after the irradiation until the day of euthanasia. On d 5, 10, and 15, ten rats from each group were euthanized and a pathologist who was unaware of treatment assignment examined the rectums using a scoring system. RESULTS： The histopathologic scores for surface epithelium, glands （crypts） and lamina propria stroma of the rectums reached their maximum level on d 10. The control and formalin groups had the highest and mesalazine had the lowest, respectively on d 10. On the 15^th d, mesalazine, betamethasone, and misoprostol had the lowest scores of betamethasone. CONCLUSION： Mesalazine, betamethasone, and misoprostol are the best topical agents for radiation proctitis and formalin has an inflammatory effect and should not be used.展开更多
The Adventures of Augie March （2006） has been approached from various perspectives by critics since its publication. It has been studied from the point of view of culture, religion, history, modernism, postmodemism,...The Adventures of Augie March （2006） has been approached from various perspectives by critics since its publication. It has been studied from the point of view of culture, religion, history, modernism, postmodemism, and various schools of literary theories, while the use of parody in this novel was comparatively ignored. Through close reading of the novel, the present study finds that in one of his important novels, The Adventures of Augie March, by the use of parody of Augie＇s opposition to various influences with Jacob＇s fight with God, Saul Bellow successfully presents Augie as an image sticking stubbornly to ＂truth, love, peace, bounty, usefulness, harmony＂ and saying perpetually ＂no＂ to persuaders of all kinds of immoral influences, thus providing a more comprehensive reading of the novel.展开更多
Objective To identify the genetype of the PS1/APP double transgenie mouse model, then to analyse the histopathological changes in the brain and compare the differences between the transgenie mice models and Aβ1-40-in...Objective To identify the genetype of the PS1/APP double transgenie mouse model, then to analyse the histopathological changes in the brain and compare the differences between the transgenie mice models and Aβ1-40-injeeted rats models of Alzheimer disease. Methods The modified congo red staining, Nissl＇s staining and immunohistology staining was used to observe the Aβ deposits, activation of astrocyte respectively. Results ①The PS1/APP transgenic mouse extensively displayed Aβ deposits in the cortex and hippocampal structures, and GFAP positive cells were aggregated in mass and surrounded the congo red-positive plaque. ②The Aβ1-40-intrahippocmnpal-injeeted rat model showed the Aβ plaque deposits in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, with the astrocyte surrounded. The neurons loss was significant in the injection point and pin hole of injection with Nissl＇s staining methods. GFAP-positive cells increased significantly compared with the uninjected lateral of the hippocampus. Conclusion Although Aβ1-40-injected rat models could simulate some characteristic pathological features of human Alzheimer diseases, Aβ deposits and neurons loss in partial hippocampal, it would not simulate the progressive degenenration in the brain of AD. The double transgenie PS1/APP mice could simulate the specific pathogenesis and progressive changes of AD, mainly is Aβ deposits and the spongiocyte response , while no neurons loss were observed in this model.展开更多
Cancer metastasis is the most important factor causing patients death. Cancer diseases will be controllable if metastasis does not happen. Concerning the mechanism of cancer metastasis, there are still many points to ...Cancer metastasis is the most important factor causing patients death. Cancer diseases will be controllable if metastasis does not happen. Concerning the mechanism of cancer metastasis, there are still many points to be clarified. Currently, the mechanism of cancer metastasis has been explained from several aspects of its biological behaviors. Here we briefly summarized some newly-developed metastasis models to provide a global glance at this topic.展开更多
Compared with the measureable but limited K isotope variation in geological samples,biological samples have much larger variations in δ^41 values：from-1.3‰ to＋1.1‰ relative to the international K standard NIST SR...Compared with the measureable but limited K isotope variation in geological samples,biological samples have much larger variations in δ^41 values：from-1.3‰ to＋1.1‰ relative to the international K standard NIST SRM 3141a.Notably,higher plants generally have δ^41 values that are lower than igneous rocks,whereas sea plants（algae）have δ^41 values that are higher than seawater;the range in δ^41K values of plants encompasses the δ^41 values of both igneous rocks and seawater.Plant cells utilize different K uptake mechanisms in response to