钢铁制造流程“界面”技术与界面能量损失分析

从钢铁制造流程的特点出发,阐述了"界面"技术的必要性及"界面"技术的内涵,并指出炼铁-炼钢"界面"、炼钢-连铸"界面"和连铸-热轧"界面"的物质流运行优化及界面功能匹配集成对降低全流程能耗、物耗、降低成本和促进环保具有重要的作用,以期引起钢铁行业从业者尤其是管理者的重视。还针对年产290万t的棒线材流程企业,计算了该流程的余热余能资源量及热损失情况,并剖析了不同条件下工序之间"界面"过程的能量损失情况。最后指出优化炼铁-炼钢"界面"的铁水运输、炼钢-连铸"界面"的钢包周转和连铸-热轧"界面"的铸坯输送是减少流程热损失的工作重点,同时还应重视热轧结束时热轧材的余热回收利用技术开发。

小方坯连铸-轧钢“界面”技术的发展与应用

运用冶金流程工程学观点,并结合工厂应用实例对小方坯热送热装技术、直接轧制技术和铸轧型无头轧制技术的发展和应用进行了介绍。以小方坯连铸-轧钢制造流程为例,讨论了冶金制造流程中时间、空间等关键要素的配置方法对整个流程中能量耗散的影响,研究了冶金流程典型耗散系统中物质流、能量流和信息流实现"层流"运行的关键技术以及应用效果。通过理论分析和工厂实例,证明通过优化连铸-轧钢"界面"衔接,建立物质流、能量流、信息流优化的运行网络并且实现高效运行,可以显著降低整个棒线材生产流程的能量耗散,节约大量能源,从而实现降本增效、节能减排、绿色化生产。

全废钢电炉流程电炉-连铸“界面”优化研究

“界面”技术优化是钢铁制造流程优化的重要切入口。阐述了电炉-连铸区段“界面”技术的内涵和分类,并以唐山某钢厂为例,对全废钢电炉流程电炉-连铸区段“界面”进行物质流运行过程事件解析、时间解析和温度解析。在此基础上,采用排队论方法对该钢厂钢包在线周转数量进行优化,结果表明:钢包在线周转数量有望从现有的6~7个减为5个。

Energy Dependence of Interface Trap Density——Investigated by Relaxation Spectral Technique

According to the definition of interface traps,a new application of relaxation spectral technique to sub-threshold swing shift and sub-threshold gate voltage shift is proposed to extract interface trap density in 1.9nm MOSFET.And thus the energy distribution of interface trap can be determined.According to the two methods,the energy profile of interface traps agrees with those reported in literature.Compared to other methods,this method is simpler and more convenient.

An Intermediate Reference Datum Static Correction Technique and Its Applications

Static corrections using the conventional method are basically conducted in two steps, the weathering correction followed by the correction from the top of the sub-weathering to the unified datum. However, the conventional method fails to well deal with statics problems in case the top of the sub-weathering is sharply undulated and the lateral velocity of the sub-weathering varies significantly. This brings us to the introduction of a smooth intermediate reference datum （IRD） located under the top of the sub-weathering, which helps to further increase the accuracy of statics based on the weathering corrections, and ensures the imaging quality. Good results based on the IRD technique have been achieved in the complex areas in western China. This paper discusses the IRD functions, its application requirements, and selection of related parameters. Some typical sections for comparison are also given in this paper.

Dye tracer infiltration technique to investigate macropore flow paths in Maka Mountain, Yunnan Province, China

In order to investigate the differences of macropores vertical distribution under different surface plants, and to assess the influences of root systems, organic matter and texture on macropore flow paths, two dye tracer infiltration experiments were performed in slopes under two different plants(Campylotropis polyantha(Franch.) Schindl vs. Cynodon dactylon(Linn.) Pers). Dye tracer infiltration experiments with field observations and measurements of soil properties were combined. Results show that the discrepancy in macropores distribution between two slopes under different plants is significant. Root systems have significant effects on macropore flow paths distribution and the effect become more pronounced as the diameter of roots become larger. Organic matter and stone are important factors to affect macropores distribution. Root-soil interface, inter-aggregate macropore and stone-soil interface are important macropore flow paths in well vegetated slopes.

