小学数学“生本化”作业设计

作业是检验学生知识掌握能力的重要工具.在新课改背景下,“生本化”的作业形式应运而生,它的出现改变了传统的教学模式,打破了学生对作业的惯有思维,也让学生感受到了不同的作业形式,对学生自身的思考创新和探索实践能力的培养和提高有显著的促进作用.基于此,文章阐述了“生本化”作业在小学数学课堂教学中实施的重要性,并提出了自选式作业、游戏型作业、创造性作业、动手型作业、观察型作业、情境型作业的“生本化”作业课堂设计的方式.

城乡教育一体化背景下的小学数学“生本化”教研模式创新探索

城乡教育一体化为我国乡村的教育发展提供了优良的契机,小学数学是占有重要地位的基础性学科,对于学生的学习和发展有着重要的意义,小学数学教学的专业素养水平直接决定了学生的数学学习质量。由此,在城乡教育一体化的大背景之下,笔者对小学数学的“生本化”教研模式进行了深入的探索和研究,以期通过提升城乡教师的教研质量,促进城乡小学数学教师专业素养的提升,为学生的学习、成长保驾护航。

对语文文本“师本化”、“生本化”的思考

语文课堂中"教什么"是远比"怎么教"更重要、更须先行解决的问题。对语文文本"师本化"、"生本化"的思考,就是在探讨教师"教什么"、学生"学什么"的问题。

以生为本 重在实效——例谈“生本化”教学流程设计

“生本化”教学流程设计是以学生直接经验和感受为基础,通过预学→自学→助学→悟学→固学5大步骤对教学活动的各个环节进行周密的部署,其重视对学生问题意识的培养,关注学生的认知结构、学习需求,注重从学生已有的生活经验出发,发挥学生的学习潜能,促进学生主动发展,实现可能条件下的教学过程,使效益最优化.

构建“生本化”课堂 提高初中政治课堂的有效性

生本课堂首先是营造了浸润着民主、平等、激励和谐的人文课堂环境。新课程倡导的自主学习、合作学习、探究性学习,都是以学生的积极参与为前提,没有学生的积极参与,就不可能有自主、探究、合作学习。实践证明,学生参与课堂教学的积极性,参与的深度与广度,直接影响着课堂教学的效果。

“混合式”学习视角下中职英语“生本化”教学探索

信息化时代带来英语学习数字资源庞大,学习方式琳琅满目。该文就"混合式"学习视角下,以"生本化"理念为核心,对中职英语教学展开讨论与探索。

Ultimate pit optimization with ecological cost for open pit metal mines

The ecological costs of open pit metal mining are quantified, which include lost value of direct eco-services, lost value of indirect eco-services, prevention and restoration costs, and cost of carbon emission from energy consumption. These ecological costs are incorporated in an iterative ultimate pit optimization algorithm. A case study is presented to demonstrate the influence of ecological costs on pit design outcome. The results show that it is possible to internalize ecological costs in mine designs. The pit optimization outcome shifts considerably to the conservative side and the profitability decreases substantially when ecological costs are accounted for.

Appropriate Garden Design of Primitive Ecology Based on the Indigenization of Environmental Ethics

The accelerating urbanization process leads to aggravated environmental problems, thus garden design which is a creative activity connecting human and nature has attracted much attention, and also garden designers have had to rethink about environmental ethics and morals. This study, from the perspective of environmental ethics, duly proposed the brand-new concept of 'appropriate garden of primitive ecology', proceeded from the orientation, form, value, theoretical basis, realistic significance, culture and consumption psychology of 'garden of primitive ecology', fully developed outstanding ecological wisdoms and morals in traditional Chinese garden culture, boosted garden designs to the environmental ethics level of eco-justice, to seek for the approach to 'garden of primitive ecology' with indigenous Chinese environmental ethic characteristics.

Study on the Residential Planning and Design in Subu Town of Anhui Province

The scientific research theory of Chinese contemporary art residential environment were carried out from the aspects of the people-centered and ecological environment. This study absorbed the essence of Chinese local ecological of the residential environment, for the use of contemprorary design. Through the practice of residential planning in Subu Town of Anhui Province, based on the protection of rural environment, the research completed according to local conditions and strategies for sustainable development.

Spleen:A new role ffoorr an old player?

The spleen could be considered a neglected organ.To date,it has been deemed an ancillary organ in portal hypertension or an organ localization in lymphoproliferative diseases,even though it has had significant attention in infectious diseases for some time.Now,it is thought to be central in regulating the immune system,a metabolic asset and involved in endocrine function with regard to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.The main mechanisms involved in this complex network will be critically discussed in this article.

