游戏文化理论视域下的日本“生前葬”

近年来,日本“生前葬”逐渐走到大众视野,它是一个人在活着的时候为自己举行的独特的葬礼。它以葬礼之名举行并保持着一些葬礼的形式,却又打破了葬礼的肃穆气氛,是在根本上与葬礼完全不同的另一套仪式,可以作为一个特殊的民俗现象加以分析。在约翰·赫伊津哈游戏文化理论的指导下对“生前葬”仪式活动进行研究发现:首先,“生前葬”在对传统葬礼进行模仿、再现基础上发挥着游戏“对某样东西的再现”的文化功能;其次,“生前葬”具有自由、非日常性、自成目的性、时空的限定性、独自的绝对秩序、紧张特质、游戏圈子、神秘气息的游戏形式特征;最后,最重要的是作为游戏本质的乐趣也融入到了日本“生前葬”之中。

论金融机构的“生前遗嘱”制度

"生前遗嘱"制度是次贷危机后国际社会为解决金融机构"大而不倒"问题而推出的一项崭新法律措施,是指金融机构以自身面临倒闭为前提事先提交"生前遗嘱",处置当局以此为基础制定并在必要时实施处置计划,以促使机构恢复日常经营能力,或者实现部分业务功能分拆或机构整体有序关闭的制度安排。这一制度的有效实施,需要强化金融机构内部治理机制,规范分拆或重组;建立管理信息系统,促进信息共享;构建危机处置损失分摊机制,实现稳健处置。

民营银行“生前遗嘱”制度的法律构建

"生前遗嘱"制度是次贷危机后针对"大而不倒机构"产生的一项新的风险防范与处置制度。在金融稳定理事会和G20的推动下,该项制度已得到各国的普遍认可,并在主要金融市场国家的立法中得以确立。该项制度要求金融机构在正常经营期间就制定"恢复与处置计划",以保证发生危机的机构能够迅速恢复健康,为监管机构的处置措施提供基础,实现危机机构的有序处置。民营银行作为金融市场中的"风险自担"主体,以法律的形式确立"生前遗嘱"制度对其经营发展、风险防控、有序处置等具有重要意义。其内容具体包括明确民营银行"生前遗嘱"的法定目标与监管主体,确立民营银行"生前遗嘱"的制定与更新程序,建立民营银行"生前遗嘱"启动机制,完善民营银行的自救措施等。

析明仁天皇意欲“生前退位”的原因

明仁天皇希望"生前退位"的意向,给日本社会带来极大的震动。明仁成长于战争年代,是战后和平宪法下即位的第一位天皇。明仁天皇即位以来,一直坚持维护和平宪法,履行象征职能,发挥了日本天皇和皇室的特殊作用。明仁天皇希望"生前退位"主要是由于高龄化导致的健康原因等。虽然"生前退位"在法律和程序上都非常复杂,面临很多困难,但是明仁天皇希望可以借此建立更为符合现代的象征天皇制,保持皇室的稳定。

领导干部“生前事”与“身后名”的纠结与破解之道

领导干部的"生前事"决定了"身后名"。在把控二者关系上,领导干部易出现创造显绩与冒失犯错、维持潜绩与显绩有机平衡、为政以德与创造政绩三大纠结。破解此纠结,领导干部要牢固树立以人民为中心的思想,加强政德修炼,优化完善领导干部考核机制和任期机制,落实领导干部容错纠错机制。

Analysis of Monosaccharide Composition of Pu-erh Tea Polysaccaride by Pre-column Derivatization HPLC

[Objective] This study aimed to establish a pre-column derivatization HPLC method for the identification and analysis of monosaccharide composition of Pu-erh tea polysaccharide. [Method] Pu-erh tea polysaccharide was extracted using the wa- ter extraction method, further isolated and purified by DEAE cellulose-52 columns. The obtained tea polysaccharide and four components TPS1, TPS2, TPS3 and TPS, were first derived by 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone （PMP）, and then the PMP derivatives of monosaccharide were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatog- raphy （HPLC）. [Result] Pu-erh tea polysaccharide contained eight kinds of monosac- chaddes （mannose, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, grucose, galactose, arabinose, fucose）, without xylose; so it was the same with TPS1; each of TPS2, TPS3 and TPS4 contained seven monosaccharides, while no fucose. [Conclusion] This method is simplified and rapid, which can be used to determine the monosac- charide composition of Pu-erh tea polysaccharide and monosaccharide content.

