依托虚拟教研室的本科生物类课程改革探索

高校虚拟教研室随着信息技术发展,在教学教研中发挥着日趋重要的作用。通化师范学院生命科学学院生物科学教学团队依托虚拟教研室,进行了生物学的课程改革,打破了学科专业及地域的限制,将应用型人才培养对技术技能的要求与生物类课程改革结合起来,构建“专业课程+文化、科学模块”的特色生物范式。本文从本科生物类课程与特色区域文化、科学技术内容结合的角度出发,通过“生物+语文”“生物+医药”“生物+历史地理”“生物+思政”四种范式的实践案例,讨论了生物类课程如何拓展融入中文类、医药类、历史地理类、思政类内容,提升学生人文素养和科学素养,增加学生知识储备量和增强综合实践能力,探讨了依托虚拟教研室推进应用型高校的生物类课程建设的可行路径。

基于“生物—心理—社会”模式的干预措施对腹腔镜下子宫内膜异位症手术患者的影响

目的:探析基于“生物—心理—社会”模式的干预措施对腹腔镜下子宫内膜异位症手术患者的影响。方法:选取腹腔镜下子宫内膜异位症手术患者108例,随机分为两组,各54例。对照组给予常规干预措施,观察组给予基于“生物—心理—社会”模式的干预措施,比较两组负性情绪、手术完成时间、术后排气时间与下床活动时间、不良事件发生率以及生活质量。结果:观察组干预后负性情绪轻于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组干预后手术完成时间、术后排气时间与下床活动时间均短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组干预后不良反应发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组干预后生活质量优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:基于“生物—心理—社会”模式的干预措施应用于腹腔镜下子宫内膜异位症手术患者中,可有效缓解其负性情绪,显著缩短患者的手术完成时间、术后排气时间、下床活动时间等,减少不良反应的发生,同时对于改善其生活质量具有重要作用。

一例BPPV演变为PPPD的诊疗分析并文献复习

目的:一例BPPV演变为PPPD的病例,诊断、治疗及预后分析。方法:通过对一例临床诊断为BPPV的病例,经过3个月演变为PPPD,给予前庭康复训练、认知行为疗法及抗焦虑药物、促进前庭功能代偿类药物治疗,随访该患者的后续转归,了解该疾病的临床诊疗思路。结果:诊断为BPPV的患者,经过3个月演变为PPPD,给予个体化治疗后,症状缓解。结论:BPPV是目前最常见的发作性前庭综合症,在接诊类似患者前最好完善相关心理–精神评估,尤其是对于反复复位效果不佳或病情反复者,治疗中充分体现“生物–心理–社会医学”模式,加深我们对这类疾病的认识和理解。Objective: To analyze the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of a case of BPPV evolving into PPPD. Methods: A case of BPPV was clinically diagnosed and developed into PPPD after 3 months, and vestibular rehabilitation training, cognitive behavioral therapy, anti-anxiety drugs, and vestibular function compensatory drugs were given to the patient. The follow-up outcome of the patient was followed up to understand the clinical diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Results: The patient was diagnosed with BPPV and developed into PPPD after 3 months. After individualized treatment, the symptoms were relieved. Conclusion: BPPV is the most common paroxysmal vestibular syndrome at present, and it is best to improve the relevant psycho-psychiatric assessment before receiving similar patients, especially for those with poor effect of repeated reduction or recurrent disease, and fully reflect the “bio-psycho-social medicine” model in treatment to deepen our knowledge and understanding of this disease.

