建好区域中小学心育“生态圈”——以南京市栖霞区为例

南京市栖霞区基于区域学校心育实际,秉承教育生态理念,通过机制引导、科研引领、培训激励、活动推进等形式,建构中小学心育"生态圈",旨在提升师生幸福感和获得感。

关于聚力培育服务业“生态圈”的路径探究

党的十九届五中全会提出,要推进产业基础高级化、产业链现代化,提高经济质量效益和核心竞争力。围绕产服一体,完善服务业供应链管理、流程再造和精益服务,培育建立由单一服务向提供全过程服务、由一般服务向综合性服务转变的服务业“生态圈”,对带动经济高质量发展,优化产业体系,实现产业现代化,具有深远和现实意义。本文选取威海市作为研究对象,探究聚力培育服务业“生态圈”的路径。

基于校企合作的“广谱式”创新创业教育模式研究

2015年5月国务院办公厅印发了《关于深化高等学校创新创业教育改革的实施意见》,"广谱式"创新创业教育模式成为高校创新创业教育发展的新趋势。为解决教育资源匮乏、与专业教育脱节、重理论轻实践的创新创业教育现状,本文构建了基于校企合作的"广谱式"创新创业教育"生态圈"模式,通过创新创业慕课平台、创新创业实验室、创新创业孵化园三者之间的互动反馈机制,形成个性化、分层次、阶梯式的创新创业教育生态系统,实现共享创新创业教育资源、扩大创新创业教育覆盖面、强化创新创业实践、促进创新创业教育与专业教育融合的目标。

作业改革促进学生核心素养的生成

作业是保障教学质量的关键一环。随着中小学教学改革的持续推进,在作业改革方面取得了有目共睹的实践与理论成果。但实践层面仍存在诸如作业设计出发点单一,多以“知识本位”为目的,强调对知识的记忆;作业形式单一,多以书面形式呈现;作业评价标准单一,多以等级区分的现象。面对以上情况,我们深入到学生中,通过课堂观察、作业评析调研问卷的方法,搜集学生学习过程中遇到的实际问题,分析学生学习需求和学习困难,找准教学难点和学生生长点,从学生成长需要出发,努力构建一个作业“生态圈”,把原有作业重视课后强化的单一功能拓展为课上优化、课后深化、个性化等多种功能。努力将作业从原本的学习“强化剂”升级为推动学生主动学习的“内驱力”。将作业中的知识由“内容之知”走向“方法之知”和“意义之知”。

基于“五力协同”的一体化稽核管理生态圈建设

近年来,国网山东省电力公司不断探索建立专业化、智能化、规范化的财务监督体系,持续强化财务风险管控。但随着内外部业务环境的变化,新的运营及财务风险仍伴随而生,同时,企业内部专业管理衔接不畅,部门壁垒仍未消除,对财务风险的管控存在断点和盲区,致使一些基础问题屡查屡改、屡改屡犯,有效运行受到阻碍,给企业未来持续、健康发展带来新的挑战。为此,山东公司结合近年来管理会计思维转变与应用实践,不断创新管理手段,直面潜在风险与特定“顽疾”,综合运用风险防控工具,持续推进业财协同建设,提高风险识别能力,多维度精准施策,打造一体化财务稽核“生态圈”。

基于“五力协同”的一体化稽核管理生态圈建设

近年来,国网山东省电力公司不断探索建立专业化、智能化、规范化的财务监督体系,持续强化财务风险管控。但随着内外部业务环境的变化,新的运营及财务风险仍伴随而生,同时,企业内部专业管理衔接不畅,部门壁垒仍未消除,对财务风险的管控存在断点和盲区,致使一些基础问题屡查屡改、屡改屡犯,有效运行受到阻碍,给企业未来持续、健康发展带来新的挑战。为此,山东公司结合近年来管理会计思维转变与应用实践,不断创新管理手段,直面潜在风险与特定"顽疾",综合运用风险防控工具,持续推进业财协同建设,提高风险识别能力,多维度精准施策,打造一体化财务稽核"生态圈"。

