基于学分银行的继续教育“生态纪”及其构建

进入新时代,继续教育的高质量发展备受关注。学分银行以一种全新制度嵌入继续教育的人才培养中,学习者与继续教育办学机构、用人机构的关系被重构。基于“生态纪”理念,借鉴组织生态理论,构建学分银行的继续教育“生态纪”模型,即以学习者为核心,通过学分银行“框架+标准+学习生态圈”的形式汇聚起人才培养、人才使用和人才成长的过程,优化继续教育生态系统的运行效率。分析该模型下的代谢机制、汇聚与整合机制、协同共生网络机制,并从顶层设计、成本分担、有效激励、系统分工和质量保证等方面提出学分银行推进继续教育“生态纪”的整体实施路径。

“生态纪”思想:人类可持续发展的新思维

“生态纪”思想的提出 ,给人类的可持续发展带来了希望和可能。“生态纪”是继地球的古生代、中生代、新生代之后的一个时代纪元。要在宇宙过程的广泛背景之下 ,理解人的可生存性和危机的严峻性。“生态纪”就意味着创造性的生机 ,创造性是“生态纪”的动力 ,也决定了“生态纪”的必然与可能。

托马斯·柏励的“生态纪”思想

"生态纪"(Ecozoic)是美国文化史学家托马斯·柏励(Thomas Berry)独创的概念,用来标明地球生命演进史中正在来临的新阶段.他认为,产生人类的新生代正在终结,地球生命的历史将进入所有生命以相互增强方式存在的生态纪.人类若要避免在地球上永远消失,就必须从目前以人类为中心的生存方式转向与所有生命共同增强的生存方式,他称这一转变为"伟大的事业".

Discovery of Tanichthys albonubes Lin 1932 (Cyprinidae) on Hainan Island,and Notes on Its Ecology

A wild population of the globally restricted and highly threatened freshwater fish Tanichthys albonubes Lin was recently discovered on Hainan Island, China. Prior to the present study, native populations were only known from isolated pockets in Guangdong Province of China and Quang Ninh Province of Vietnam; the Hainan record thus represents the first insular and southernmost distribution of this little-known species. Thus far it is known only from a single site in Hainan, despite repeated surveys of similar habitats throughout the island. The Hainan population occurs in a clean, sluggish coastal stream with abundant hydrophytes, and is sympatric with 20 fish species. Due to the unique geographic distribution of the Hainan population, and the conservation significance of the species, studies of its phylogenetic relationships with conspecifics populations elsewhere are underway. The exact locality of the newly discovered Hainan population cannot be revealed, but relevant government authorities have been notified and we are working to protect the site.

Survey and Research the Ecology Development of Red Tourism Souvenirs Industry

Ecological development of tourist souvenir industry is to improve the red tourism ecological environment,which is an important measure to promote the sustainable development of the industry. This paper takes Shaoshan as the object of analysis, from the ecological level of Shaoshan red tourism souvenirs, the production process and manufacturing process, theme selector, quality and functional design, market operation, recycling of resources and ecological consumption behavior etc. It analyzes the existing problems of the ecological development of Shaoshan red tourism souvenirs, on this basis, it puts forward measures and suggestions of promoting the ecological development of Shaoshan red tourism souvenirs.

China's Sloping Land Conversion Program at the Beginning of 21st Century and Its Habitat Suitability in Typical Region of Loess Plateau

自1999年我国开始试行以"退耕还林"工程为主的生态退耕以来,到目前已历时十年。特别是进入21世纪,工程实施强度较大,因此从国家尺度上进行宏观生态退耕格局的分析对于评估生态退耕政策和确定未来政策导向具有重要意义。本研究以TM遥感监测的土地利用变化数据库为基础分析2000-2005年生态退耕的时空格局。在此基础上,以黄土高原典型地区陕西中北部为研究区,采用生态位适宜度评价模型探讨了生态退耕工程实施的合理性。研究结果表明:(1)2000-2005年间,生态退耕主要集中在中国中部地区,尤其是在黄河和长江的中上游地区,生态退耕面积与建设占用面积基本持平。在各生态类型区中,黄土高原土壤侵蚀区生态退耕面积最大,达到了1162.50km^2,主要用于还林;(2)整体看来,研究区内生态退耕的空间格局是合理的,即适宜性越差的耕地退耕比例越大。从退耕区域的适宜性水平来看,有77.35%的地区属于勉强适宜区,其中退为林地的面积为603.32km^2,退为草地的面积为528.94km^2。整个研究区内前者大于后者。然而,退耕地中仍有19.38%属于中度适宜区,原因可能来自于退耕指标分配等管理因素,另外,当地农民外出务工从而将中等适宜度的耕地退耕。结果表明,当前仍有大面积不适宜和勉强适宜的耕地存在,在未来工程实施过程区应该首先考虑该类地区。