我国精神健康社会工作的起源再探讨

美国著名精神病学家阿道夫·梅耶的“心理生物学”理论为现代“生物-心理-社会”治疗模式提供了理论基础,也为精神健康社会工作的产生铺平了道路。他的弟子理查德·雷曼在担任北平协和医学院神经精神科系主任期间将这一理论带到中国,不仅在北平精神病院践行“生物-心理-社会”治疗模式,中国的精神健康社会工作由此诞生,而且培养了中国第一批精神病专家。这些专家及其弟子又将这一模式推广到了中国各地,精神健康社会工作因之得以推广。新中国成立后仍有精神病院实行着这一模式,实际上保留了精神健康社会工作的服务内容。

以科学发展观促进医学教育改革与发展

科学发展观与构建和谐社会的提出,对于推进我国高等医学教育改革与发展具有特殊而重要的指导意义。过去单纯的"生物-医学"模式,正在为"生物-心理-社会"模式所代替。新的医学模式,要求医学人才学会"社会诊断"和开"社会处方"。针对新环境下出现的新问题和对人才培养的新的要求,北京大学医学部本着以教师为主导、学生为主体的原则,实施了本博连读、PBL教学方法等一系列的医学教育改革尝试,取得了一定的成功。但要跻身于世界一流医学教育行列,还有很大的发展空间。还要从教育理念、教育手段、教育方法等诸多方面进行深入的改革与完善,才能全面提升北大医学教育水平和质量。

Discussion on Biomass Fuel Operation Model Dominated by Tobacco Straw

With the gradually popularization of replacing coal tobacco leaf flue-curing technology with biomass fuel, the operation of raw materials collection and transportation links faces many problems. In this paper, the existing problems in view of biomass fuel operation dominated by tobacco straw in current tobacco leaf flue-curing were analyzed, and the 3 kinds of fuel operation modes （＂contracting processing mode, displacement mode and commercialization mode＂） were put forward, each of which was also briefly analyzed, with the aim to expand the way of thinking about biomass raw materials processing by cooperative organization.

社会支持对临床应激的心理效应分析

分析了"社会支持"的心理学内涵,在梳理临床活动中的疾病相关应激源与资源相关应激源的基础上,总结了主客观社会支持的内在、外在资源在临床中的心理效应,提出在临床医疗和心理干预的同时,提供基本医疗保险、心理素质教育等政策性环境支持,可提高医疗卫生资源利用率和临床服务效果,进而实现"生物—心理—社会"模式下的积极临床心理效应。

Researches on Classification Features of Rural and Urban Domestic Waste in Tianjin City Under Secondary Classification Mode

In order to investigate the influence of secondary classification mode on waste generation features, this study classified domestic waste generated by 310 rural and urban households at urban areas and Shuigaozhuang Village of Xiqing District into 3 groups： compostable materials, recyclable materials and toxics on the basis of the constructed secondary classification mode of domestic waste. The study focused on waste generation strength and classification features, compared the waste generation features between rural and urban residents, and analyzed the re- lation between waste generation strength and economic and cultural factors. The re- sults indicated that the average generation speed of urban domestic waste was 423.08 g/（d.capita）, and that of rural domestic waste was 629.89 g/（d.capita）, there was significant difference between rural and urban compost generation strength （P= 0.00002）, while the generation strength of recyclable materials and toxics between rural and urban areas had no significant difference （P=0.471 and P=0.099, respec- tively）. Secondary classification mode is an effective source classification mode for domestic wastes and has positive effects on waste reduction and treatment.

Variation in downwelling diffuse attenuation coefficient in the northern South China Sea

The diffuse attenuation coefficient for downwelling irradiance(Kd(λ)) is an important parameter for ocean studies.Based on the optical profile data measured during three cruises in the northern South China Sea in autumn from 2003 to 2005,variations in the Kd(λ) spectra were analyzed.The variability of Kd(λ) shows much distinct features in both magnitude and spectra pattern,it is much higher in coastal waters than that of open oceanic waters;and the blue-to-green(443/555) ratio of Kd(λ) tends to increase with chlorophyll a concentration([Chl-a]) from open ocean to coastal waters.These characteristics can be explained most by the increase of aw+p(443)/aw+p(555) with [Chl-a].In short waveband,the relation between Kd(λ)-Kw(λ) and [Chl-a] can be well described by a power law function,indicating the large contribution of phytoplankton to the variations in Kd(λ).As for the spectral model of the diffuse attenuation coefficient,there are good linear relationships between Kd(490) and Kd(λ) in other wavelengths with own slope and intercept of a linear functions in the spectral range 412-555 nm.Kd(490) is well correlated with the spectral ratio of remote sensing reflectance;and should enough measurement data are given,this empirical algorithm would be used in the Kd(λ) retrieval from ocean color satellite data.The variation in Kd(λ) provides much useful information for us to study the bio-optical property in the northern South China Sea.

