“理论”与“理论化”——浅析张柱林的文学批评

张柱林的文学批评实践,呈现出两个鲜明的特点,一方面,是对于"理论"的纯熟运用;另一方面,是强烈的"现实感"。通过借用卡勒对于"理论"的解说分析,以及霍尔关于"理论化"的辨析,尝试对这一看似矛盾的现象做出初步分析,并进而试图破解"张柱林的批评实践究竟是‘文学’还是‘社会学’"的难题。

“理论故事化”教学探讨

人类共同的实践空间和历史境遇构成了理论与故事相契合的基点,因而在"毛泽东思想和中国特色社会主义理论体系概论"课上采用"理论故事化"的授课方式是合理的。实践中,"理论故事化"的授课方式具有有利于展现伟人的真实魅力、呈现中国的发展脉络、揭示理论的历史使命、激发学生的奋斗热情等鲜明特点。教师在"理论故事化"的授课过程中要坚持意识形态的指导地位、科学选择理论故事、提高"讲故事"的叙述技巧、注重提升学生的综合知识素养等原则和要求。

浅析“理论化—目标—教学”教学模式在英语阅读课程中的实践应用

在杰克.理查德看来,教学应分为三个部分,即理论化,目标和教学。杰克.理查德的这一教学模式具有极强的实践性与可操作性,本文试图就这一高度理论化的模式在阅读课教学中的具体运用加以阐述,以达到理论指导实践的作用。

论高校本科比较文学课程教学内容的“文学史化”

本科阶段的比较文学课程究竟主要应当讲哪些内容?学术界和高校教学界都存在比较大的争议。有的学者认为比较文学课程应当让学生了解比较文学学科的理论与历史发展,为进一步学习比较文学打下基础;而有的学者则认为应当注重以个案的讲解为重点,解读一些具体的比较文学研究方法,让学生认识到如何才能进行真正的比较文学研究。本文针对目前高校比较文学课程的现状,提出课程内容的“文学史化”问题进行讨论,认为高校本科比较文学课程教学内容的理论化与空洞化倾向是提出“文学史化”的基点;“文学史化”的具体途径有三一是将现有本科比较文学教材的理论性内容进行适当压缩,并将与中外文学史相关的内容与之进行兑换与更新;二是将文学与其他学科的关系之常识性的介绍兑换成为具体个案性的研究,换一个角度来讲比较文学的“跨学科研究”;三是尽量将“平行研究”的相关内容材料化。本科比较文学教学内容“文学史化”的目标有三一是让比较文学学科的综合性在本科教学内容上得到体现;二是对中国比较文学研究队伍的培养有极大助力;三是为高校“比较文学”与“世界文学”专业的整合做出贡献。本科比较文学课程教学内容的“文学史化”既是一个重要的理论问题,也是一个紧迫的实践问题,希望引起大家的讨论。

Prediction and critical transition mechanism for granite fracture:Insights from critical slowing down theory

Rock fracture warning is one of the significant challenges in rock mechanics.Many true triaxial and synchronous acoustic emission(AE)tests were conducted on granite samples.The investigation focused on the characteristics of AE signals preceding granite fracture,based on the critical slowing down(CSD)theory.The granite undergoes a transition from the stable phase to the fracture phase and exhibits a clear CSD phenomenon,characterized by a pronounced increase in variance and autocorrelation coefficient.The variance mutation points were found to be more identifiable and suitable as the primary criterion for predicting precursor information related to granite fracture,compared to the autocorrelation coefficient.It is noteworthy to emphasize that the CSD factor holds greater potential in elucidating the underlying mechanisms responsible for the critical transition of granite fracture,in comparison to the AE timing parameters.Furthermore,a novel multi-parameter collaborative prediction method for rock fracture was developed by comprehensively analyzing predictive information,including abnormal variation modes and the CSD factor of AE characteristic parameters.This method enhances the understanding and prediction of rock fracture-related geohazards.

