略论薛涛诗风“男性化”的成因及其表现

古人曾以“无雌声”之语来评价唐代著名女诗人薛涛的诗作。本文则深入考察了薛涛诗风“男性化”的成因及其表现 。

“男性化”:上官婉儿诗歌的审美旨趣

上官婉儿是初唐著名政治家、诗人及诗歌评论家。她不仅“两朝专美”,而且以“巾帼不让须眉”的气度创作出许多具有阳刚之美的文学作品。“女子作男音”是中国古代文学史上少有的现象,上官婉儿的诗歌在题材、意象、审美旨趣等方面都体现出了“男性化”倾向。产生这一现象,既是时代风气使然,也与诗人的家庭环境、政治地位、主观心理有关。

乒乓球女子技术向男性化方向发展趋势初探

为了加速"女子技术男性化"的进程,继续保持我国女子乒乓球在世界的领先地位,我们对女子技术男性化的内涵及其实施方法进行了初步探讨,得出结论:"女子技术男性化"不是让女运动员片面地模仿男运动员打球的速度和力量,而是在技术风格、思想作风、竞争意识和比赛意识等诸方面向男性化方面发展,只有这样,女子技术男性化的意义才能真正体现出来。

曼斯菲尔德女性主义小说中的男性受害者

女性主义理论普遍认为,男权社会把女性"女性化"为被动、内向的客体和他者,同时赋予男性主动、外向的主体优势。但是,往往被人们忽视的是,违背人性的"男性化"的过程也使男性受到损害。曼斯菲尔德关于女性的一些短篇小说不仅反映了女性在男权社会中沦为他者和客体的过程,而且更难能可贵的是,也反映了男性在男权社会的隐痛。

另一种丑化——以扈三娘、孙二娘、顾大嫂为考察对象

《水浒传》对女性形象的刻画几乎是不正常的。如果说对潘金莲、阎婆惜、潘巧云的"淫妇"形象进行刻画是一种丑化的话,那么它对扈三娘、孙二娘、顾大嫂所做的"男性化"的描绘同样是一种丑化。

《红楼梦》中的女性形象分析

《红楼梦》作为一部鸿章杰作,超越了单一的表现女子闺才,多方面、多角度、多层次的描绘女性的各种才能。大观园中的女儿们,钗黛有诗词曲赋文学之才,四春有琴棋书画艺术之才,平儿有口吐莲花伶俐之才,凤姐有运筹帷幄治家之才。此外,她们还通晓经史音韵、医学算术、天文地理等难度较大的知识与技术。曹雪芹对女性问题做了极为大胆的思考与开拓,他尊重女性,崇尚女尊男卑,因而他笔下的女儿们在多个方面力争摆脱男性的附属地位,突破了传统大家闺秀的固有模式。

Effect of a 26-month floorball training on male elderly's cardiovascular fitness, glucose control, body composition, and functional capacity

Background: Floorball training offers a motivating and socially stimulating team activity for older adults, and 12 weeks of floorball training twice a week among men aged 65—76 years have been shown to have positive effects on a number of physiological parameters important for health. However, the effect of long-term participation in floorball training among male elderly has not been investigated. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of 26-month self-organized regular participation in floorball training on cardiovascular fitness, body composition, blood lipids, glucose control, and physical function among recreationally active men aged 66—78 years.Methods: After completing a 12-week randomized and controlled intervention with floorball and petanque training in the autumn 2014 or spring2015, 15 subjects chose to participate in floorball training(floorball group, FG), whereas 16 subjects resumed their usual lifestyle(control group,CG). FG took part in self-organized floorball training 1.7 sessions of 40 min/week, and CG continued their normal recreationally active lifestyle during a 26-month follow-up period. At baseline and after the follow-up period subjects were tested for cardiovascular fitness, glucose control(resting blood samples), body composition dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry(DXA-scanning), and functional capacity.Results: In FG, the decline in maximal oxygen uptake(VO_(2max)) during the follow-up period was lower(242 ± 379 mL/min, p = 0.01), blood glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c) increased less(—1.6 ± 2.9 mmol/L, p = 0.02), and leg bone mineral density increased more(0.03 ± 0.05 g/cm^2,p = 0.02) than those in CG. The effects on body mass, total lean body mass, fat mass, blood lipids, and physical function were similar in FG and CG.Conclusion: Approximately twice weekly floorball sessions with 40 min/session over 26-month appear to reduce age-related decline in cardiovascular fitness and glucose control and improve leg bone mineral density, suggesting that long-term participation in floorball training can be considered as a health-enhancing activity in recreationally active male elderly.