Blooming of bacteria and algae is a biokiller for mass-extinction of Devonian coral-stromatoporoid reef ecosystems

Studies of rock slices showed that there were many kinds of symbioses between bacteria and algae and corals-stromatoporoids in the coral-stromatoporoid reefs from the Devonian Ganxi section of Sichuan and the Dushan section of Guizhou in South China. They included encrustations, microborings, bioclaustration, etc. In the host corals-stromatoporoids invaded by bacteria and algae were many residues of dead soft issue in the infected parts, where the skeletal structures were injured. Therefore, we considered there were direct interactions between corals-stromatoporoids and bacteria and algae in coral-stromatoporoid reefs, which included that bacteria and algae blocked growth of corals-stromatoporoids and the latter had the ability of self-healing. And the bacteria and algae usually was the active side. In the Middle Devonian with normal seawater condition, corals and stromatoporoids had the ability to resist the invasion of bacteria and algae, and the host coral-stromatoporoids would not be killed; but in the Late Devonian with deterioration of seawater quality, the ability of bacteria and algae infection increased while corals-stromatoporoids' ability to resist infection declined, and therefore the host corals-stromatoporoids would be dead. Hence we suggested that the invading of bacteria and algae was a possible biokiller for mass-extinction of the Devonian coral-stromatoporoid reefs ecosystem. Beyond that, blooming of bacteria and algae and its triggering cumulative environmental effects played an important role in the reduction and extinction of metazoan in the Late Devonian. Furthermore, it can be used as a useful example to learn the trend and the reasons for the disease and decrease of modern coral reefs.

The shift of biogeochemical cycles indicative of the progressive marine ecosystem collapse across the Permian-Triassic boundary:An analog to modern oceans

Global warming,the most severe faunal mass extinction and the shift of biogeochemical cycles were observed in the ocean across the Permian-Triassic boundary about 252 million years ago,providing an analog to understanding the modern oceans.Along with the progressive global warming,the biogeochemical cycle was documented to show a shift from the decoupled processes of carbon,nitrogen and sulfur prior to the mass extinction to the coupled biogeochemical processes during faunal mass extinction.The coupled biogeochemical cycle was further observed to shift from the coupled C-N processes during the first episode of the faunal mass extinction to the coupled C-N-S processes during the second episode,diagnostic of the progressive development of more deteriorated marine environmental conditions and the more severe biotic crisis across the Permian-Triassic boundary.The biogeochemical cycles could thus be an indication to the progressive collapse of marine ecosystems triggered by the global warming in Earth history.In modern oceans,the coupled C-N cycle triggered by the global warming was observed in some regions.If these local C-N processes develop and expand to the global oceans,the coupled C-N-S processes might be brought into existence and the marine ecosystems are inevitable to suffer from complete collapse as observed at 252 million years ago.

Mass extinction and Pangea integration during the Paleozoic-Mesozoic transition

The greatest Phanerozoic mass extinction happened at the end-Permian to earliest Triassic. About 95% species, 82% genera, and more than half families became extinct, constituting the sole macro-mass extinction in geological history. This event not only caused the great extinction but also destroyed the 200 Myr-long Paleozoic marine ecosystem, prompted its transition to Mesozoic ecosystem, and induced coal gap on land as well as reef gap and chert gap in ocean. The biotic crisis during the Paleozoic-Mesozoic transition was a long process of co-evolution between geospheres and biosphere. The event sequence at the Permian-Triassic boundary （PTB） reveals two-episodic pattern of rapidly deteriorating global changes and biotic mass ex- tinction and the intimate relationship between them. The severe global changes coupling multiple geospheres may have affect- ed the Pangea integration on the Earth＇s surface spheres, which include： the Pangea integration→enhanced mountain height and basin depth, changes of wind and ocean current systems; enhanced ocean basin depth→the greatest Phanerozoic regression at PTB, disappearance of epeiric seas and subsequent rapid transgression; the Pangea integration→thermal isolation effect of continental lithosphere and decrease of mid-ocean ridges→development of continental volcanism; two-episode volcanism causing LIPs of the Emeishan Basalt and the Siberian Trap （25%251 Ma）→global warming and mass extinction; continental aridification and replacement of monsoon system by latitudinal wind system→destruction of vegetation; enhanced weathering and CH4 emission→negative excursion of δ^13C; mantle plume→crust doming→regression; possible relation between the Illawarra magnetic reversal and the PTB extinction, and so on. Mantle plume produced the Late Permian LIPs and mantle convection may have caused the process of the Pangea integration. Subduction, delamination, and accumulation of the earth＇s cool lithospheric material at the ＂D＂ layer of CMB started mantle plume by heat compensation and disturbed the outer core ther- too-convection, and the latter in turn would generate the mid-Permian geomagnetic reversal. These core and mantle perturbations may have caused the Pangea integration and two successive LIPs in the Permian, and probably finally the mass extinction at the PTB.