ON EVOLUTION OF MAN-LAND SYSTEM IN OASIS-Taking Minqin Basin as a Case

Human beings have had a tremendous i mpact on natural ecosystems and are n ow the principal power to change the biosphere.It is logical t hat we should pay close attention to t he interaction between human system s and environ-mental systems.Taking Minqin basin,Gansu Province,as a case,this paper focuses on the evolution of regional physi-cal environments and the cultural sy stems by which people maintain their relationships with those environme nts.This pa-per presents the conceptual framewo rk for the man-land system.Expectin g to accelerate the regional sustain able develop-ment,it also analyses the evolution ary mechanism of regional man-land s ystem.On the basis of reviewing and a nalyzing the evolution of man-land system in Minqin basin,the paper also brings fo rward an adjusting mode for the studi ed area,which consists of three aspects:to b uild up a concept that economic growt h must harmonize with environmental quality’s and land productivity’s improvemen t;to make a whole planning and management in the drainage area;and to push for-ward the technique of water-saving i rrigation and establish water-saving agricultural system.It’s meanin gful for resource exploitation and sustainable development of Chinese northwestern arid area,which is represented by Minqin basin,by under-standing what great changes the basin has experienced and is experiencin g at the global background,and studying its time order and territorial structure,th e system’s character and law of evolu tion,trend and the regulating ways t o improve man-land relationship.

Modeling water and carbon fluxes above summer maize field in North China Plain with back-propagation neural networks

In this work, datasets of water and carbon fluxes measured with eddy covariance technique above a summer maize field in the North China Plain were simulated with artificial neural networks (ANNs) to explore the fluxes responses to local environmental variables. The results showed that photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), vapor pressure deficit (VPD), air temperature (T) and leaf area index (LAI) were primary factors regulating both water vapor and carbon dioxide fluxes. Three-layer back-propagation neural networks (BP) could be applied to model fluxes exchange between cropland surface and atmosphere without using detailed physiological information or specific parameters of the plant.

Pedosphere and Its Effect on Global Changes

With development of modern geoscience, particularly development of environmental sciences, the contemporary soil science is undergoing great changes in both research contents and scope. Soil is not onlya certain substance or a certain independent natural historical body but also a spheric layer with peculiarstructure and functions in the earth system. From the viewpoint of the geo-biosphere system of earth, soilscience does deal not only with the soil substances per se but also more importantly with the relationshipsamong soil, the other spheres and the human survival environment in view of the "pedosphere". This is thenew orientation of soil science today and will affect profoundly the studies on the human survival environmentand global changes. To throw more light on this subject, the present paper intends to address the conceptionof pedosphere and its role in global changes. Also addressed are series of environmental issues in China andtheir relations to the global changes. Moreover, research orientation and priorities are indicated, includingexploitation and protection of the soil resources, soil fertility and sustainable agricultural development, construction of the ecological environment, and the material cycling in pedosphere and its relation to globalchanges.

Travel Motivation of Domestic Tourists to the Changbai Mountain Biosphere Reserve in Northeastern China: A Comparative Study