Mesh Generation for Finite Element Analysis of Electric Machines

This paper describes two modified methods for triangular and quadrilateral meshing for finite element analysis of 2D electric machines. One is coupling the classic Delaunay method and advancing front method to generate optimal triangulation; the other is coupling the classic paving and Delaunay triangulation for optimal quadrilateral meshing. Various electric machine models are meshed successfully to demonstrate the robustness and effectiveness of the methods.

Embryogenesis of Polyembryonic Rice ApⅢ: Structural and Histochemical Studies of Egg Apparatus Around Fertilization

The structural and histochemical changes of the egg apparatus in the polyembryonic rice ( Oryza sativa L.), ApⅢ with the highest frequence of additional embryos among the polyembryonic rice investigated, before and after fertilization were studied and compared with those of normal and other polyembryonic rices in a similar developmental period. A total of 2 932 ovules were observed and each of them contained only a single embryo sac with a set of egg apparatus. Among 1 655 embryo sacs, there were 1 643 embryo sacs (99.27%) with one normal egg apparatus in each embryo sac, and only 12 embryo sacs (0.73%) from the remainder with 4_celled egg apparatus, i.e. two eggs and two synergids. Neither the numerous poly_egg apparatus and egg_like cells, nor the double set of embryo sacs each containing one egg apparatus and other abnormal egg apparatus in single ovary, which were reported by earlier investigators to have high frequency of embryo production in SB_1 and ApⅣ, were observed. The egg cell was located at the subterminal site of the micropylar end of embryo sac. The cytoplasm of egg cell was rich in protein materials and polysaccharide grains, which did not disappear until the division of zygote. The prominent nucleus was closely surrounded by protein and polysaccharide grains, which did not disappear until the division of zygote. No cytological difference was found between egg cells from the normal and abnormal egg apparatus. The two synergids were fully developed and situated at the upper most part of the micropylar end of the mature embryo sac. In most embryo sacs, the synergids were flask_shaped with longer necks, and a widened cap_shaped top, in close contact with the micropyle. The synergids had a well developed filiform apparatus. The characteristic appearance of the filiform apparatus as well as the cap_neck region of synergids before and after pollen tube penetration were easily distinguishable from the egg cell. The structure, the stainability with Coomassie Brilliant Blue and PAS reaction, the process of accumulation, distribution and disapperance of the cytoplasmic protein materials and polysaccharide grains of the two synergids, the persistent and rarely the receptive synergids before and after pollen tube penetration, were closely similar to those of egg cell of the same developmental stage. In comparison with normal and other polyembryonic rice reported, the size of nucleus and nucleolus and their stainability also strongly resembled those of egg cell. Based on the results observed, the main conclusions are summarized as follows: (1) the additional embryos very frequently developed in the young and mature seed of polyembryonic rice ApⅢ were produced by one or two synergids of normal egg apparatus, rarely by 4_celled egg apparatus; (2) during fertilization, the synergids, in addition to the natural specific function of introducing pollen tube and transferring sperms to egg cell and central cell, could be closely associated with the potentiality to breed one or two additional embryos; and (3) as compared with that of normal or other polyembryonic rice it is firstly disclosed that in a few embryo sacs of ApⅢ, the cytoplasmic and nuclear structure, the active anabolism and catabolism of protein and polysaccharide materials and the delayed disorganization at the mid_basal region of the receptive and persistent synergid still remained unchanged before the division of zygote. Such salient features could be the predisposition for the origin of additional embryos in ApⅢ.