highand low-K conditions.In a low-K environment,plant cells use energy-consuming ion pumps for active uptake of K;plant cells in high-K environments use non-energy-consuming ion channels.Based on these facts and on K isotope data from sea and land plants,it is hypothesized that the different K uptake mechanisms are accompanied by distinct K isotope fractionation behaviors or vital effects.The enrichment of light K isotopes in terrestrial plants could be attributed to preferential transport of isotopically light K in the energy-consuming active uptake process by K ion pumps in the membranes of plant root cells.On the other hand,the enrichment of heavy K isotopes in algae may be caused by a combination of the lack of K isotope fractionation during K uptake from seawater via ion channels and the preferential efflux of light K isotopes across the cell membrane back to the seawater.The large variation of K isotope compositions in biological samples therefore may reflect the diversity of isotopic vital effects for K in organisms,which implies the great potential of K isotopes in biogeochemical studies.展开更多
This study explores the intricate situation of the coexistence of different identities in Amin Maalouf＇ s Ports of Call （1996）. It contends that identity is complex, flux, and not limited to what is inherited; it i...This study explores the intricate situation of the coexistence of different identities in Amin Maalouf＇ s Ports of Call （1996）. It contends that identity is complex, flux, and not limited to what is inherited; it is rather a psychological, political, and social amalgamation. Thus, each individual has a unique and particular identity, which is completely different from the others＇. This study is a theoretical and analytical survey of Maalouf＇s Ports of Call. It aims at proving that this novel is an example that Maalouf provides to show the challenges that characters of different identities face, and the obstacles that hinder them from assimilation. The argument is mainly based on Edward Said＇s theories that have opened up discussions about Otherness and multiculturalism, alongside with other postcolonial critics, such as Homi Bhabha. Maalouf＇s book In the Name of Identity： Violence and the Need to Belong （1996） is also integral to this study. The study concludes that it might be possible for people, in parallel with the characters of the novel, to challenge the identity predicament that the world is witnessing nowadays, and accept diversities as a way of life, rather than a reason for waging wars.展开更多
文摘AIM： To evaluate the prevalent topical therapeutic modalities available for the treatment of acute radiation proctitis compared to formalin. METHODS： A total of 120 rats were used. Four groups （n = 30） were analyzed with one group for each of the following applied therapy modalities： control, mesalazine, formalin, betamethasone, and misoprostol. A single fraction of 17.5 Gy was delivered to each rat. The rats in control group rats were given saline, and the rats in the other three groups received appropriate enemas twice a day beginning on the first day after the irradiation until the day of euthanasia. On d 5, 10, and 15, ten rats from each group were euthanized and a pathologist who was unaware of treatment assignment examined the rectums using a scoring system. RESULTS： The histopathologic scores for surface epithelium, glands （crypts） and lamina propria stroma of the rectums reached their maximum level on d 10. The control and formalin groups had the highest and mesalazine had the lowest, respectively on d 10. On the 15^th d, mesalazine, betamethasone, and misoprostol had the lowest scores of betamethasone. CONCLUSION： Mesalazine, betamethasone, and misoprostol are the best topical agents for radiation proctitis and formalin has an inflammatory effect and should not be used.
文摘The Adventures of Augie March （2006） has been approached from various perspectives by critics since its publication. It has been studied from the point of view of culture, religion, history, modernism, postmodemism, and various schools of literary theories, while the use of parody in this novel was comparatively ignored. Through close reading of the novel, the present study finds that in one of his important novels, The Adventures of Augie March, by the use of parody of Augie＇s opposition to various influences with Jacob＇s fight with God, Saul Bellow successfully presents Augie as an image sticking stubbornly to ＂truth, love, peace, bounty, usefulness, harmony＂ and saying perpetually ＂no＂ to persuaders of all kinds of immoral influences, thus providing a more comprehensive reading of the novel.
基金This project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （ No. 30100087, 30500148, 30571770）funded by the Collaborating Research Fund for Young Scholars from Abroad of National Natural Science Foundation of China （ No. 30228018 ）.