This article seeks to develop a fuller understanding of the social and attraction motives of domestic tourists who visit the Changbai Mountain Biosphere Reserve(CMBR) in Northeastern China. To do so, ecotourists are compared to general travelers visiting this area. A questionnaire was employed to collect data on visitor characteristics and motivations, responses to which were then analyzed via descriptive statistics, T-tests and principal component factor analysis. Results showed that 16% of the visitors to this area were classified as ecotourists, while the remainder general travelers. Five motivations displayed significant differences(P<0.05) between these two types of tourists. Three social motives – boosting self-confidence, feeling at home away from home and being together with family – and two attraction motives – indoor sports and viewing unique landscapes of the CMBR(crater lake, waterfall, gorge and hot spring) – were significantly more important for general travelers(P<0.05); while two social motives of experiencing the tranquility of the natural setting and the natural beauty of the landscape were relatively more important for ecotourists(P<0.1). Results suggest that ecotourists have distinct and complicated attraction and social motives compared to general travelers visiting the CMBR. Results have useful implications for researchers interested in tourist motivations and behavior, as well as for managers who wish to focus their marketing strategies more effectively. National Park of South Africa. Uysal et al.(1994) assessed the travel motives of Australian tourists to U.S. national parks and nature areas and formed five groupings including ‘relaxation/hobbies', ‘novelty', ‘enhancement of kinship relationship', ‘escape', and ‘prestige'. Tao et al.(2004) analyzed motivations of Asian tourists travelling to Taiwan's Taroko National Park using a self-defined approach and found that the most significant benefits sought by self-defined ecotourists are ‘learning about nature' and ‘participating in recreation activities'. Beh and Bruyere(2007) analyzed visitor motivations in three Kenyan national reserves, identifying the three most prominent kinds of tourists as escapers, learners and spiritualists. Pan and Ryan(2007) used factor analysis to reveal five motivational dimensions –‘relaxation', ‘social needs', ‘a sense of belonging', ‘mastery skills', and ‘intellectual needs' – of visitors to the Pirongia Forest Park in New Zealand. Kruger and Saayman(2010) did a comparative study on travel motivations of tourists to Kruger and Tsitsikamma National Parks in South Africa and found that common motives of tourists were ‘escape and relaxation' as well as ‘knowledge seeking', ‘nostalgia' and ‘park attributes'. Despite these efforts, on an overall basis past literature on why visitors travel to national parks and nature areas is still rather limited. In China, a number of empirical studies on tourist motivations have been conducted since the early 1990s(Chen and Miao 2006; Dong 2011; Huang et al. 2011; Jeffrey and Xie 1994; Lu 1997; Ma et al. 2013; Zhang 2012). Some studies have focused on motivations of visitors to nature reserves(Li 2007), geological parks(Chen and Qiao 2010), world heritage sites(Su et al. 2005), and seismic memorial sites(Tang 2014). However, most previous research findings on tourist motivations are not comparable, reflecting the fact that visitors to different parks have quite different motives due to the attributes of particular destinations, the geographic locations of these parks, types of available activities, marketing strategies, and the complexity of travel motives(Chen and Qiao 2010; Pan and Ryan 2007). While it is true that certain motivations were shared in varying degrees by most tourists to these places – i.e., ‘appreciating natural landscapes', ‘family and education', ‘social needs', and ‘perceived prestige of visit' – most previous research has not focused on natural settings as destinations. Thus travel motivations of tourists to these areas must be further explored and clarified in relation to impacts on particular natural areas and patterns of market segmentation. As one of the earliest and largest natural reserves established in China, the Changbai Mountain Biosphere Reserve(CMBR) has long been a draw not only for domestic tourists but also for international visitors, and tourism to the area has been growing steadily since 1980. With the number of visitors to the reserve having climbed to 2.44 million in 2010(Statistical Communiqué of the Changbai Mountain Protection and Development Zone of Jilin Province 2011), it has become imperative for local government officials and reserve wardens to understand tourists' desires and interests when identifying tourism development opportunities. However, the existing literature still suffers from a lack of empirical studies that investigate why people travel to the CMBR and whether tourist motives differ between groups such as ecotourists and general travelers. The target population for this study consists of domestic visitors to the CMBR. The goals of this research include:(1) to identify the social and attraction motives of domestic tourists that influence decisions to visit the CMBR;(2) to explore whether there are any differences between the motivations of these two types of tourists; and(3) to provide some useful management implications for local government and tourism marketers.

Building an Ecological Civilization in China： Towards a Practice Based Learning Approach

The adoption by the 18th Congress of the Communist Party of China in November 2012 of a policy on ecological civilization is a landmark event for the nation and the world community. China＇s vision for building an ecological civilization is comprehensive, multi-sectoral and systemic and is intended to direct and balance progress among ecological, economic, social, cultural and political dimensions of change. Some on-going efforts and potential future activities that meet China＇s vision of an ecological civilization are described. Establishment of dedicated ecological civilization areas for experimenting with legal, regulatory and administrative incentives that would facilitate the march towards the ideal is encouraged. Chinese biosphere reserves which are designated with the explicit aim of building harmony between humans and nature would be suitable candidates for designing and developing such dedicated ecological civilization areas.

Soil Microbial Activity and Functional Diversity in Primeval Beech Forests

Virgin forests are unique ecosystems, which can be used as etalon for basic biocoenotic investigation. Soil microorganisms are very sensitive reagents on influence of biotical factors, and at the same time are the active producers of phytotoxic and phytostimulating exometabolites. Studies of soil microbiota were conducted in virgin beech forests of Shyrokoluzhansky massif of the Carpathian Biosphere Reserve. It was found the ratio and the number of different ecological-trophic groups of soil microorganisms changes with altitude. So the number of ammonificators with increasing of altitude above sea level was reduced. The soil at altitude of 1,100 meters above sea level was characterized by minimum content of organotrophes -1.22 × 10^6 （CFU-colony forming units/lg.a.d.s.）. At the altitude of 500 meters content of ammonificators increased at six times and was 7.07 ×10^6 CFU/lg.a.d.s., which indicates to accumulation of the soil organic matter. Similar changes occurred with the number of bacteria which are using mineral forms of nitrogen for their nutrition. Their maximum quantity （4.32 × 10^6 CFU/lg.a.d.s.） was in the soil of biotope disposed at altitude of 500 meters above sea level. Fluctuations in the number of soil micromycetes of virgin forest ecosystems have not been as significant as the bacterial microbiota （within 17 ×10^3-28 × 10^3 CFU/lg.a.d.s.）. Among a wide spectrum of bacterial microbiota were isolated strains with high phytostimulating action.