唐新城长公主墓中女扮男装现象的性别考古学研究

女扮男装现象仅在初唐到盛唐时期短暂兴盛过一段时间,但唐代特殊的政治氛围与这样有别于前代的性别观念的同时出现,使研究者们对于女扮男装现象在唐的出现所代表的社会内涵充满兴趣,并且不断结合新出土的考古材料与文献对其进行分析探讨。根据已有的考古材料与文献,在前人研究的基础上,引入社会学概念,可以帮助了解唐代墓葬壁画中女扮男装现象表现出的男性形象对女性空间的入侵性与当时女性“男性化反抗”的趋势。

Metabolic Changes in Rats with Photochemically Induced Cerebral Infarction and the Effects of Batroxobin:A Study by Magnetic Resonance Imaging,~1H-and ^(31)p-Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Metabolic changes in rats with photochemically induced cerebral infarction and the effects of batroxobin were investigated 1, 3, 5 and 7 days after infarction by means of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), 1H- and 31P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). A region of T2 hyperintensity was observed in left temporal neocortex in infarction group and batroxobin group 1, 3, 5 and 7 days after infarction. The volume of the region gradually decreased from 1 day to 7 days after infarction. The ratio of NAA/Cho + Cr in the region of T2 hyperintensity in the infarction group was significantly lower than that in the corresponding region in the sham-operated group 3, 5 and 7 days after infarction respectively (P

Clinical Observation on the Long-Term Therapeutic Effects of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Treatment of Liver Fibrosis

48 patients with liver fibrosis due to hepatitis B were treated for 2 years with the drugs for tonifying the kidney, supplementing qi, cooling and invigorating the blood and detoxification. The symptoms were markedly improved, and serum ALT and bilirubin were recovered and kept normal in most of the cases. The mean levels of serum hyaluronic acid, procollagen peptide III and circulating immune complex were decreased and returned to normal after the treatment. B-ultrasonography showed that the portal vein kept in normal size in 82% of the patients, the enlarged portal vein diminished in diameter, and the enlarged spleen reduced.

Study of androgen and atherosclerosis in old-age male

Objective： To observe the difference of androgen and inflammatory cytokines level in atherosclerosis and analyse their relations. Method： Both carotid arteries and arteries of lower extremity were subjected to ultrasonic examination by Doppier＇s method. Those with much atheromatous plaque formation were ranged into case group, and those with normal result formed control group. Total, free testosterone and estradiol were assayed by radioimmunoassay. C reactive protein （CRP） was assayed by nepheloturbidity. Tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α）, lnterleukin-6 （IL-6）, lnterleukin-8 （IL-8）, lnterleukin-10 （IL-10）, Interleukin-18 （IL-18）, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 （sICAM-1） and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 （sVCAM-1） were assayed by ELISA. The mean difference between two groups and the correlation between free testosterone and cytokines were analysed. Results： Free testosterone was （6.337±3.371） pg/L in case group and （11.375±4.733）pg/L in control group, P〈0.01. No differences were found in total testosterone and estradiol. CRP was （27.294±10.238）mg/L in case group and （12.843±6.318） mg/L in control group, P〈0.01. IL-6 was （41.700±31.385）pg/L in case group and （25.396±20.772）pg/L in control group, P〈0.05. IL-8 was （89.249±58.357）pg/L in case group and （67.873±31.227）pg/L in control group, P〈0.05. sICAM-1 was （470.491±134.078）pg/L in case group and （368.487±97.183）pg/L in control group, P〈0.01. sVCAM-1 was （537.808±213.172）pg/L in case group and （457.275±157.273）pg/L in control group, P〈0.05. There were no differences in TNF-α, IL-10 and IL-18. Correlation analysis showed that FT （free testosterone） had negative correlation with CRP, IL-6 and sICAM-1. Among them FT had well correlation with CRP, correlation index was -0.678. Conclusion： Free testosterone was in negative correlation with atherosclerosis in old-age male. Free testosterone may have the role of anti-atherosclerosis, and this effect was not achieved by its transformation to estradiol. Low tree testosterone level was followed by increased level of inflammatory cytokines. Low free testosterones coexist with inflammation and they both affect the process of atherosclerosis in old-age male.