Determination of Sulphonylurea Glimepiride in Dog Serum by RP-HPLC with Pre-column Derivatization

Aim A simple, sensitive and rapid RP HPLC method with pre column derivatization has been developed for the determination of sulphonylurea glimepiride in dog serum. Methods The sulphonylurea glimepiride was extracted from the dog serum using dichlromethane followed by derivatization with DNBF for 20 min at 100℃. The solvent was then evaporated at 60℃ under nitrogen, and the residue was taken up in 100 μL of mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile water (75∶30, v/v). The separation was performed on a Hypersil BDS C18 column with a flow rate of 0 8 mL·min -1 , and the ultraviolet detector wavelength was set at 350 nm. Results Extraction recovery ranged from 75.9% to 83.2%, and methodological recovery was between 96.5% and 109.3%. Within day RSD ranged from 1.5% to 6.3%, and inter day RSD was between 2 9% and 14.8%. The method showed good linearity (R=0.9998). Conclusion The method was simple, convenient and sensitive. The reaction of derivatization was reproducible.

A Pre-column Derivatization HPLC Method for the De-termination of Peimine and Peiminine in Bulbus Fritillar-iae

A pre-column derivatization HPLC method for the determination of peimine(P)and peiminine(PE)in Bulbus Fritillariae has been developed. Under the derivatization conditions optimized,the calibration curve is Y1=-3.83×103+1.33 ×105X1,r=0.998 for P and Y2=-7.86 × 102+6.33 × 104X2,r=0995 for PE,where Y is the peak area and X is the weight of the alkaloid; the average recovery is 98.0%(n=5, RSD=2.1%) for P and 101.0%(n=5,RSD=4.1%)for PE,the linear range is from 0.504 μg to 3.126μg for P and from 0.520μgto 3.328μgfor PE,respectively. Results of the determination of the two alkaloids in several samples of different Fritillaria species from various parts ofthe country are presented.The results suggest that P and PE are two major chemical constituents in bulbs of different Fritillaria species,and that the method developed is generally appli-cable to the determination of the hydroxy group on aliphatic fused ring systems without steric hin-drance.

HPLC Determination of Captopril in Human Plasma with Pre-column Derivation and Solid-phase Extraction and Studies on Its Pharmacokinetic and Relative Bioavailability

A new pre-column derivation HPLC method with solid-phase extraction to determine captopril in human plasma was established. Derivation products were extracted by a solid-phase extraction method after the reagent, p-a-dibromoacetophenone(p-BPB), was added in the plasma samples. The samples were analyzed in a VP-ODS column with UV-detector. The calibration curve of captopril was linear within the range of 5~1000 ngmL-1 with r=0.9987, the recovery of this method was 98.652.04%, within day and between day RSD were no more than 3.4% and 8.4% respectively. To study the pharmacokinetics and the relative bioavailability of captopril tablets, two formulations of captopril tablets were given to 18 healthy male volunteers according to a randomized 2-way cross-over design with a 1-week washout period. The respective AUC0~6 , Cmax and Tmax values of the two formulations were 424.5125.7 and 439.4113.3 mghL-1; 505.9244.6 and 504.8172.2 mgL-1; 0.6620.181 and 0.5280.176 h. Results from statistics analysis showed that there were no significant difference between the AUC0~6 , Cmax and Tmax values of the two formulations, The relative bioavailability of tablets I with respect to II was 96.114.6% from AUC0~6 measurement. Bioequivalance was observed between the two tablets.