Interface and thermal expansion of carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composites

Two kinds of unidirectional PAN M40 carbon fiber （55%, volume fraction） reinforced 6061Al and 5A06Al composites were fabricated by the squeeze-casting technology and their interface structure and thermal expansion properties were investigated. Results showed that the combination between aluminum alloy and fibers was well in two composites and interface reaction in M40/5A06Al composite was weaker than that in M40/6061Al composite. Coefficients of thermal expansion （CTE） of M40/Al composites varied approximately from （1.45-2.68）×10^-6 K^-1 to （0.35-1.44）×10^-6 K^-1 between 20℃ and 450℃, and decreased slowly with the increase of temperature. In addition, the CTE of M40/6061Al composite was lower than that of M40/SA06Al composite. It was observed that fibers were protruded significantly from the matrix after thermal expansion, which demonstrated the existence of interface sliding between fiber and matrix during the thermal expansion. It was believed that weak interracial reaction resulted in a higher CTE. It was found that the experimental CTEs were closer to the predicted values by Schapery model.

Material flow control technology of ironmaking and steelmaking interface

In order to achieve higher efficient cohesion match of procedure and equipment between ironmaking and steelmaking interface, the theory of multi-dimensional material flow control was applied to analyze torpedo ladle-iron ladle transportation process between blast furnace and basic oxygen furnace. Moreover, basic parameters of material flow were analyzed and optimized, such as time, temperature and material quantity. Based on operating principles of material flow, control methods were optimized, such as product organization mode, scheduling discipline and scheduling plan of hot metal ladle. Finally, the material flow control technology of ironmaking and steelmaking interface was integrated. Satisfactory effects are obtained after applying the technology in practice. The total turnover number of torpedo ladle decreases from 20 to 18, the hot metal temperature of 1# BF torpedo ladle decreases from 36 °C to 19.5 °C, the hot metal temperature of 2# BF torpedo ladle decreases from 36.6 °C to 19.8 °C, the temperature drop of desulfurization hot metal decreases by 4 °C, and the temperature drop of non-desulfurization hot metal decreases by 2.8 °C. Furthermore, the ironmaking and steelmaking interface system will realize high-efficiency control by using this control technology.

Measurement of Concentration Fields near the Interface of a Rising Bubble by Holographic Interference Technique

holographic interference, concentration near the interface, bubble , mass transfer

The Mechanism of Interfacial Mass Transfer in Gas Absorption Process

Based on the method of molecular thermodynamics, the mass transfer mechanism at gas-liquid interface is studied theoretically, and a new mathematical model is proposed. Using laser holographic interference technique, the hydrodynamics and mass transfer characteristics of CO2 absorption are measured. It is shown that the calculated results are in good agreement with the experimental data.

Performance of interface between TRC and existing concrete under a chloride dry-wet cycle environment

Textile-reinforced concrete(TRC)is suitable to repair and reinforce concrete structures in harsh environments.The performance of the interface between TRC and existing concrete is an important factor in determining the strengthening effect of TRC.In this paper,a double-sided shear test was performed to investigate the effects of the chloride dry-wet cycles on the average shear strength and slip at the interface between the TRC and existing concrete,also considering the existing concrete strength,bond length,textile layer and short-cut fiber arrangements.In addition,X-ray diffraction(XRD)technology was used to analyze the microscopic matter at the interface in the corrosive environment.The experimental results indicate that the interface performance between TRC and existing concrete would decrease with continued chloride dry-wet cycles.Compared with the specimen with a single layer of textile reinforcement,the specimens with two layers of textile with added PVA or AR-glass short-cut fibers could further improve the properties of the interface between the TRC layer and existing concrete.For the TRC with a single layer of textile,the average shear strength tended to decrease with increasing bond length.In addition,the strength grade of the existing concrete had a minor effect on the interface properties.

