论《战国策》策士谏言中的道家思想

关于《战国策》中的策士及其谏言,学者大多关注到的是其中所反映出的纵横家思想。其实,在《战国策》的策士谏言中,亦有着道家的渊源影响及其思想内蕴:《战国策》策士谏言奉行的"顺应法",即"顺应"被谏言者的意愿,以其是非判断和好恶选择作为游说的原则和标准,就衍生自道家的"自然无为";而策士谏言中的"环"术,即不设置明确的是非价值观,任何策略和主张都因势而变,则以道家的"辩证法则"为理论基础和思路方法。

The use of carbon-based particle electrodes in three-dimensional electrode reactors for wastewater treatment

The use of three-dimensional(3D)electrodes in water treatment is competitive because of their high catalytic efficiency,low energy consumption and promising development.The use of particle electrodes is a key research focus in this technology.They are usually in the form of particles that fill the space between the cathode and anode,and the selection of materials used is important.Carbon-based materials are widely used because of their large specific surface area,good adsorption performance,high chemical stability and low cost.The principles of 3D electrode technology are introduced and recent research on its use for degrading organic pollutants using carbon-based particle electrodes is summarized.The classification of particle electrodes is introduced and the challenges for the future development of carbon-based particle electrodes in wastewater treatment are discussed.

Review of wastewater treatment technologies,soil and water conservation measures in nuclear power plants,and inspirations to Fukushima accident

[Background]The previous studies suggest that radioactive elements like Cs and Sr may adversely affect marine ecosystems and the fishing industry.Traditional treatment systems for radioactive wastewater like the Advanced Liquid Processing System(ALPS)and Kurion have faced challenges in limiting concentration and achieving safety criteria.Studies suggest potential long-term impacts on benthic organisms and seafood networks due to radioactive elements like Cs and Sr from the discharged radioactive wastewater,which may hinder post-disaster recovery and provoke economic losses in the fishing industry both domestically and internationally.A series of studies indicate that there are issues of Cs and Sr pollution migration in soil and water conservation in Fukushima.[Methods]To provide feasible solutions,the main article includes five nuclear wastewater treatment technologies,and soil and water conservation measures for different media(water and soil)were evaluated through reviewing the previous fifteen years'articles.To provide feasible solutions,the main articles,the phytoextraction technologies in Cs and Sr treatment within different land use areas were wildly analyzed(Camellia japonica,Arabidopsis halleri and other local species).[Results]1)A 99.9%removal rate for Cs^(+)and 99.5%for Sr^(2+)was achieved by the KFe[Fe(CN)_(6)]and BaSO_(4)co-precipitation method.2)For membrane filtration,Sr^(2+)and Cs^(+)were removed using metal-organic framework(MOF/graphene oxide)and ion exchange techniques using inorganic materials like titanosilicates.The absorption efficiency of membrane filtration for Sr^(2+)and Cs^(+)was at least 92%and 94%,respectively.The study analyzed soil and water conservation technologies in different land uses,river basins and catchments.3)The underground water treatment mainly were completed via the membrance technologies like reverse osmosis and Permeable Reactive Barriers(PRB)technologies.The ^(90) Sr concentration decreased 77%-91%compared to the initial concentration by PRB technology.These diverse methods offered effective strategies for radioactive wastewater treatment,especially the co-precipitation method may be feasible remediation measures to ensure ecological safety surrounding nuclear power utilizing areas.Soil and water conservation measures for soil pollution treatment mainly focused on the use of stabilizers to hinder the migration of Cs and Sr in the soil and the effects of wind erosion such as interpolyelectrolyte complexes.[Conclusions]We evaluated the pollution of Cs and Sr in the Fukushima nuclear radiation soil and water to provide solutions for the treatment of nuclear wastewater and to prevent radionuclide pollutants from migrating into the soil and water.