Combined Effect of Nutrient and Pest Managements on Substrate Utilization Pattern of Soil Microbial Population in Hybrid Rice Cropping System

A field experiment was conducted to study the combined effect of nutrient andpest managements on soil biomass phospholipid contents, functional biodiversity and substrateutilization patterns of soil microbial populations in hybrid rice cropping system. The mineral N, Pand K fertilizers (as urea, calcium superphosphate and KCl respectively) were incorporated at 100,25, and 100 kg ha^(-1), respectively, and the various pesticides were applied at the recommendedrates. The results of the experiment demonstrated a decline in the microbial abundance and soilmicrobial biomass phospholipid contents with the advancement of crop growth, and significant changesin substrate utilization pattern of soil microbial population studied were observed with differentmanagement practices and at different growth stages. The principal component analysis (PCA) usingall 95-carbon sources (BIOLOG plates) gave good differentiation among the treatments, indicatingthat they have different patterns of carbon utilization under different habitats. The data showedthat diversity in microbial community continuously changed with the progression in crop stage,particularly at physiological maturity (PM) stage that was evident from the utilization of differentcarbon sources at various crop stages.

A theoretical model for assessing the sustainability of ecosystem services

The Value of the World＇s Ecosystem Services and Natural Capital by Costanza in 1997 is generally regarded as a monumem for the research of valuing ecosystem services. However, the classification of ecosystem services, the method of various services summation and the purpose for static global value had be confronted by many criticisms. Based on the summary of these criticisms, suggestions, related function assessment and further study direction, the sustainability of ecosystem Services is presented. The two basic indicators in ecology, productivity and biodiversity, respectively charactering the ability of producing and self-organizing, not only represent the internal function of ecosystem, but also are proportioned to its external function of supporting and providing for human life. On presenting the general.form of ecosystem services assessment, this paper improves the mathematical formula by giving a function adjusting coefficient composea of productivity and biodiversity. Theoretically, the integration of the two indicators reflects the changes of ecosystem services at spatial and temporal scales, can physically assess the sustainability of ecosystem services, and build a firm scientific fundament of value assessment for ecosystem services. Objectively, its application should be strictly tested in next step.

Gastric stimulation for weight loss

The prevalence of obesity is growing to epidemic proportions,and there is clearly a need for minimally invasive therapies with few adverse effects that allow for sustained weight loss.Behavior and lifestyle therapy are safe treatments for obesity in the short term,but the durability of the weight loss is limited.Although promising obesity drugs are in development,the currently available drugs lack efficacy or have unacceptable side effects.Surgery leads to long-term weight loss,but it is associated with morbidity and mortality.Gastric electrical stimulation(GES) has received increasing attention as a potential tool for treating obesity and gastrointestinal dysmotility disorders.GES is a promising,minimally invasive,safe,and effective method for treating obesity.External gastric pacing is aimed at alteration of the motility of the gastrointestinal tract in a way that will alter absorption due to alteration of transit time.In addition,data from animal models and preliminary data from human trials suggest a role for the gut-brain axis in the mechanism of GES.This may involve alteration of secretion of hormones associated with hunger or satiety.Patient selection for gastric stimulation therapy seems to be an important determinant of the treatment's outcome.Here,we review the current status,potential mechanisms of action,and possible future applications of gastric stimulation for obesity.