Ecological Costs Applied in the Bleaching of Cotton： A Study for an Optimized Process

The aim of this paper was to study three variables in hydrogen peroxide bleaching of cotton fabrics： the amount of hydrogen peroxide （H2O2）, peroxide stabilizer （Na2SiO3） and the process temperature. The factorial planning of two levels and three factors was done in order to obtain an optimized recipe for subsequent comparison with commons recipes used in industry. Were evaluated the brightness （DL）, energy consumption （dQ）, H2O2 residual （Rox）, processing time and ecological costs.

A Genetic Algorithm-based Approach to Scheduling of Batch Production with Maximum Profit

The optimal scheduling of multi-product batch process is studied and a new mathematics model targeting the maximum profit is proposed, which can be solved by the modified genetic algorithm (MGA) with mixed coding (sequence coding and decimal coding) developed by us. In which, the partially matched cross over (PMX) and reverse mutation are used for the sequence coding, whereas the arithmetic crossover and heteropic mutation are used for the decimal coding. In addition, the relationship between production scale and production cost is analyzed and the maximum profit is always a trade-off of the production scale and production cost. Two examples are solved to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method.

Analysis of Cultural Tourism Motivation： The Case of Turkish Students

The objective of this study is to understand the underlying dimensions of motivation for attending the cultural tourism among the students, and if motivation will show variation with respect to the socio-demographic composition of the students. Data were collected by the way of a self-administered questionnaire with the study sample comprising students from bachelor degree programs. The results of the study offer an important view regarding the motivation for attending cultural tourism among Turkish students. The paper ends with both practical implications for the cultural tourism organizers and some theoretical contribution to the research of cultural tourism.

Long Work Hours and Work-Life Balance in Korea and Japan

This study examines long work hours and work-life balance in relation to wage level, workaholism, and consumerism in both Korea and Japan. Findings of this study can be summarized as follows. First, the hypothesis that the wages and working hours have positive but differential effects depending on wage level categories are supported. Second, effects of cultural factors, such as workaholism and consumerism, on long work hours, however, are not significant in both countries. Third, for Korean manual workers, the probability of working long hours is high, but the level of time scarcity is low; but the effect of union membership on long work hours is not significant in both Korea and Japan. Fourth, the hypothesis that negative effects of long work hours and time scarcity on satisfaction with work-life balance are supported. These findings suggest that an increase in wage for non-regular workers and a minimum wage are required to reduce working hours. In addition, they also suggest that reducing working hours, overtime work in particular, and wage gap are crucial to raising the level of satisfaction with work-life balance in both Korea and Japan.

Life Cycle Cost of Electricity Generation from Biomass Gasifier

India is having more than 500,000 villages of which about 85% have been electrified. But as per RGGVY （Rejiv Gandhi Grammen Vidyutikaran Yojana）, the rate of village electrification is much lower as household connectivity has been fairly low. The rest 15% villages and a larger proportion of households have to be electrified. Villages have been a major concern as cost of electrification is fairly high. The most favored alternative to any kind of users is generation of electricity from diesel generating sets and renewable sources of energy. But the capital cost of renewable energy equipments is fairly high. Gradually, there is a reduction in the prices of these systems due to availability of better technological options and they are becoming competitive to grid electricity. In this paper, an attempt has been made to calculate the cost of production of electricity from stand-alone, off-grid devices biomass gasifiers （both dual fuel and pure gas type） and compare with that of diesel generating sets by using the concept of LCC （life cycle costing） and Homer software. It is found that the cost of per unit electricity generation （kWh） has been always the lowest in comparison to diesel generating sets even if the price of biomass increases to some extent.

Improving Simulation of the Terrestrial Carbon Cycle of China in Version 4.5 of the Community Land Model Using a Revised V_(cmax) Scheme

The maximum rate of carboxylation （Vcax） is a key photosynthetic parameter for gross primary produc- tion （GPP） estimation in terrestrial biosphere models. A set of observation-based Vcax values, which take the ni- trogen limitation on photosynthetic rates into consideration, are used in version 4.5 of the Community Land Model （CLM4.5）. However, CLM4.5 with carbon-nitrogen （CN） biogeochemistry （CLM4.5-CN） still uses an inde- pendent decay coefficient for nitrogen after the photosyn- thesis calculation. This means that the nitrogen limitation on the carbon cycle is accounted for twice when CN bio- geochemistry is active. Therefore, to avoid this double nitrogen down-regulation in CLM4.5-CN, the original Vcmax scheme is revised with a new one that only accounts for the transition between Vcmax and its potential value （without nitrogen limitation）. Compared to flux tower- based observations, the new Vcmax scheme reduces the root-mean-square error （RMSE） in GPP for China's Mainland by 13.7 g C m-2 yr-1, with a larger decrease over humid areas （39.2 g C m 2 yr-1）. Moreover, net primary production and leaf area index are also improved, with reductions in RMSE by 0.8% and 11.5%, respectively.