On visual art elements of the web interface

With the rapid development of modern high-tech, human society is advancing towards the information age. The advent of Intemet technology has brought mankind a new communication experience, and it makes communication between people undergo a fimdamental change. Today＇ s information and communication has broken the traditional way, storage, use and exchange of information are all inseparable from the network, the platform. Network development is affecting all aspects of human behavior and production life. In network technology, web interface design is a very important part. Web interface design is inseparable from the visual arts, both in mutual integration and the overall design, so that the web interface has the aesthetic appeal of the visual arts and the humanities connotation. Due to the development of network technology, people also put forward higher requirements for web design. Web interface design should not only reflect the excellent content, but also create one of the most intuitive visual arts presentation form. This text will begin from a Web page design and production, analyzed and studied its visual art elements to achieve a reasonable and beautiful web interface.

Speech Recognition Technology Applied to Intelligent Mobile Navigation System

The capability of human_computer interaction reflects the intelligent degree of mobile navigation system.The navigation data and functions of mobile navigation system are divided into system commands and non_system commands in this paper.And then a group of speech commands are abstracted.This paper applies speech recognition technology to intelligent mobile navigation system to process speech commands and does some deep research on the integration of speech recognition technology with mobile navigation system.The navigation operation can be performed by speech commands,which makes human_computer interaction easy during navigation.Speech command interface of navigation system is implemented by Dutty ++ Software,which is based on speech recognition system _Via Voice of IBM.Through navigation experiments,navigation can be done almost without keyboard,which proved that human_computer interaction is very convenient by speech commands and the reliability is also higher.

Adaptive Lagrange finite element methods for high precision vibrations and piezoelectric acoustic wave computations in SMT structures and plates with nano interfaces

This paper discusses the validity of (adaptive) Lagrange generalized plain finite element method (FEM) and plate element method for accurate analysis of acoustic waves in multi-layered piezoelectric structures with tiny interfaces between metal electrodes and surface mounted piezoelectric substrates. We have come to conclusion that the quantitative relationships between the acoustic and electric fields in a piezoelectric structure can be accurately determined through the proposed finite element methods. The higher-order Lagrange FEM proposed for dynamic piezoelectric computation is proved to be very accurate (prescribed relative error 0.02% - 0.04% ) and a great improvement in convergence accuracy over the higher order Mindlin plate element method for piezoelectric structural analysis due to the assumptions and corrections in the plate theories.The converged lagrange finite element methods are compared with the plate element methods and the computedresults are in good agreement with available exact and experimental data. The adaptive Lagrange finite elementmethods and a new FEA computer program developed for macro- and micro-scale analyses are reviewed, and recently extended with great potential to high-precision nano-scale analysis in this paper and the similarities between piezoelectric and seismic wave propagations in layered structures and plates are stressed.

A Single-Finger Operated Noncontact User Interface

A noncontact user interface using image processing for people with neuromuscular diseases is presented in this paper. The user interface is composed of a Web camera and a PC, and allows users to manipulate the PC using small movements of single finger. By using image processing techniques with the Web camera, the finger is appropriately detected from the images captured by it. Control boxes for pointing and text input functions are also made. To verify performances of the interface, some tasks are experimentally performed by three able-bodied subjects and a person suffering from spinal muscular atrophy. It was clear from the experimental results that all the subjects could smoothly nerforrn the t,~k~

Research on Building the Resource Library of Course Teaching based on the Cloud Computing

This paper puts forward sharing teaching resources based on cloud computing solutions, through the use of architecture means virtualization technology based on KVM on the server side, the infrastructure layer manage the underlying physical hardware equipment. In the realization of the infrastructure layer using Libvirt virtualization management suite that provides a common API development Web, through the RDP protocol, and finally access to the remote virtual desktop browser by the graphical user interface （GUI） and traditional Web B/S architecture, to simulate and access to low-level resources and sharing of teaching resources, teaching resources can be achieved education informatization in the process of teaching.