Clinical Experience of Primary Retroperitoneal Tumor: Report of 600 Cases

Objective： To summarize the experience of management for primary retroperitoneal tumor （PRPT） and to analyze the factors influencing the outcome after operation. Methods： The data of 600 cases of PRPT in General Hospital of PLA were reviewed retrospectively. Results： Of 600 cases of PRPT, 546 were surgically treated. Among theme 369 were malignant and 177 benign. 366 cases were followed up for 1 month to 15 years. The 1-years 3-year, and 5-year survival rate in the patients subject to complete resection was 90.5%, 73.2% and 53.6%, respectively, and that in incomplete resection patients was 70.6%, 32.0%, 5.7% respectively （P〈0.01）. The Cox multi-various regression analysis revealed showed completeness of tumor resection, sex and histologic type were associated closely with local recurrence. Conclusion： Sufficient preoperative preparation and complete tumor resection play important roles for reducing recurrence and improving survival.

Comprehensive Prevention and Control Technologies of Rice Blast in Disease Nanchong City

The study was conducted to reduce blast damage, the use of pesticides residue, environment pollution and control costs, and to make a significant contribution to the improvement of grain production, quality and agriculture ecological environment. Over these years, by the methods of systematical monitoring, regular surveys, field investigation, rice blast resistance identification, experiments and meteorological data analysis, the study on comprehensive prevention and control of rice blast in Nanchong City was conducted. The results showed that the rice varieties more sensitive to blast had a higher incidence of severe blast disease. Replacing,varieties with different source of resistance every three to five years and reasonable variety distribution can effectively reduce the prevalence of rice blast. Appropriate treatment of infected rice straw and pathogen, seed disinfection, seedling disinfection, and pesticide application at transplanting and etc. can delay blast occurrence and reduce the damage caused by blast. By analyzing the blast control efficiency of pesticides applied at different growth stages, we found that best control efficiency against blast was achieved by spraying pesticide twice during the whole growth stage, once 3 d before transplanting or 10 d after transplanting; and once at initial heading stage. Spraying 525 g/hm^2 75% tricyclazole was proven to be the best dosage for blast control. However, 375-450 g/hm^2 75% tricyclazole is enough if the blast incidence is not severe, or the rice varieties are slightly susceptible to blast.The control efficiency against leaf blast between 4% kasugamycin and 20% tricyclazole had no significant difference, but was significantly higher than that of 100 billion spores/g of Bacillus subtilis. The control efficiency against neck blast had no significant difference among 4% kasugamycin, 20% tricyclazole and 100 billion spores/g of B. subtilis. 450 g/hm^2 75% tricyclazole had better control efficiency against neck blast than 2 250 g/hm^2 2% 800 million spores/g Jinggangmycin-wax bud bacteria SC, 1 050 g/hm^2 41% kasugamycin-isoprothiolane WP and 900 g/hm^2 41%kasugamycin-isoprothiolane WP. The frequency of severe blast incidence in Nanchong City has reached 50% since 1997. The rice blast disease has been effectively controlled by comprehensive prevention and control technology, reducing the production loss to less than 2%, and pesticides by 4 523 t in total. In 2014, 327000 t rice grains were approved as pollution-free, green and organic agricultural products, indicating that the blast control measures produced great economic, social and ecological values.

Circulation Technology and Model of Agroforestry and Animal Husbandry

On basis of analysis on agroforestry-animal husbandry ecosystem characters, the research explored nutrient flow model of material cycle and carbon cycle and agroforestry-animal husbandry mutualism model and supporting technology in Yangtze-Huaihe Region, taking Robinia pseudoacacia stand and rubber garden as an example.

Combination of Circumcision and Microwave in Treatment of Genital Warts in Uncircumcised Patients

Objective: To investigate the efficacy of combina-tion of circumcision and microwave on genital wartsin uncircumcised men. Methods: A randomized, prospective study of 109uncircumcised adult men with genital warts was con-ducted in a STD clinic in Zhanjiang, Guangdong. Onegroup (n=54) received microwave therapy only, whilethe other group (n=55) was taken the combination ofcircumcision and microwave therapy. The recurrenceswere observed at the end of months 3, 6 and 12, andoperative complications were also recorded. Results: There were no significant differences inthe mean age and duration of the disease between twogroups (P>0.05). No serious operative complicationswere documented. The recurrence rate in circumci-sion plus microwave group was markedly lower thanthat in microwave group (12.7% vs 29.6%, P<0.05),while the differences in early and late recurrencesbetween two groups showed no statistical significance(P>0.05). Conclusion: Circumcision can be safely performedunder local anesthesia in an outpatient setting. Com-bination of circumcision and microwave can produceexcellent effect as well as less tissue damage,therefore, it may be ideal for uncircumcised patientswith extensive condylomas.