Technical Challenges and Progress in Fluidized Bed Chemical Vapor Deposition of Polysilicon

Various methods for production of polysilicon have been proposed for lowering the production cost andenergy consumption, and enhancing productivity, which are critical for industrial applications. The fluidized bed chemical vapor deposition （FBCVD） method is a most promising alternative to conventional ones, but the homogeneous reaction of silane in FBCVD results in unwanted formation of fines, which will affect the product qualityand output. There are some other problems, such as heating degeneration due to undesired polysilicon deposition on the walls of the reactor and the heater. This article mainly reviews the technological development on FBCVD of polycrystalline silicon and the research status for solving the above problems. It also identifies a number of challenges to tackle and principles should be followed in the design ofa FBCVD reactor.

Development of an Anaerobic Digestion Unit for Biogas Production from Cow Dung Substrate

An anaerobic digestion unit for producing biogas from cow dung in the rural communities was designed, fabricated and tested for performance, durability and throughput. The major components of the digester included the substrate holding tank, tank cover, agitator, debris collector, inlet and outlet pipes, gas reception tank, hose and heat source. The digester is a vertical cylindrical tank with an inlet pipe for the introduction of substrate and an outlet pipe to collect the digested substrate. An agitator is incorporated inside the digester to break scum on the substrate and create uniform temperature profile in the digester while a pressure gauge was fitted to the gas outlet valve to measure the gas pressure in the tank. The agitator shaft is extended outside to be driven by an electric motor through belt and pulley system. The criteria considered in the design of the digester included air tightness of the system, mesophilic and thermophilic temperature, nature and type of substrate used, substrate retention period, number of crank turns per minute and volumetric capacity of the digestion tank. Other considerations included the desire to make the digestion tank and gas reception tank of galvanized steel to ensure good quality of the product and the need for a strong structural support to ensure structural stability of the system. After construction and assembly, the biogas digestion unit was tested with 40 kg of cow dung diluted with 80 kg of water and subjected to a retention period to make a substrate （slurry） of 10 % total solid （TS）. Daily gas yield was determined; gas pressure in the tank was measured by the pressure gauge, while the ambient temperature was taken at five hours interval. Results showed that a cumulative gas yield of 0.415 litres after 22 d retention period at average substrate temperature and pH of 29 ℃ and 6.2, respectively. The digester has a substrate holding capacity of 330.8 litres and a production cost of $375 with all the construction materials being available locally.

Fuzzy Logic Based Approach in an Enterprise Resource Planning System for Hydraulic Cylinders Assembly

Trends in modern industry show a tendency towards demassovization of production as a response to the customers＇ specific needs for unique and personalized products. This provokes significant changes in the processes of manufacturing, assembly, and testing The cost of such a type of production can be reduced by employing highly productive reconfigurable equipment with proper software to enable optimization. This paper presents a decision support extension for directing of hydraulic cylinders to assembly-testing lines using fuzzy logic in the Enterprise Resource Planning system of a small size production in a factory in Bulgaria. Different assembly-testing lines are flexibly assigned to the specific cylinder＇s parameters by the developed fuzzy system on the basis of the overlapping of parameters in the hydraulic cylinders classification. The final decision on the line assigned in case of alternatives is made through accounting for the minimal cylinder delay time. The effectiveness of the approach is assessed by simulation. It leads to an increase of the efficiency of the assembly-testing flow lines, a reduction of the time needed for hydraulic cylinders assembling and testing and balanced loading of the modules.

Capitalization of Productive Factors and Income Distribution Problems - Unraveling the Cruxof China＇s Income

When observing China＇s income distribution problems .from an international perspective, we find that China＇s income inequality is not much different from developed countries after primary distribution. The real difference between China and developed countries is that income inequality in developed countries will reduce greatly after income redistribution while the income inequality remains the same for China. Therefore, one can conclude that income inequality in China derives from the ineffectiveness of redistribution. However, a large income gap is not the main reason for skewed income distribution in China. In fact, the problem lies in unfair distribution resulting from factor capitalization. A handful of people have taken proceeds from public assets at the expense of all the people, which has led to social poIarization. To remove unfair distribution, China should improve its means of redistribution to narrow its income gap in order to develop a fair and reasonable pattern of income distribution.