The Progress on Abnormal Development Mechanism

What summarized in this paper is the progress in recent years' in the causdive mechanism on study of developmental toxicants as chemical teratogenesis in three aspects.(1) It is about the phenomena and the possible reason of chemical teratogenesis in the preimplantation period. These research results are contrary to the past traditional concepts. (2) Due to using much more molecular biology methods, it can be observed more dead foetus phenomena before birth, which cannot be done previously and are of great value for reference. (3) When analyzing the genetic reason of chemical abnormal, a new research idea may be showed, i.e. the developmental abnormal due to chemical teratogenesis is induced with association of more relative genes and their expression abnormal. 13 references are involved in.

Application of Computer Vision Technology in Agriculture

With the development of image processing technology and computer, computer vision technology has been widely used in the production of agriculture,and has made many important achievements. This paper reviews its-research progress on diagnosis of agricultural products, water diagnosis, weed identification,product quality testing and grading, agricultural picking and sorting and other as- pects, and finally put forward its existing problems and prospects for the future.

Effects of the profile of a supercavitating vehicle's front-end on supercavity generation

The authors designed three different front profiles for supercavitating vehicles based on cavity theory and the Granville streamlined equation are designed. Experiments were done using these front profiles in the Northwestern Polytechnical University high-speed water tunnel. The experiments indicated that the critical volume of gas required for supercavitation is affected by the axial distribution of the front-end＇s slope. The experimental data showed critical gas flow rates required for the three designs were less than rood-l, with the greatest decrease 24%. The experimental results also showed the supercavitation generation speeds of the models were faster than mod-1 by up to 32.4%. This verifies that the front profile of a supercaviting vehicle effects supercavity generation speed and critical gas flow rates. The smaller the changes in axial distribution of pressure, the higher the supercavity generation speed. The smaller the changes in curvature distribution of axial, the smaller the critical gas flow rates.

Influences of enteral nutrition combined with probiotics on gut microflora and barrier function of rats with abdominal infection

AIM： To investigate the influences of enteral, parenteral nutrition and probiotics delivered by gut on intestinal microecology, epithelial tight junctions, immune and barrier function of rats with abdominal infection. METHODS： Rat abdominal infection models established with cecal ligation and perforation method, were divided into three groups： parenteral nutrition （PN group, n = 7）, PN＋enteral nutrition （EN group, n = 7） and PN ＋ EN ＋ probiotics （probiotics group, n = 7） via the needle jejunostomy and neck vein for five days. The total nutritional supplement of the three groups was isonitrogenic and isocaloric. Probiotics was delivered by jejunostomy 10 mL/d （1 x 10^8 cfu/mL）. The rats were killed on the sixth day. The feces in the cecum were cultured for anaerobic bacterial growth and analyzed with bacterial group DNA fingerprint profile with random amplified polymorphic DNA. The transmembrane binding proteins （occludin） and IgA level in plasma cells of intestine epithelium in colon and terminal ileum were measured by an immunohistochemistry method. The ultrastructure of intestinal epithelial tight junctions in colon and small intestine was observed by electronmicroscopy. Vena cava blood and the homogenated tissue of liver, lung and mesenteric lymph nodes were cultured to determine the bacterial translocations, and endotoxin in the blood from portal vein was detected. RESULTS： （1） The amount of bacteria of gut species in EN group and probiotic group was higher than that in PN group. The DNA-proflles in EN group and probiotic group were similar to that of normal rats. The number of DNAprofiles in probiotics group was much more than that in PN group and EN group. Moreover, there were strange stripes in PN group. （2） The expression of occludin and IgA in the small and large intestine in EN group （2.309 ± 0.336, 15.440 ± 2.383） and probiotic group （2.938 ± 0.515, 16.230 ± 3.183） was improved as compared with PN group （1.207 ± 0.587, P 〈 0.05, 11.189 ± 2.108, P 〈 0.01）. The expression of occludin in probiotic group （intestine： 2.93 ± 0.515; cecum： 3.40 ± 0.617） was higher than that in EN group （intestine： 2.309 ± 0.336; cecum： 2.076 ± 0.670; P 〈 0.05）. The expression of IgA, especially in EN group （intestine： 15.440 ± 2.383） and probiotic EN group （large intestine： 12.516 ± 1.542） significantly increased as compared with PN group （intestine： 11.189 ± 2.108; cecum： 10.160 ± 1.643; P 〈 0.01）. The intestinal epithelial tight junctions and microvilli of the probiotic group were more intact than those in the PN group. （3） The bacterial translocations in blood, liver, lung and mesenteric lymph nodes, and the levels of endotoxin were significantly reduced in probiotic （0.082 ± 0.029） and EN （0.125 ± 0.040） groups as compared with PN group （0.403 ± 0.181, P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： Application of EN combined with probiotics could improve the expression of transmembrane binding proteins （occludin） and IgA, correct the intestinal flora disturbance, maintain gut barrier functions and tight junctions, and reduce the occurrence of gut bacterial translocation.