Present situation and prospects of forest ecological network in Jilin Province, China

This paper makes a brief introduction of the ecological environment, forestry achievements, and the existing questions of Jilin Province. The task of forest ecological network and eight questions demanding prompt solution were discussed based on the present situation of forestry in Jilin Province. The author also made prospects for future application of bio-technique, infor-mation technology, new material technology and nuisance-free forest health technology in forest ecological network.

Simple Culture Techniques for Germinationpromoting Fungi and Armillariella mellea in Artificial Planting of Gastrodia elata

This study aimed to explore simple culture techniques for symbiotic germination-promoting fungi and Armillariella mellea in artificial planting of Gastrodia elata, i.e., how to use a corner of ordinary house as inoculation room and cultivating site, how to use a pressure cooker for cooking food as sterilization tool, and how to use ordinary household heating as heating measures.

11.6-GHz 0.18-μm monolithic CMOS phase-locked loop

A design of a ll. 6-GHz phase-locked loop （PLL） fabricated in 49-GHz 0. 18-μm CMOS （complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor transistor） technology is described. An analog multiplier phase detector （PD）, a one-pole passive low pass filter and a three-stage ring oscillator with variable negativeresistance loads build up the monolithic phase-locked loop. The measured rms jitter of output signal via onwafer testing is 2. 2 ps under the stimulation of 2^31 - 1 bit-long pseudo random bit sequence （PRBS） at the bit rate of 11.6 GHz. And the tracking range is 250 MHz. The phase noise in the locked condition is measured to be - 107 dBc/Hz at 10 MHz offset, and that of the ring VCO at the central frequency is -99 dBc/Hz at 10 MHz offset. The circuit area of the proposed PLL is only 0. 47mm×0.72mm and the direct current （DC） power dissipation is 164 mW under a 1.8-V supply.

Numerical simulation and optimization design of the EGR cooler in vehicle

The EGR (exhaust gas recirculation) technique can greatly reduce the NOx emission of diesel engines, especially when an EGR cooler is employed. Numerical simulations are applied to study the flow field and temperature distributions inside the EGR cooler. Three different models of EGR cooler are investigated, among which model A is a traditional one, and models B and C are improved by adding a helical baffle in the cooling area. In models B and C the entry directions of cooling water are different, which mostly influences the flow resistance. The results show that the improved structures not only lengthen the flow path of the cooling water, but also enhance the heat exchange rate between the cool and hot media. In conclusion we suggest that the improved structures are more powerful than the traditional one.

Redo Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: On-Pump and Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Revascularization Techniques

Objective To analyze the short-term outcomes of redo coronary artery bypass grafting(CABG) using on-pump and off-pump CABG techniques. Methods From January 2003 to August 2013, non-randomized 80 patients were treated with redo CABG in the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital. Among these patients, 40 underwent on-pump CABG technique(redo-ONCAB group) and 40 underwent off-pump CABG technique(redo-OPCAB group). Furthermore, transmyocardial laser revascularization was performed in high-risk patients who were not suitable to conventional grafting. Clinical data of the two groups were recorded and analyzed including operation time, coronary grafts, incomplete revascularization, postoperative ventilation, perioperative stroke, and low output syndrome, etc. Results There were no significantly differences in age, gender distribution, incidences of hypertension, stroke, and other clinical characteristics between redo-OPCAB group and redo-ONCAB group(all P>0.05), except for incidences of renal dysfunction and pulmonary disease(all P<0.05). The number of grafting vessels in the redo-ONCAB and redo-OPCAB groups was 2.1 ± 0.74 and 1.4 ±0.52 respectively. There was significant difference between the two groups(P=0.0243). Compared with the redo-ONCAB group, there was shorter operation time(P=0.0045), postoperative ventilation(P=0.0211) and intensive care unit stay(P=0.0400), as well as fewer use of platelet(P=0.0338) and blood transfusion(P=0.0034) in the redo-OPCAB group. The incidence of incomplete revascularization(P=0.0253) and the use of transmyocardial laser revascularization(P=0.0052) were higher in the redo-OPCAB group than those in the redo-ONCAB group(all P<0.05). However, no significant differences were showed for the incidence of the use of intra aortic balloon pump and continuous renal replacement therapy, perioperative stroke, low output syndrome, and in-hospital mortality between the two groups(all P>0.05). Conclusion Redo CABG is the safety and efficacy surgical procedure, and redo-OPCAB technique with better outcomes is commended especially in high-risk patients.