Design Method for Optimizing the Interactive Interface of Live Broadcasting Platform for the Elderly Users

In the era of network live broadcasting for everyone,the development of live broadcasting platforms is also more intelligent and diversified.However,in the face of a large group of elderly users,the interface interaction design mode used is still mainly based on the interaction mode for young groups,and is not designed for elderly users.Therefore,a design method for optimizing the interaction interface of live broadcasting platform for elderly users was proposed in this study.Firstly,the case study method and Delphi expert survey method were used to determine the design needs of elderly users and the design mode was analysed.Secondly,the orthogonal design principle was used to design a test sample of the interactive interface of live broadcasting platform applicable for the elderly users,and then a user evaluation system was established to calculate the weights of the design elements using hierarchical analysis,and then the predictive relationship between the design mode of the interactive interface of live broadcasting platform and the elderly users was established by Quantitative Theory I.Finally,Genetic Algorithm was applied to generate the optimized design scheme.The results showed that the design method based on the Genetic Algorithm and the combination of Quantitative Theory can scientifically and effectively optimize the design of the interactive interface of the live broadcasting platform for the elderly users,and improve the experience of the elderly users.

An Exploration of Interpersonal Meanings in Advertising Discourse from Functional Grammar Perspective

Interpersonal function is one of the three metafunctions of language. This paper investigates the interpersonal meanings in Chinese cosmetic advertising discourse from mood, modality and appraise the three aspects. Based on an exploratory study of data of six typical Chinese cosmetic advertising discourses, the paper claims that the distribution of mood and modality has close link with the interpersonal meaning in advertising. The Functional Grammar and Appraisal System help to reveal the interpersonal meanings of the discourse concerned.

Hydrolysis Mechanism of the NAMI-A-type Antitumor Complex （HL）[trans-RuCl4L（dmso-S）] （L=1-methyl-l,2,4-triazole）

The hydrolysis process of Ru（III） complex （HL）[trans-RuC14L（dmso-S）] （L=l-methyl-l,2,4- triazole and dmso-S=S-dimethyl sulfoxide） （1）, a potential antitumor complex similar to the well-known antitumor agent （Him）[trans-RuC14 （dmso-S）（im）] （NAMI-A, im=imidazole）, was investigated using density functional theory combined with the conductor-like polarizable continuum model approach. Tile structural characteristics and the detailed energy profiles for the hydrolysis processes of this complex were obtained. For the first hydrolysis step, complex 1 has slightly higher barrier energies than the reported anticancer drug NAMI-A, and the result is in accordance with the experimental evidence indicating larger half-life for complex 1. For the second hydrolysis step, the formation of cis-diaqua species is thermodynamic preferred to that of trans isomers. In addition, on the basis of the analysis of electronic characteristics of species in the hydrolysis process, the trend in nucleophilic attack abilities of hydrolysis products by pertinent biomolecules is revealed and predicted.

MULTI-OBJECTIVE SHAPE DESIGN IN AERODYNAMICS USING GAME STRATEGY

Multi-objective optimization for the optimum shape design is introduced in aerodynamics using the Game theory. Based on the control theory, the employed optimizer and the negative feedback are used to implement the constraints. All the constraints are satisfied implicitly and automatically in the design. Furthermore,the above methodology is combined with a formulation derived from the Game theory to treat multi-point airfoil optimization. Airfoil shapes are optimized according to various aerodynamics criteria. In the symmetric Nash game, each “player” is responsible for one criterion, and the Nash equilibrium provides a solution to the multipoint optimization. Design results confirm the efficiency of the method.

The Initial Reactions of HaPO4 and NaH2PO4 Supported on Silica： A Joint Experimental and Theoretical Study

A combination of X-ray powder diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, diffuse reflection infrared Fourier transform, and ^31p magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance techniques with density function computation was used to elucidate the products and mecha- nism of the reactions among silica, H3PO4, and NaH2PO4 during the preparation of silica supported H3PO4 and NaH2PO4 catalysts. The spectral test results indicate that besides polyphosphoric acid, silicon phosphates on silica supported H3PO4 are also formed. On silica supported NaH2PO4 only sodium polyphosphates are present. Density functional theory （DFT） simulations indicate that in the initial stage, reaction of H3PO4 with silanol groups on the silica support is more favorable than that between H3PO4 itself. In contrast, dimerization and trimerization of NaH2PO4 are predicted to be the predominant initial reactions for the silica supported NaH2PO4 catalyst.

Thermodynamic model of lead oxide activity in PbO-CaO-SiO_2-FeO-Fe_2O_3 slag system

According to the ion and molecule coexistence theory, a thermodynamic model of lead oxide activity in PbO-CaO-SiO2-FeO-Fe2O3 slag system was established at the temperature of 1273-1733 K. The activities of Pb O in slag were calculated, and their equal activity curves were plotted. The influences of slag basicity Q, iron oxide rate R and temperature T on activity NPb O and activity coefficient γPbO were also investigated. Results show that the calculated values of γPb O are in good agreement with the reported experimental data, showing that the model can wholly embody the slag structural characteristics. NPbO departures positively from Raoult values, and increases with increasing Pb O content in slag but changes little with T. γPbO increases with increasing Q, and goes through the maximum with increasing R for basic slag（Q0.3）. Results can be applied to the thermodynamic research and operational optimization of modern lead smelting technologies.

