对"电磁感应"知识点的研究

在物理教学中实现"减负增效",改善课堂教学是当然的主渠道,而发挥团队精神,开展校本研修是提高课堂教学效率的重要保证。本校的校本研修是以分析教材,了解学生,研究教法、学法为主体的系列教研活动展开的。它由备课、说课、上课、评课、研课五个环节组成,简称五环链式教研活动模式。五环链式教研模式只是一个活动的载体,为了使教研活动"研之有物",物理教研组、备课组在活动时除了强调对教材和课程标准的理解和学习之外,还从以下三个层面进行了物理学科校本研修的探索。

“电磁感应”教学中学生自主探究能力的培养

在电磁感应的教学中,教师引导学生培养自主探究的能力,实际上是把传统的传授学生知识这个重点,转为培养学生能力这个重点。学生只有通过自主的学习,让自己的能力得到锻炼,日后在遇到科学问题时,就能找到观察事情、解决问题、总结经验的能力。

优化“电磁感应”教学的思考

“电磁感应”一章是高中物理教学的重点和难点．也是高考的热点。“电磁感应”教学的难度在于知识的跨度大．综合性强，对逻辑思维能力以及空间想象能力要求都较高。为了更加有效地突破教学难点．培养学生的能力。进一步提高本章的教学效果．笔者在总结过去有关教学经验的基础上．结合近年来高考的走向．就优化该章教学谈几点设想。

高中物理教法初探——以“电磁感应现象”教学为例

高中物理是一门综合性较强、抽象知识较多的学科,在高中物理教学中,经常会遇到学生不理解知识的现象,也给很多高中物理教师带来一定的困扰.高中物理知识具有较强的复杂性和枯燥性,因此笔者认为,在高中物理教学中不仅要将知识具体呈现在学生面前,同时应适当增加一些趣味性元素,不断培养学生学习物理的兴趣.

浅析感应电流产生的条件

从楞次定律两种表述的等价性及电磁感应定律的讨论中,举例论述了只有磁通量发生变化,闭合回路中才能产生感应电流。

OPTIMAL DESIGN OF DUAL STATOR-WINDING INDUCTION GENERATOR WITH PWM CONVERTER

To minimize the reactive power of the converter of the control winding in the novel dual stator-winding induction generator based on the PWM converter, design features of the induction generator with a rectified load are proposed. The optimization method of excited capacitors to minimize the reactive power of the control winding at a variable speed is given. The calculation capacity of the machine with a diode bridge rectifier load is proposed. To achieve global searching, the integrated method with the improved real-coded genetic algorithm and the twodimensional finite element method （FEM） is introduced. Design results of the sample show that reactive power can be reduced by the method, and the converter capacity can be decreased to 1/3 of output rated power at the speed ratio of 1 ： 3, thus reducing the volume and the mass of the inverter.

Numerical modeling of the 2D time-domain transient electromagnetic secondary field of the line source of the current excitation

To effectively minimize the electromagnetic field response in the total field solution, we propose a numerical modeling method for the two-dimensional （2D） time- domain transient electromagnetic secondary field of the line source based on the DuFort- Frankel finite-difference method. In the proposed method, we included the treatment of the earth-air boundary conductivity, calculated the normalized partial derivative of the induced electromotive force （Emf）, and determined the forward time step. By extending upward the earth-air interface to the air grid nodes and the zero-value boundary conditions, not only we have a method that is more efficient but also simpler than the total field solution. We computed and analyzed the homogeneous half-space model and the fiat layered model with high precision--the maximum relative error is less than 0.01% between our method and the analytical method--and the solution speed is roughly three times faster than the total-field solution. Lastly, we used the model of a thin body embedded in a homogeneous half-space at different delay times to depict the downward and upward spreading characteristics of the induced eddy current, and the physical interaction processes between the electromagnetic field and the underground low-resistivity body.

向科学巨匠法拉第叫板

这要从我初三的一节物理课说起。那次新课内容是“电磁感应”，当我提到它的定义时，有一位同学对此提出了异议，他说：“书上电磁感应定义是：‘闭合电路的一部分异体在磁场中做切割磁感线运动时，导体中就产生电流。’我认为这里的‘闭合电路’提法不妥!”教室里当时一片寂静，同学们睁大好奇的眼睛看着站着的他，转而又看着我。

How to realize a negative refractive index material at the atomic level in an optical frequency range?

The theoretical mechanism for realizing a negative refractive index material in an optical frequency range with an atomic gas system of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is studied. It is shown that under certain conditions such a dense gas can exhibit simultaneously negative permittivity and negative permeability, and negligibly small loss.

Fhe application of electromagnetic-induction on the measurement of sea ice thickness in the Antarctic

As an important component of the cryosphere, sea ice is very sensitive to climate change. The study of sea ice physics needs accurate sea ice thickness. This paper presents an electromagnetic induction （EM） technique which can be used to measure the sea ice thickness distribution efficiently and its successful application in the Antarctic Neila Fjord. Based on the electrical properties of sea ice and seawater and the application of electromagnetic field theory, this technique can accurately detect the distance between the EM instrument and the ice/water interface to measure the sea ice thickness. Analyzing the apparent conductivity data obtained by the electromagnetic induction technique and drill-hole measurements at same location allows the construction of a transform equation for the apparent conductivity and sea ice thickness. The verification of the calculated sea ice thickness using this equation indicates that the electromagnetic induction technique is able to determine reliable sea ice thickness with an average relative error of only 5.5%. The ice thickness profiles show the sea ice distribution in Neila Fjord is basically level with a thickness of 0.8 - 1.4 m.