Mechanism and Geo-mechanics Models of Landslides Triggered by 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake

Due to the extremely high magnitude, long duration, and the complicated geo-environment in the disaster area, the great 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake not only produced a huge number of landslides and rockfalls, but also involved complicated dynamic processes. These processes are quite different from the characteristics of landslides and rockfalls under general gravitational force, and presently human knowledge is very poor in this field. In order to describe the special dynamic processes, some terms such as shattering-cracking, shattering-sliding, shattering-falls and ejection are defined in this paper. Combined with slope structures, a mechanism classification system of strong earthquake-triggered landslide and rockfall is suggested, which is divided into 5 categories and 14 types. This paper also analyzes the basic characteristics, dynamic processes and geo-mechanics conceptual models of some typologies, especial the type of shattering-sliding for most large-scales landsides. This paper initially reveals the formation mechanism, geo-mechanics models and dynamic features of landslides and rockfalls triggered by the great Wenchuan Earthquake.

Use of Probiotics in Aquaculture

Diseases of cultured animal and environmental pollution are very important problems in aquaculture. The use of probiotics in aquaculture has more advantages than the use of antibiotics and chemicals in aquaculture. This review introduces the use and mechanisms of the probiotics in aquaculture.

Microstructure of ferrospheres in fly ashes: SEM, EDX and ESEM analysis

Ferrospheres in fly ashes from a coal-fired power plant were extracted by a magnetic separation technique and their microstructure was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) and environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM). Ferrospheres in fly ashes show significant iron enrichment compared to their respective fly ashes. Iron oxides in ferrospheres mainly occur as minerals magnetite (Fe3O4) and hematite (α-Fe2O3), which are derived mainly from the decomposition and oxidation of iron-bearing minerals in coal during combustion. EDX data indicate that ferrospheres also contain Si, S, Al and Ca resulting from quartz, mullite, anhydrite and amorphous materials. A large percentage of ferrospheres are commonly 5～50 μm in size. The microstructure of ferrospheres includes smooth, polygonal, dendritic, granular and molten drop characteristics. SEM coupled with EDX provided fast and accurate results of the microstructure and chemical composition of ferrospheres, and helped us to assess environmental issues related to the disposal and utilization of fly ashes.

RING PROXY SIGNATURES

Proxy signatures have been used to enable the transfer of digital signing power within some context and ring signatures can be used to provide the anonymity of a signer. By combining the functionalities of proxy signatures and ring signatures, this paper introduces a new concept, named ring proxy signature, which is a proxy signature generated by an anonymous member from a set of potential signers. The paper also constructs the first concrete ring proxy signature scheme based on the provably secure Schnorr's signatures and two ID-based ring proxy signature schemes. The security analysis is provided as well.

Seismic Behavior of Frame with Specially Shaped Columns Subjected to Cyclic Load

In order to study the seismic behavior of frame with specially shaped columns,the hysteretic curve was analyzed based on a quasi-static test of a two-span,three-story frame with specially shaped columns.The top layer framework curve and the corresponding resilience model were obtained from the hysteretic curve.And the stiffness and strength degeneration were also investigated.The results indicated that the stiffness degeneration is not obvious,thus the frame with specially shaped columns has high earthquake-resistant behavior.The resilience model calculated from the test can provide reference for design and nonlinear finite element analysis.