文摘Objective To identify the genetype of the PS1/APP double transgenie mouse model, then to analyse the histopathological changes in the brain and compare the differences between the transgenie mice models and Aβ1-40-injeeted rats models of Alzheimer disease. Methods The modified congo red staining, Nissl＇s staining and immunohistology staining was used to observe the Aβ deposits, activation of astrocyte respectively. Results ①The PS1/APP transgenic mouse extensively displayed Aβ deposits in the cortex and hippocampal structures, and GFAP positive cells were aggregated in mass and surrounded the congo red-positive plaque. ②The Aβ1-40-intrahippocmnpal-injeeted rat model showed the Aβ plaque deposits in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, with the astrocyte surrounded. The neurons loss was significant in the injection point and pin hole of injection with Nissl＇s staining methods. GFAP-positive cells increased significantly compared with the uninjected lateral of the hippocampus. Conclusion Although Aβ1-40-injected rat models could simulate some characteristic pathological features of human Alzheimer diseases, Aβ deposits and neurons loss in partial hippocampal, it would not simulate the progressive degenenration in the brain of AD. The double transgenie PS1/APP mice could simulate the specific pathogenesis and progressive changes of AD, mainly is Aβ deposits and the spongiocyte response , while no neurons loss were observed in this model.
基金Supported by a grant from the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(No.81071773,30973447,30973471)
文摘Cancer metastasis is the most important factor causing patients death. Cancer diseases will be controllable if metastasis does not happen. Concerning the mechanism of cancer metastasis, there are still many points to be clarified. Currently, the mechanism of cancer metastasis has been explained from several aspects of its biological behaviors. Here we briefly summarized some newly-developed metastasis models to provide a global glance at this topic.
基金supported by"1000-talent Program"of China,and National Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41622301)to WL
文摘Compared with the measureable but limited K isotope variation in geological samples,biological samples have much larger variations in δ^41 values：from-1.3‰ to＋1.1‰ relative to the international K standard NIST SRM 3141a.Notably,higher plants generally have δ^41 values that are lower than igneous rocks,whereas sea plants（algae）have δ^41 values that are higher than seawater;the range in δ^41K values of plants encompasses the δ^41 values of both igneous rocks and seawater.Plant cells utilize different K uptake mechanisms in response to highand low-K conditions.In a low-K environment,plant cells use energy-consuming ion pumps for active uptake of K;plant cells in high-K environments use non-energy-consuming ion channels.Based on these facts and on K isotope data from sea and land plants,it is hypothesized that the different K uptake mechanisms are accompanied by distinct K isotope fractionation behaviors or vital effects.The enrichment of light K isotopes in terrestrial plants could be attributed to preferential transport of isotopically light K in the energy-consuming active uptake process by K ion pumps in the membranes of plant root cells.On the other hand,the enrichment of heavy K isotopes in algae may be caused by a combination of the lack of K isotope fractionation during K uptake from seawater via ion channels and the preferential efflux of light K isotopes across the cell membrane back to the seawater.The large variation of K isotope compositions in biological samples therefore may reflect the diversity of isotopic vital effects for K in organisms,which implies the great potential of K isotopes in biogeochemical studies.
文摘This study explores the intricate situation of the coexistence of different identities in Amin Maalouf＇ s Ports of Call （1996）. It contends that identity is complex, flux, and not limited to what is inherited; it is rather a psychological, political, and social amalgamation. Thus, each individual has a unique and particular identity, which is completely different from the others＇. This study is a theoretical and analytical survey of Maalouf＇s Ports of Call. It aims at proving that this novel is an example that Maalouf provides to show the challenges that characters of different identities face, and the obstacles that hinder them from assimilation. The argument is mainly based on Edward Said＇s theories that have opened up discussions about Otherness and multiculturalism, alongside with other postcolonial critics, such as Homi Bhabha. Maalouf＇s book In the Name of Identity： Violence and the Need to Belong （1996） is also integral to this study. The study concludes that it might be possible for people, in parallel with the characters of the novel, to challenge the identity predicament that the world is witnessing nowadays, and accept diversities as a way of life, rather than a reason for waging wars.