Evaluation on Cultivated Land Resource Ecological Service Value in Wuhan Metropolitan Area

The land ecosystem service function value contains the gas regulating function value, air purification function value, water conservation value, land conser-vation value, soil nutrient conservation value and maintain biodiversity value. Based on the method of market value and the data of Hubei Statistical yearbook, cultivat-ed land resources of ecosystem service function value is 730 038.69Mil ion in 2007-2009, and 714 774.99 Mil ion in 2010-2012 in Wuhan Metropolitan Area. After three years of development, Wuhan Metropolitan Area of ecological value of cultivated land has increased by about 3.97%. From the point of each composition, the im-portance of gas regulating function of cultivated land resources and water conserva-tion function is the forefront. From the point of spatial distribution, the highest of annual average value of the cultivated land ecological was Huanggang （1.725 bil ion yuan）, the lowest was Ezhou （217.868 6 mil ion yuan） in 2010-2012. From the point of space changes, the land ecological value increased only in Qianjiang city, while farmland ecological value in other cities was fal ing The conclusion is of direc-tive significance to the regional land protection policy and the farmland reasonable distribution, for Wuhan Metropolitan Area and other areas.

做好全媒体时代的“把关人”

全媒体时代,导向、舆情、差错等方面的把关比以往任何时候都重要,采编发链条上的每个岗位、工种都应是"把关人"。在舆论生态、媒体格局、传播方式深刻变化的复杂环境下,该把哪些关?谁来把关?如何把好关?需要一一破解。

Mass extinction and Pangea integration during the Paleozoic-Mesozoic transition

The greatest Phanerozoic mass extinction happened at the end-Permian to earliest Triassic. About 95% species, 82% genera, and more than half families became extinct, constituting the sole macro-mass extinction in geological history. This event not only caused the great extinction but also destroyed the 200 Myr-long Paleozoic marine ecosystem, prompted its transition to Mesozoic ecosystem, and induced coal gap on land as well as reef gap and chert gap in ocean. The biotic crisis during the Paleozoic-Mesozoic transition was a long process of co-evolution between geospheres and biosphere. The event sequence at the Permian-Triassic boundary （PTB） reveals two-episodic pattern of rapidly deteriorating global changes and biotic mass ex- tinction and the intimate relationship between them. The severe global changes coupling multiple geospheres may have affect- ed the Pangea integration on the Earth＇s surface spheres, which include： the Pangea integration→enhanced mountain height and basin depth, changes of wind and ocean current systems; enhanced ocean basin depth→the greatest Phanerozoic regression at PTB, disappearance of epeiric seas and subsequent rapid transgression; the Pangea integration→thermal isolation effect of continental lithosphere and decrease of mid-ocean ridges→development of continental volcanism; two-episode volcanism causing LIPs of the Emeishan Basalt and the Siberian Trap （25%251 Ma）→global warming and mass extinction; continental aridification and replacement of monsoon system by latitudinal wind system→destruction of vegetation; enhanced weathering and CH4 emission→negative excursion of δ^13C; mantle plume→crust doming→regression; possible relation between the Illawarra magnetic reversal and the PTB extinction, and so on. Mantle plume produced the Late Permian LIPs and mantle convection may have caused the process of the Pangea integration. Subduction, delamination, and accumulation of the earth＇s cool lithospheric material at the ＂D＂ layer of CMB started mantle plume by heat compensation and disturbed the outer core ther- too-convection, and the latter in turn would generate the mid-Permian geomagnetic reversal. These core and mantle perturbations may have caused the Pangea integration and two successive LIPs in the Permian, and probably finally the mass extinction at the PTB.

Review on Eco-tourism Development Modes of Biosphere Reserves in China

Based on the analysis of the current situation and existing problems in the development of eco- tourism carried out by biosphere reserves in China, this paper discussed the development of global biosphere reserve and a set of development criteria about eco-tourism. According to the current tourism development of Baotianman Biosphere Reserve, a development mode for eco-tourism was gotten , in which such aspects as the function division, development process, establishment of facility, constitution of organization, community participation and sustainable management of biosphere reserve were taken into account,and theestablishment ofpubliceducation and environmentalprotection facility were considered as a vital characteristic of eco-tourism of biosphere reserves.