Pre-and postoperative systemic hemodynamic evaluation in patients subjected to esophagogastric devascularization plus splenectomy and distal splenorenal shunt:A comparative study in schistomomal portal hypertension

AIM: To investigate the systemic hemodynamic effects of two surgical procedures largely employed for treatment of schistosomal portal hypertension. METHODS: Thirty-six patients undergoing elective surgical treatment of portal hypertension due to hepatosplenic mansonic schistosomiasis were prospectively evaluated. All patients were subjected to preoperative pulmonary artery catheterization; 17 were submitted to esophagogastric devascularization and splenectomy (EGDS) and 19 to distal splenorenal shunt (DSRS). The systemic hemodynamic assessment was repeated 4 d after the surgical procedure. RESULTS: Preoperative evaluation revealed (mean ± SD) an increased cardiac index (4.78 ± 1.13 L/min per m2),associated with a reduction in systemic vascular resistance index (1457 ± 380.7 dynes.s/cm5.m2). The mean pulmonary artery pressure (18 ± 5.1 mmHg) as well as the right atrial pressure (7.9 ± 2.5 mmHg) were increased,while the pulmonary vascular resistance index (133 ± 62 dynes.s/cm5.m2) was decreased. Four days after EGDS,a significant reduction in cardiac index (3.80 ± 0.4 L/min per m2,P < 0.001) and increase in systemic vascular resistance index (1901.4 ± 330.2 dynes.s/cm5. m2,P < 0.001) toward normal levels were observed. There was also a significant reduction in pulmonary artery pressure (12.65 ± 4.7 mmHg,P < 0.001) and no significant changes in the pulmonary vascular resistance index (141.6 ± 102.9 dynes.s/cm5.m2). Four days after DSRS,a non-significant increase in cardiac index (5.2 ± 0.76 L/min per m2) and systemic vascular resistance index (1389 ± 311 dynes.s/cm5.m2) was observed. There was also a non-significant increase in pulmonary artery pressure (19.84 ± 5.2 mmHg),right cardiac work index (1.38 ± 0.4 kg.m/m2) and right ventricular systolic work index (16.3 ± 6.3 g.m/m2),without significant changes in the pulmonary vascular resistance index (139.7 ± 67.8 dynes.s/cm5.m2). CONCLUSION: The hyperdynamic circulatory state observed in mansonic schistosomiasis was corrected by EGDS,but was maintained in patients who underwent DSRS. Similarly,the elevated mean pulmonary artery pressure was corrected after EGDS and maintained after DSRS. EGDS seems to be the most physiologic surgery for patients with schistosomal portal hypertension.

Synthesis and Neuroprotective Activity of Novel C4, C7 Derivatives in Tetracycline Series

Since the discovery of the tetracycline in 1953, numerous natural andsemisynthelic tetracyclines have been reported with broad spectrum antibacterial activity .Doxycycline 1 and minocycline 2 are semisyn-thetic second-generation tetracyclines that exertanti-inflammatory effects. These effects appear completely separate and distinct fromtheirantimicrobial actio. Minocycline and doxycycline are absorbed rapidly and show higher brainpenetrability than other tetracyclines. During recent years, doxycycline and minocycline have shownto have neuroprotective effects in models of global and focal ischemia . The neuroprotective effectsare assumed to result from the inhibition of microglia activation. Furthermore, from an in vitrostudy, it was reported that minocycline induces neuroprotection against NMDA-induced neurotoxicityby inhibiting p38 MAP ki-nase activity in microglia . However, neuroprotective mechanisms andstructure-activity relationships of these compounds in neurons are unclear.

Reactor Network Synthesis for Waste Reduction Using Instantaneous Value of Environmental Index

Waste reduction is gaining importance as the preferred means of pollution prevention. Reactor network synthesis is one of the key parts of chemical process synthesis. In this study, a geometric approach to reactor network synthesis for waste reduction is presented. The bases of the approach are potential environment impact （PEI） rate-law expression, PEI balance and the instantaneous value of environmental indexes. The instantaneous value can be derived using the PEI balance, PEI rate-law expression and the environmental indexes. The optimal reactor networks with the minimum generation of potential environment impact are geometrically derived by comparing with areas of the corresponding regions. From the case study involving complex reactions, the approach does not involve solving the complicated mathematical problem and can avoid the dimension limitation in the attainable region approach.