基于流程仿真的炼钢-连铸区段运行效率分析

炼钢-连铸区段是钢铁制造流程的核心区段,其运行效率对于流程整体运行的高效-稳定、协同-连续具有重要影响。如何进一步提升炼钢-连铸区段的运行效率,是“碳达峰”“碳中和”背景下钢铁行业面临的重要课题之一。以国内某转炉炼钢厂为研究对象,基于实际生产数据的解析,采用Python工具构建炼钢-连铸区段运行仿真模型,并以钢包周转周期、在线周转钢包数量、出钢至开浇时间、周转过程总等待时间、最大完工时间作为评价指标,系统研究排程规则等生产因素对炼钢-连铸区段运行效率的影响。此外,基于低碳、低成本生产的迫切要求,初步探究转炉高废钢比冶炼和夜间LF精炼类钢种集中生产2类模式下炼钢-连铸区段的运行效率。研究结果表明,所研究生产因素对炼钢-连铸区段运行效率影响程度的排序为排程规则>工序作业周期匹配性>工序作业周期波动。相比于炉机一一对应和设备作业均衡排程规则,所研究炼钢厂目前采用的设备最早可用排程规则更适用于复杂生产工况,在此基础上,通过缩小精炼周期波动范围可进一步提高炼钢-连铸区段运行效率。所研究炼钢厂“1座转炉高废钢比冶炼+2座转炉常规冶炼”的模式具有可行性,对于超低碳钢,高废钢比炉次的比例控制在15%为宜,同时,为保证运行效率,需满足前后工序生产节奏的匹配。夜间LF精炼类钢种集中生产模式能否有效实施的关键在于连浇炉数的控制,其中,典型低碳钢、包晶钢的合理连浇炉数范围分别为8~12炉和6~9炉。提出的流程仿真方法也可用于炼铁、轧钢等区段运行效率的研究,具有较高的普适性。

A study on surface symmetry and interfacial enhancement of SrTiO_3 by second harmonic generation

The symmetry of the surfaces of SrTiO3 and slightly Nb-doped SrTiO3 crystals was investigated by the optical reflected second harmonic generation technique. The good agreement between experimental and theoretical results of the second harmonic in- tensity dependence on the azimuth angle indicates that the SrTiO3 （001） surface is with 4ram symmetry and the Nb-doped SrTiO3 （111） surface with 3m symmetry. The measurements of the polarization dependent second harmonic intensity confirm that conclusion. The enhancement of the surface polarization in the structure of SrTiO3 capped La0.9Sr0.1MnO3 films compared with that in the La0.9Sr0.1MnO3 films has been obtained.

Solvent switching and purification of colloidal nano- particles through water/oil Interfaces within a density gradient

Traditional post-treatment of colloidal nanoparticles （NPs） usually involves repeated centrifugation-wash-sonication processes to separate NPs from the original synthetic environment; however, such separation processes have either high energy cost or low efficiency and tend to cause aggregation. Here we show a general and scalable colloid post-processing technique based on density gradient centrifugation through water/oil interfaces. Such a one-step technique can switch the solvent in a colloid at almost any concentration without aggregation, and meanwhile purify colloidal nanoparticles by separating them from by-products and environmental impurities. Droplet sedimentation was shown to be the mechanism of this one-step concentration/purification process, and mathematical modeling was established to quantify the accumulation and sedimentation velocities of different NPs.

Measurement of thermal boundary conductance between metal and dielectric materials using femtosecond laser transient thermoreflectance technique

The thermal boundary conductance of Al/SiO2, Al/Si, Au/SiO2, and Au/Si are measured by a femtosecond laser transient thermoreflectance technique. The distinct differences of the interfacial thermal conductance between these samples are observed. For the same metal film, the thermal boundary conductance between metal and substrate decreases with the thermal conductivity of the substrate. The measured results are explained with the phonon diffusion mismatch model by introducing a phonon transmission coefficient across the interface.