Density Functional Theory Calculations of Charge-Induced Spin Polarization in Pentacene

Based on density functional theory （DFT） calculations, we investigate the spin-related properties of spinless-hole injected organic molecule pentacene （Pc）. DFT calculations reveal that there is spontaneous spin polarization in Pc when spinless-hole is injected. The chargeinduced magnetic moment of Pc increases linearly with the increasing of the extra hole charge amount and its maximum can be up to 1 μB per injected spinless-hole per Pc molecule. The magnetic moment is expected due to the injected unpaired charge. The injected hole will preferably ll the spin-splitted carbon pz orbitals, which makes the Pc molecule spin polarize.

Atomistic simulation of defected magnesium hydroxide as flame retardants

The mechanical properties and the point defect energy of magnesium hydroxide（Mg（OH）2） were studied using the molecular dynamics. Moreover, the microelectronic structure of Mg（OH）2 with point defects in the bulk and on its surface were investigated using the first principles. The simulation results indicate that Mg（OH）2 was easily modified by other cations because of its strong, favorable interstitial and substitution defects via point defect energy calculation. Mg（OH）2 can provide high-efficiency flame retardancy because of the strong OH（OH Schottky defect） or H bond（H Frenkel defect and Schottky defect）. The potential model of Mg（OH）2 was established, and molecular dynamics simulation was used to investigate the relations between the crystal structure and the mechanical properties. Mg（OH）2 with special morphology such as nano-sheets was a prior consideration to maintain the composite mechanical properties. The detailed electronic structures of Mg（OH）2 with defects were determined. This work may provide theoretical guidance for choosing dopant element and reveal the element doping mechanism of Mg（OH）2.

Multiple vehicle routing problem integrated reverse logistics with fuzzy reverse demands

A new type of vehicle routing problem （VRP）, multiple vehicle routing problem integrated reverse logistics （MVRPRL）, is studied. In this problem, there is delivery or pickup （or both） and uncertain features in the demands of the clients. The deliveries of every client as uncertain parameters are expressed as triangular fuzzy numbers. In order to describe MVRPRL, a multi-objective fuzzy programming model with credibility measure theory is constructed. Then the simulationbased tabu search algorithm combining inter-route and intra-route neighborhoods and embedded restarts are designed to solve it. Computational results show that the tabu search algorithm developed is superior to sweep algorithms and that compared with handling each on separate routes, the transportation costs can be reduced by 43% through combining pickups with deliveries.

Nonequilibrium Statistical Theory of Fracture

Nonequilibrium statistical theory of fracture is a theory of fracture that macromechanical quantities can be derived from the microscopic atomic mechanism of microcrack(or microvoid)evolution kinetcs by means of nonequilibrium statistical physical concepts and methods. The microcrack evolution equation is the central equation in the theory.The coefficents of the equation, the microcrack growth rate and the microcrack nucleation rate,come from microscopic atomic mechanism.The solution of the equation connects with macromechanical quantities by the model of the weakest chain. All the other formulas and quantities, for instance, distribution function,fracture probability, reliability, failure rate and macromechanical quantities such as strength, toughness, life etc. and their statistical distribution function and statistical fluctuation are derived in a unified fashion and expressed by a few physical parameters. This theory can be widely applied to various kinds of fracture, such as the brittle, fatigue, delayed and environmental fracture of metals and structural ceramics. The theoretical framework of this theory is given in this paper.

Structural and Electronic Properties of ConC3-/0 and ConC4-/0 （n=1-4） Clusters： Mass-Selected Anion Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Density Functional Theory Calculations

We investigated the structural evolution and elecfronic properties of ConC3-/0 and ConC4-/0 （n=1-4） clusters by using mass-selected photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations. The adiabatic and vertical detachment energies of CO1-4C3- and COl-4C4- were obtained from their photoelectron spectra. By comparing the theoretical results with the experimental data, the global minimum structures were determined. The results indicate that the carbon atoms of ConC3-/0 and ConC4-/0 （n=1-4） are separated from each other gradually with increasing number of cobalt atoms but a C2 unit still remains at n=4. It is interesting that the Co2C3- and Co2C4- anions have planar structures whereas the neutral Co2C3 and Co2C4 have linear structures with the Co atoms at two ends. The Co3C3- anion has a planar structure with a Co2C2 four-membered ring and a Co3C four-membered ring sharing a Co-Co bond, while the neutral Co3C3 is a three-dimensional structure with a C2 unit and a C atom connecting to two faces of the Co3 triangle.