Integrated Assessment of Trapping Efficiency of Colored Sticky Cards and Sex Pheromone on Liriomyza spp.and Plutella xylostella

[Objective] To evaluate the control effect of yellow sticky cards and sex pheromone on Plutella xylostella and Liriomyza spp.,which can provide reference for large area extension of the technique.[Method] The integrated assessment of trapping efficiency of colored sticky cards and sex pheromone on Liriomyza spp.and Plutella xylostella was conducted by field surveys and structured interview in Tonghai County,Yunnan Province,China.[Result] The results showed that yellow sticky cards and sex pheromone have strong power of trapping Liriomyza spp.and Plutella xylostella（3 414±720 and（219±157） head/piece,respectively）;the control cost by the usage of pesticide is the highest,（10 099.5±2 752.5） yuan/hm^2,yellow sticky cards and sex pheromone takes the second place,（1 125.0±465.0） yuan/hm^2,the control cost by the usage of yellow sticky cards is the lowest,（450.0 ±186.0）yuan/hm^2.Without the usage of yellow sticky cards and sex pheromone,pesticide application times and costs are（15.0±2.7） times and（12 070.5±2 136.0） yuan/hm^2;combined with usage of yellow sticky cards and sex pheromone,pesticide application times and costs reduce by 5.7 times and 4 618.5 yuan/hm^2.The ratio of trapped beneficial insects and target pests was 1 ∶1 131,which showed that the negative effect of yellow sticky cards and sex pheromone on the non-target insects was very limited.[Conclusion] The trapping approach has become popular among all the local farmers.Looking at the above factors,the trapping technology has strong application prospect and promotion value in pest control field.

Role of probiotics,prebiotics and synbiotics in chemoprevention for colorectal cancer

Colorectal cancer is the third most common form of cancer.Current treatments are all associated with a high risk of complications and a low success rate.Recently,synbiotics have been proposed as a new preventive and therapeutic option.There is no direct experimental evidence for cancer suppression in humans as a result of the consumption of pro-,pre-or synbiotics.However,there is a wealth of evidence emerging from laboratory studies.The mechanisms by which pro-,pre-and synbiotics may inhibit colon cancer are now beginning to be understood and will be addressed in the present review.

民营银行“恢复与处置计划”的理论基础与完善路径

制定"恢复与处置计划"是设立民营银行的一项基本要求。本文运用立法的"成本—收益"分析方法,论证了民营银行"恢复与处置计划"存在的合理性和必要性。分析表明,目前"恢复与处置计划"存在规定较为原则、缺乏功能评估机制、市场退出配套制度不健全、披露机制不明确等不足,会制约该制度功效的发挥。在此基础,本文提出通过制定"恢复与处置计划"框架及指导细则、加强"恢复与处置计划"与地方政府风险处置机制的对接协调、完善金融机构市场退出配套制度建设以及健全"恢复与处置计划"信息披露机制等,改进优化民营银行"恢复与处置计划"制度。

Effect of a fermented milk containing Bifidobacterium lactis DN-173010 on Chinese constipated women