A weakly coupled data assimilation system of a coupled physical–biological model for the northeastern South China Sea

A weakly coupled data assimilation system was established for a coupled physical–biological model for the northeastern South China Sea（NSCS）. The physical model used was the Regional Ocean Modeling System; the biological component was a seven-compartment nitrogen–phytoplankton–zooplankton–detritus ecosystem model; and the data assimilation method was Ensemble Optical Interpolation. To test the performance of the weakly coupled data assimilation system, two numerical experiments（i.e. control and assimilation runs） based on a process-oriented idealized case were conducted, and climatological SST was assimilated in the assimilation run. Only physical variables were adjusted in the weakly coupled data assimilation. The results showed that both the assimilated SST and other unassimilated physical variables had reasonable process responses. Due to the warmer SST observation, the water temperature（salinity） in the assimilation run increased（decreased） in coastal upwelling regions. Both the alongshore and bottom cross-shore currents were reduced, jointly demonstrating the weakening of the upwelling system. Meanwhile, ecosystem variables were also affected to some extent by the SST assimilation through the coupled model. For example, larger phytoplankton（chlorophyll） productivity was found in the upwelling region within the shallow layer due to the warmer waters in the assimilation run. Hence, the application of this data assimilation system could reasonably modify both physical and biological variables for the NSCS by SST assimilation.

ANALYSIS OF HABITAT PATTERN CHANGE OF RED-CROWNED CRANES IN THE LIAO HE DELTA USING SPATIAL DIVERSITY INDEX

Habitat pattern change of red-crowned cranes (Grus japonensis) in t he Liaohe Delta between 1988 and 1998 was analyzed with the help of Spatial Dive rsity Index based on remote sensing data and field investigation. The result sho wed that the influence from human activities on the wetland habitat of red-crow ned cranes was prominent with the development of oil and agricultural exploitati on, and the habitat pattern of red-crowned cranes had been obviously changed by the human disturbance during the ten years. The areas with high Spatial Diversi ty values (SD≥0.65) and that with mid-high values (0.5≤SD< 0.65), which const ituted the main part of suitable habitat of red-crowned cranes,had reduced to 9142ha and 5576ha respectively, with the shrinking of natural land cover, such a s reed and Suaeda community. The habitat pattern became more fragmented, which w as caused by roads and wells during oil exploration. It was indicated that the s uitability and quality of habitat for red-crowned cranes in the Liaohe Delta we re degraded in the last decade. The results also showed that diversity index cou ld reflect the habitat suitability of red-crowned cranes quantitatively and des cribe the spatial pattern of the habitat explicitly. This study will provide a s cientific basis for habitat protection of red-crowned cranes and other rare spe cies in wetlands.

The community structure and seasonal dynamics of plankton in Bange Lake, northern Tibet, China

The seasonal variations in biomass, abundance, and species composition of plankton in relation to hydrography were studied in the saline Bange Lake, northern Tibet, China. Sampling was carried out between one to three times per month from May 2001 to July 2002. Salinity ranged from 14 to 146. The air and water temperature exhibited a clear seasonal pattern, and mean annual temperatures were approximately 4.8℃ and 7.3℃, respectively. The lowest water temperature occurred in winter from December to March at-2℃ and the highest in June and July at 17.7℃. Forty-one phytoplankton taxa, 21 zooplankton, and 5 benthic or facultative zooplankton were identifi ed. The predominant phytoplankton species were Gloeothece linearis, Oscillatoria tenuis, Gloeocapsa punctata, Ctenocladus circinnatus, Dunaliella salina, and Spirulina major. The predominant zooplankton species included H olophrya actra, Brachionus plicatilis, Daphniopsis tibetana, Cletocamptus dertersi, and A rctodiaptomus salinus. The mean annual total phytoplankton density and biomass for the entire lake were 4.52×10^7 cells/L and 1.60 mg/L, respectively. The annual mean zooplankton abundance was 52, 162, 322, and 57, 144 ind./L, in the three sublakes. The annual mean total zooplankton biomass in Lakes 1–3 was 1.23, 9.98, and 2.13 mg/L, respectively. The annual mean tychoplankton abundances in Bg1, 2, and 3 were 47, 67, and 654 ind./L. The annual mean tychoplankton biomass was 2.36, 0.16, and 2.03 mg/L, respectively. The zooplankton biomass（including tychoplankton） in the lake was 9.11 mg/L. The total number of plankton species in the salt lake was signifi cantly negatively correlated with salinity.