What Makes a Mother a Monster？ Mrs. Gant＇s Grotesque Masculinity and the Cult of Womanhood

This paper1 reevaluates the portrayal of Mrs. Gant in William Faulkner＇s short story ＂Miss Zilphia Gant＂ （1932）. It argues that Faulkner represents her as ＂the mother as a monster＂ and looks at the features of that representation. More specifically, the paper devotes attention to this abusive mother＇s curious masculinity, employing feminist readings from two angles. That is, on the one hand, the paper reexamines the nature of Mrs. Gant＇s unfemininity by considering the immense responsibility of child-rearing that mothers bear in modern societies. On the other hand, it attempts to locate the origin of her bodily manliness by considering the prism of images of women as evil and destabilizing that pervaded Western culture early in the twentieth century. Such approaches have revealed that making a monster of a mother requires a conspiracy taking advantage of both the inconsistencies inherent in the ideals of motherhood and the bizarre processes through which femininity itself is masculinized. In conclusion, this paper argues that Mrs. Gant＇s monstrosity is a reflection of a predicament which many women in modern times whether Faulkner＇s or our own share, that is, being expected to be a perfect mother while still being viciously castigated as sexually threatening.

Actions of NO and INOS on Endotoxin Induced rat Acute Lung Injury and Effect of Rhubarb on Them

This study is to explore the actions of nitric oxide (NO) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) on endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) induced rat acute lung injury (ALI) and effect of Rhubarb on them. LPS was injected into the sublingual vein of male Wistar rats to prepare ALI animal models. The rats were divided into 4 groups: LPS, control, Rhubarb, and dexamethasone. Macroscopic and histopathological examinations of the lung specimens were performed and the biological indexes of lung, including wet weight/dry weight, the rate of neutrophils and protein content in the pulmonary alveolar lavage fluid, pulmonary vascular permeability and pulmonary alveolar permeability were observed. In the mean time, the contents of serum NO and the activities of lung tissue homogenate iNOS were measured. The results showed that in the LPS group, the injury and celluar infiltration in the pulmonary stroma and alveoli were more prominent than that in the control group. Lung wet weight/dry weight, the rate of neutrophils, protein content, pulmonary alveolar permeability, pulmonary vascular permeability were significantly increased (P<0.01); NO and iNOS were also markedly elevated (P<0.01). In the groups of dexamethasone and Rhubarb, the histopathological changes were significantly milder, and all the above biological indexes of lung injury and the contents of NO and the activities of iNOS were correspondingly decreased (P<0.05). The above data demonstrate that NO and the activities of iNOS play an important role in the onset of ALI; dexamethasone and Rhubarb interfering treatment can ameliorate lung injury and decrease the concentrations of NO and iNOS, showing that through inhibiting the levels of NO and the activities of iNOS, these 2 agents exert protective effect on ALI induced LPS.

Representation of London as the Centre of Power, Hopes and Fears in Naipaul＇s The Mimic Men

London, one of the most popular settings in literature, is portrayed in many literary works not only as the centre of power, dreams, expectations, and fears, but also as the city of plurality and multiplicity of cultures. Considering V. S. Naipaul＇s The Mimic Men （1967） in terms of the depiction of London, what comes to the fore is that Naipaul＇s own background has an undeniable impact upon his illustration of London. Naipaul, as an in-between individual belonging to his hometown Trinidad and also to England, where he received his education, has experienced a metaphorical colonization due to his inner conflicts because of his hybridity. In this sense, in The Mimic Men, he creates his character Ralph Singh, who is struggling with the social and political forces and trying to find a place not only in his own country on the Caribbean Island of Isabella, but also among the English in London as a politician. In the novel, London is regarded as the city of freedom and hopes as well as the city of disillusionments and hopelessness. Therefore, in this paper, hybridity, otherness in London, and the influence of Naipaul＇s own biography upon his portrayal of London in The Mimic Men will be explored.