AIM: To investigate the effect of a fermented milk containing Bifidobacterium lactis DN-173010 and yogurt strains (BIO) on adult women with constipation in Beijing.METHODS: A total of 135 adult females with constipation were randomly allocated to consume for 2 wk either 100 g of the test fermented milk or 100 g of an acidified milk containing non-living bacteria (control).Stool frequency,defecation condition scores,stool consistency and food intake were recorded at baseline and after 1 and 2 wk in an intention-to-treat population of 126 subjects.In parallel,safety evaluation parameters were performed.RESULTS: At baseline,no differences were found between groups.Following consumption of test product,stool frequency was significantly increased after 1 wk (3.5 ± 1.5 vs 2.4 ± 0.6,P < 0.01) and 2 wk (4.1 ± 1.7 vs 2.4 ± 0.6,P < 0.01),vs baseline.Similarly,after 1 and 2 wk,of test product consumption,defecation condition (1.1 ± 0.9 vs 1.9 ± 1.2,P < 0.01 and 0.8 ± 1.0 vs 1.9 ± 1.2,P < 0.01,respectively) and stool consistency (1.0 ± 0.8 vs 1.5 ± 1.1,P < 0.01 and 0.6 ± 0.8 vs 1.5 ± 1.1,P < 0.01,respectively) were significantly improved.Compared with the control group,stool frequency was also significantly increased (3.5 ± 1.5 vs 2.5 ± 0.9,P < 0.01 and 4.1 ± 1.7 vs 2.6 ± 1.0,P < 0.01,respectively),and defecation condition (1.1 ± 0.9 vs 1.6 ± 1.1,P < 0.01 and 0.8 ± 1.0 vs 1.6 ± 1.1,P < 0.01,respectively) and stool consistency (1.0 ± 0.8 vs 1.4 ± 1.0,P < 0.05 and 0.6 ± 0.8 vs 1.3 ± 1.0,P < 0.01,respectively) significantly decreased after 1 and 2 wk of product consumption.During the same period,food intake did not change between the two groups,and safety parameters of the subjects were within normal ranges.CONCLUSION: This study suggests a beneficial effect of a fermented milk containing B.lactis DN-173010 on stool frequency,defecation condition and stool consistency in adult women with constipation constipated women after 1 and 2 wk of consumption.

Role of a probiotic (Saccharomyces boulardii) in management and prevention of diarrhoea

AIM： To assess the efficacy and safety of Saccharomyces boulardii （S. boulardii） in acute watery diarrhoea and its role in reducing the frequency of episodes of diarrhoea in subsequent two months. METHODS： Children from 2 mo to 12 years of age, with acute diarrhoea were selected according to inclusion criteria and randomised in S. boulardii group （treated with ORS, nutritional support and S. boulardii, 250 mg bid） and in control group （treated with ORS and nutritional support only）. Active treatment phase was 5 d and each child was followed for two months afterwards. Frequency and consistency of stools as well as safety of drug was assessed on every visit. A comparison of two groups was done in terms of number of diarrhoeal episode in subsequent two months. RESULTS： There were fifty patients in each group. Baseline characteristics such as mean age and the average frequency of stools were comparable in S. boulardii and control group at the time of inclusion in the trial. By d 3 it reduced to 2.7 and 4.2 stools per d respectively and by d 6 it reduced to 1.6 （5. boulardii Group） and 3.3 （control group）. The duration of diarrhoea was 3.6 d in S. boulardii group whereas it was 4.8 d in control group （P = 0.001）. In the following two months, S. boulardii group had a significantly lower frequency of 0.54 episodes as compared to 1.08 episodes in control group. The drug was well accepted and tolerated. There were no reports of the side effects during treatment period CONCLUSION： S. boulardii significantly reduces the frequency and duration of acute diarrhoea. The consistency of stool also improves. The drug is well-tolerated.