Reevaluation of cortical developmental patterns in Euplotes(s.l.), including a morphogenetic redescription of E.charon (Protozoa,Ciliophora,Euplotida)

We documented the pattern of cell development in Euplotes charon. The ontogenesis of this species was similar to many of its congeners, except for the formation of the caudal cirri. In E. Charon, a caudal cirrus is formed posterior to each of the rightmost two or three dorsal kinety anlage in the proter, and the second rightmost dorsal kinety in the opisthe. In addition, two caudal cirri are formed posterior to the rightmost dorsal kinety in the opisthe. This pattern of development represents a completely new type. Based on our evaluation, and in comparison with previous studies, we also conclude that the pattern of cell development is variable among species in the Euplotes genera. The variation is particularly evident during the formation of frontoventral and caudal cirri. Based on the segmentation pattern of frontal-midventral transverse cirral anlagen, cirri reduction, and migration of frontoventral cirri, we identified five types: the affinis-type, the eurystomus-type, the charon-type, the raikovi-type and orientalis-type. Euplotes (s. l.) can also be divided into three types based on the formation of caudal cirri: focardii-type, vannus-type and charon-type. Indeed, we conclude that the number (one or two) of marginal cirri should be given as much consideration as the genetic separation. Given this, we reassessed the validity of using genetic separation to classify the group. Generally, the morphogenetic data disagreed with the molecular data (SSrRNA gene sequences). Given these discrepancies, it is too early to draw conclusions on the systematic arrangement of this species-rich taxon.

Investigation fbr teaching mode of developmental biology

The reform of teaching mode, arrangement of curriculum content and investigation for relevant theory can promote the development of the biology course, and can greatly improve the research value of developmental biology. Based on this, this paper will analyze the course content, the teaching mode and the content of multimedia courseware by combining with content of developmental biology.

A New Type Machine of Mixing-molding for Polyblends

This paper introduces a new type machine for polyblends with excellent mixing capabilities of internal mixer and continuous molding character of extruder.The machine includes two functions - mixing and extrusion molding that have been composed together by rational design,so a tandem production mode - "batch + continuous" are opened up.The mathematical model of continuous mixing molding was established and verified availably by experimental research.The main physical mechanical property of vulcanizate,which had met national waterproof material standard,verified the machine practicability.The essential difference from other similar type machines is that this machine is not only suitable in producing granular and powder rubbers but also lumpish rubbers.

Suggestion of global model for carob batch fermentation to produce bioethanol

Modelling of carob batch fermentation is established basing on mass transfer balances. The modelling treats the reaction kinetics of substrate （S）, the micro-organisms （X） and the ethanol （E）. Nine models are taken from the literature to describe specific organism growth rate and specific ethanol development rate. These models treat all types of fermentation. The Phisalapbong et al. model and the Ghose and Tyagi model show the best fit of the experimental data. This affirms that the batch fermentation of carob is conducted with substrate and/or ethanol inhibition. Some simulations and relationships （X = f（S）, E = f（S）） are obtained from the Phisalaphong et al. model. Those simulations show a lot of important and useful results of carob batch fermentation process.

Learning Retention in Undergraduate Biology Using a Hands-on Practical ＂Enzyme Detection from Vegetables and Fruits＂

The purpose of this research was to study learning retention in undergraduate biology students on the topic of enzyme properties by using simple enzyme activity from vegetables and fruits. A hands-on practical was developed to simplify detection of enzyme activity of amylase, protease and lipase on starch agar, dry whole milk agar, and trihutyrin agar, respectively. The subjects of the study were 24 senior undergraduates who studied in the Program of General Science, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, in three semesters during 2007 - 2008. The basic concepts of enzymes, e.g., substrate specificity, how to detect enzymes and optimal enzyme conditions, were taught before the practical. The first enzyme, protease, was used in the second semester of 2007, and then changed to be lipase and protease in the first and second semesters of 2008, respectively. Ten open-ended questions were used to assess students in all semesters. In agreement with the constructivist learning model, it was demonstrated that students had learning retention and applied their prior knowledge to other enzyme experiments.