Methylation of toluene with methanol over HZSM-5:A periodic density functional theory investigation

Periodic density functional theory was applied to investigate the reaction mechanism for the methylation of toluene with methanol over HZSM-5.The results indicated that toluene could be methylated at its para,meta,ortho and geminal positions via a concerted or stepwise pathway.For the concerted pathway,the calculated free energy barriers for the para,meta,ortho and geminal methylation reactions were 167,138,139 and 183 kJ/mol,respectively.For the stepwise pathway,the dehydration of methanol was found to be the rate-determining step with a free energy barrier of145 kj/mol,whereas the free energy barriers for the methylation of toluene at its para,meta,ortho and geminal positions were 127,105,106 and 114 kj/mol,respectively.Both pathways led to the formation of C8H11^＋ species as important intermediates,which could back-donate a proton to the zeolite framework via a reorientation process or form gaseous products through demethylation.Methane was formed via an intramolecular hydrogen transfer reaction from a ring carbon of the C8H11^＋ species to the carbon of the methyl group,with calculated energy barriers of 136,132 and134 kj/mol for the para,meta and ortho C8H11^＋ species,respectively.The calculated free energy barriers for the formation of para-,meta- and ortho-xylene indicated that the formation of the para-xylene had the highest energy barrier for both pathways.

Transcriptional and signaling regulation in neural crest stem cell-derived melanocyte development： do all roads lead to Mitf？

Human neurocristopathies include a number of syndromes, tumors, and dysmorphologies of neural crest （NC） stem cell derivatives. In recent years, many white spotting genes have been associated with hypopigmentary disorders and deafness in neurocristopathies resulting from NC stem cell-derived melanocyte deficiency during development. These include PAX3, SOX10, MITF, SNAI2, EDNRB, EDN3, KIT, and KITL. Recent studies have revealed surprising new insights into a central role of MITF in the complex network of interacting genes in melanocyte development. In this perspective, we provide an overview of some of the current findings and explore complex functional roles of these genes during NC stem cell-derived melanocyte development.

Influence of Solvent on Reaction Path to Synthesis of Methyl N-Phenyl Carbamate from Aniline, CO_2 and Methanol

Methyl N-phenyl carbamate(MPC), an important organic chemical, can be synthesized from aniline,CO2 and methanol. Catalyst Cu-Fe/ZrO2-SiO2 was first prepared and its catalytic performance for MPC synthesis was evaluated. Then the influence of solvent on the reaction path of MPC synthesis was investigated. It is found that the reaction intermediate is different with acetonitrile or methanol as a solvent. With acetonitrile as a solvent,the synthesis of MPC follows the reaction path with diphenyl urea as the intermediate, while with methanol as a solvent the reaction occurs via the reaction path with dimethyl carbonate as the intermediate. The catalytic mechanism of cooperative catalysis comprising metal sites, Lewis acid sites and Lewis base sites is proposed according to different reaction intermediates.

Eco-spatial Structure of Urban Agglomeration

In terms of ecological theory, this paper makes a comprehensive analysis of the mutualism and co- evolutionary mechanism between the eco-spatial structure and socio-economic development of the urban agglomeration, and maps out optimized modes of the eco-spatial structure of the urban agglomeration. The analysis is a case study of the urban agglomeration on different levels of global, national, provincial and local scales, on the basis of those conclusions are drawn: 1) Within the scope of the urban agglomeration, the cities should be reasonably sized and appropriately densified; the spatial combination of the urban agglomeration ought to be orderly, and its eco-spatial structure ought to be optimized and efficient; the relationship between the economic society and eco-spatial environment ought to be that of mutual benefit and co-evolution. 2) “The mode of corridor group network” is a certain trend evoked from the spatial structure of urban agglomeration. 3) The eco-spatial structure of urban agglomeration under “the mode of corridor group network” can further increase the environmental capacity of urban agglomeration, and is in favor of the harmonious relationship between man and nature.