Formation and wear behaviors of in-situ Al3Ti/Al composites using aluminum and titanium fibers under electromagnetic induction heating

Under various electromagnetic induction heating powers,different Al3Ti/Al composites were fabricated by in-situ synthesis method from aluminum and titanium fibers.Microstructures and particles distribution of the composites were examined by XRD,SEM and EDS.The results show that no other intermetallic compounds beside Al3Ti can be in-situ synthesized.Around the titanium fibers,the reaction zones and diffusion zones can be obviously found.Due to the stirring of the electromagnetic function,the formation of the micro-cracks inside the reaction zone was conducive to the peeling off of the Al3Ti particles,and ensures the continuous reaction between liquid aluminum and titanium fibers,as well as the diffusion of Al3Ti particles.At the same time,there were secondary splits of Al3Ti particles located in diffusion zones.Two-body abrasion test shows that with the increase of induction heating power,the wear rates of the composites reduced and the number of grooves decreased.

DIMENSIONLESS ANALYSIS AND LOCATION OF ELECTRIC FIELD INDUCED BY MAGNETIC COIL

A model of magnetic stimulation is presented for analysis of the spatial distributions of the electric field induced by magnetic coils.Dimensionless analysis is introduced and makes the factors influencing the magnitude of electric field into two parts:c (represents the stimulation conditions),and E 0 (reflects the geometry of coil).By 3 D simulation of the induced electric field of two kinds of coils,the effect of magnetic stimulation can be demonstrated and the factors influencing stimulating focality and depth are identified.The principles for determining the electric field magnitude,focality and magnetic stimulation depth when designing a reasonable coil and stimulator and achieving ideal stimulating effect are discussed.

The Influence of Earth Temperature on the Dynamic Characteristics of Frozen Soil and the Parameters of Ground Motion on Sites of Permafrost

Earth temperature is one of the most important factors influencing the mechanical properties of frozen soil. Based on the field investigation of the characteristics of ground deformation and ground failure caused by the M S8 1 earthquake in the west of the Kunlun Mountain Pass, China, the influence of temperature on the dynamic constitutive relationship, dynamic elastic modulus, damping ratio and dynamic strength of frozen soil was quantitatively studied by means of the dynamic triaxial test. Moreover, the characteristics of ground motion on a permafrost site under different temperatures were analyzed for the four profiles of permafrost along the Qinghai Xizang(Tibet) Railway using the time histories of ground motion acceleration with 3 exceedance probabilities of the Kunlun Mountains area. The influences of temperature on the seismic displacement, velocity, acceleration and response spectrum on permafrost ground were studied quantitatively. A scientific basis was presented for earthquake disaster mitigation for engineering foundations, highways and underground engineering in permafrost areas.

A wireless magnetic sensor for localizing in-vivo medical micro-devices

In order to measure the position and orientation of in-vivo medical micro-devices without the line-of- sight constraints, a wireless magnetic sensor is developed for an electromagnetic localization method. In the electromagnetic localization system, the wireless magnetic sensor is embedded in the micro-devices to measure alternating magnetic signals. The wireless magnetic sensor is composed of an induction coil, a signal processor, a radio frequency （R.F） transmitter, a power manager and batteries. Based on the principle of electromagnetic induction, the induction coil converts the alternating magnetic signals into electrical signals. Via the RF transmitter, the useful data am wirelessly sent outside the body. According to the relation between the magnetic signals and the location, the position and orientation of the micro-devices can be calculated. The experiments demonstrate the feasibility of localizing in-vivo medical micro-devices with the wireless magnetic sensor. The novel localization system is accurate and robust.

Fine analysis on advanced detection of transient electromagnetic method

Fault fracture zones and water-bearing bodies in front of the driving head are the main disasters in mine laneways,thus it is important to perform their advanced detection and prediction in advance in order to provide reliable technical support for the excavation.Based on the electromagnetic induction theory,we analyzed the characteristics of primary and secondary fields with a positive and negative wave form of current,proposed the fine processing of the advanced detection with variation rate of apparent resistivity and introduced in detail the computational formulae and procedures.The result of physical simulation experiments illustrate that the tectonic interface of modules can be judged by first-order rate of apparent resistivity with a boundary error of 5%,and the position of water body determined by the fine analysis method agrees well with the result of borehole drilling.This shows that in terms of distinguishing structure and aqueous anomalies,the first-order rate of apparent resistivity is more sensitive than the secondorder rate of apparent resistivity.However,some remaining problems are suggested for future solutions.

Electromagnetic characteristics of cold crucible in an induction coil for melting purpose

The electromagnetic characteristics of cold wall crucible, especially its field strength and distribution, were evaluated experimentally, in which the effects of parameters as input power and position were also discussed. The results showed that the magnetic induction intensity （B） increased with the increase of the input power. Along the radial direction inside the cold crucible, B is the strongest at the edges, and gradually attenu- ated from the edges to the center. While along the axial direction, B is the strongest at the center, and gradually attenuated from the center to the edges. Corresponding with the calculation on electromagnetic field distribution inside the coil without cold crucible, the effects of cold crucible on the electromagnetic field have been reduced by comparing measured and calculated results. However, it was also found that the value of B strength will be decreased to about 50% of its original proposition without cold crucible due to the electromagnetic shielding effect, which will be the understanding for mehing turns in cold crucible.

Influence of DSP controller on performance of a permanent magnet brushless AC drive in flux-weakening mode

The flux-weakening performance of a permanent magnet brushless AC drive was investigated using both floating-point and fixed-point DSP controllers. A significant current oscillation was observed when the drive was operated at high-speed in the flux-weakening mode with the fixed-point DSP. The investigation showed that this was due to the on-line compensation of the winding resistance voltage drop and quantisation errors associated with the fixed-point architecture of the DSP. A simple look-up table scheme is proposed to eliminate the oscillation and to achieve extended flux-weakening capability.