Gender Equality, Gender Inequality, and Gender Complementarity： Insights from Igbo Traditional Culture

The aim of this paper is to examine some theories of gender with a view to use them as bases for evaluating, assessing, and analyzing gender equality and inequality in Igbo traditional culture. In pursuance of this aim, particular attention will be paid to Igbo leadership practice. Were men and women equal in traditional Igbo culture？ If they were, which theories of gender equality are thereby corroborated and which are refuted？ Was the political landscape of the traditional Igbo a male terrain or was there a balance between men and women？ What was the degree of participation of both men and women？ The paper lays down certain criteria in order to determine equal or unequal or complementary status. These include access to resources, autonomy, and power. One or two lessons are drawn from the insights.

Resistin might not be a risk factor for carotid artery atherosclerosis in elderly Chinese males

Objective To investigate the correlation between the serum resistin level and carotid artery atherosclerosis in elderly Chinese males. Methods The study enrolled 235 elderly Chinese males [median age 76 （range 60-97） years] scheduled for ultrasound examination of carotid artery plaque and determination of carotid artery intima-media thickness （CIMT）. They were divided into carotid atherosclerotic plaque （CAP） and carotid atherosclerotic plaque-free （CAP-free） groups according to the ultrasound results. Their clinical profiles were col-lected, and the serum resistin and other blood biochemistry levels were determined.Results The CAP group was older and had a thicker mean CIMT than the CAP-free group. However, there was no difference in the serum resistin level between the groups. CIMT was positively correlated with age （r = 0.299,P〈 0.001）. The serum resistin level was not correlated with CIMT, even after controlling for age. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that age （β = 0.001,P〈 0.001） and body mass index （β = 0.002,P= 0.015） were significantly and posi-tively correlated with the mean CIMT. Only age [odds ratio （OR）： 1.159; 95% confidence interval （CI）： 1.078-1.183,P〈 0.001] was associ-ated with the presence of carotid artery atherosclerotic plaque. The serum resistin level was not correlated with the mean CIMT or associated with the presence of carotid artery atherosclerotic plaque.Conclusion The results suggest that resistin might not be a risk factor for atherosclerosis in elderly Chinese males.

The Therapeutic Effects of Sheng Jing Zhong Zi Tang in Treating Male Infertility

Eight-seven cases of male infertility due to spermatopathy were treated with Sheng Jing Zhong Zi Tang (SJZZT [symbol: see text]) for 1-3 courses. The total effective rate was 95.40% (83/87). 56.32% (49/87) of their spouses got pregnant and the semen quality was markedly improved (P

Substantial study on the occupation development of gender equality

Men and women participate in many social activities through professional roles.The main content of this study is the occupation development gender equality,which is a recessive change of quantity.Therefore,we cannot concretely measure it to some extent,but through the structure square distance model and employees' feeling about the process,we can reflect its difference.The results of studying the feelings of male and female employees show that the gender equality is a problem,and there is a difference for men and women in career development.

A Clinical Investigation on Zhi Ling Tang for Treatment of Senile Dementia

Zhi Ling Tang (ZLT [symbol: see text], a TCM prescription designed for replenishing essence, supplementing marrow, invigorating qi, warming yang, removing blood stasis and phlegm, tonifying the brain, and invigorating mental activity) was used in 32 cases of senile dementia (SD). After treatment, the levels of serum cholesterol (Tch), triglyceride (TG), and plasma lipid peroxides (LPO) were lowered; the content of high density lipoprotein (HDL) and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in RBC significantly elevated, the cerebral blood flow was increased; latent period of P300 and P3 waves was shortened while the amplitude of P3 elevated; and topographic electroencephalogram, revised Hasegawa dementia scales (HDS) scores (P

Varieties of Igbo Dialect A Study of Some Communities in Old Aguata Local Government Area

The Igbo language has grown and developed to what is known as Standard Igbo （Igbo Izugbe） today. Series of efforts have gone into the modification and invention of words to ensure wider acceptability and intelligibility While this is a welcome idea, the tendency of the loss of communal identity in terms of the original local variety of the Igbo Language spoken by each community becomes very obvious. As Igbos can easily distinguish an Anambra man from an Imo man, it is also necessary that within Arlambra, one should be able to locate a particular town in the area through the spoken Igbo Language variety. This paper studies some of these local variants and advocates for a method of preserving such rich cultural heritage which are so valuable for posterity