梭道“白皮”的成因及对策

在涤棉织物的织造过程中,梭子和走梭板之间摩擦产生的热量达到涤纶纤维或PVA的玻璃化温度后,固态物质变成液态物质,粘附在梭子和梭道上形成“白皮”,通过调整染料,控制温湿度,提高梭子光洁度及开口时间,有效减少摩擦等措施,使“白皮”问题得到彻底解决。

基于网络药理学探讨桑白皮汤治疗支气管扩张症的潜在作用机制

目的基于网络药理学方法探讨桑白皮汤(Sangbaipi Decoction,SBPD)治疗支气管扩张症的潜在作用机制。方法通过TCMSP数据库收集SBPD中药的主要活性成分和靶点;检索GeneCards数据库、NCBI基因数据库、OMIM数据库以及CTD数据库获取支气管扩张症的疾病靶点。获取交集靶点后利用STRING数据库构建蛋白质互作网络,通过DAVID数据库进行GO和KEGG功能富集分析。结果筛选得到SBPD的152个活性化合物和261个靶点,支气管扩张症疾病靶点1950个,交集靶点133个。GO功能富集分析结果显示SBPD可涉及2256条生物学过程、149项分子功能、60项细胞组成。KEGG通路富集分析得到164条信号通路,主要包括白细胞介素-17(IL-17)信号通路、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)信号通路、甲型流感信号通路等。结论SBPD治疗支气管扩张症具有多成分、多靶点、多通路的网络化互作特点,多成分通过调控与支扩病理生理密切相关的一系列信号通路,发挥抗氧化应激、抗炎、肺损伤保护等多重调控作用。

桑白皮汤加减治疗痰热郁肺证AECOPD疗效及对患者中医证候积分、血清CCL-18、MMP-9水平的影响

目的观察桑白皮汤加减治疗痰热郁肺证慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重(acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,AECOPD)的疗效及对患者中医证候积分、血清趋化因子配体(CCL-18)、金属基质蛋白酶(MMP-9)水平的影响。方法将2020年1月—2022年3月于医院治疗的65例痰热郁肺证AECOPD患者随机分为观察组33例与对照组32例。对照组给予常规治疗,观察组在对照组基础上给予桑白皮汤加减治疗。比较两组临床疗效,比较治疗前、治疗后两组中医证候积分、动脉血气分析[动脉氧分压(PaO_(2))、动脉二氧化碳分压(PaCO_(2))]、免疫指标[免疫球蛋白A(IgA)、免疫球蛋白G(IgG)、免疫球蛋白M(IgM)]、血清相关指标[趋化因子配体(CCL-18)、金属基质蛋白酶(MMP-9)、可溶性细胞黏附因子-1(sICAM-1)、纤维蛋白原(Fib)]水平。结果治疗10 d后,观察组临床控制占比明显高于对照组(t=4.826,P=0.028)。两组中医证候评分(咳嗽、咯痰、气喘、哮鸣、胸闷)、PaCO_(2)、血清相关指标(CCL-18、MMP-9、sICAM-1、Fib)均低于治疗前,观察组低于对照组(P<0.05);两组PaO_(2)、免疫功能(IgA、IgG、IgM)均高于治疗前,且观察组高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论桑白皮汤治疗AECOPD痰热郁肺证患者效果显著,可改善患者临床症状,提高免疫功能,降低血清CCL-18、MMP-9、sICAM-1、Fib水平。

加味葶苈大枣桑白皮汤治疗心衰临床观察

目的探讨加味葶苈大枣桑白皮汤对右心衰竭及全心衰竭的治疗作用。方法将92例患者随机分为两组,对照组31例采用西医常规治疗,治疗组61例在西医常规治疗基础上加用加味葶苈大枣桑白皮汤;治疗4周后观察两组的临床疗效及血流动力学指标的变化。结果治疗组总有效率93.4%,高于对照组之87.1%;治疗后两组血流动力学四项指标均有明显改善,而治疗组改善更佳。结论加味葶苈大枣桑白皮汤能够改善心功能,配合西医治疗可提高治疗右心衰竭及全心衰竭的疗效。

桑枝、桑白皮体外降糖作用研究

目的研究桑枝、桑白皮体外降糖作用,初步探讨其降糖作用机理。方法采用与人肝细胞表型相似的HepG2细胞,检测24h后培养液中葡萄糖的消耗量,用MTT法监测细胞增殖的情况。结果桑枝、桑白皮在高糖状态下可使HepG2细胞的葡萄糖消耗量增加,对胰岛素刺激的HepG2细胞的葡萄糖消耗量增加有协同作用。结论促进外周组织的葡萄糖代谢、提高肝细胞对胰岛素的敏感性可能是桑枝、桑白皮防治2型糖尿病作用的机理之一。

非法经营罪与生产、销售伪劣产品罪之界分--以非法生产销售“白皮烟”为例

目前我国司法实践对“白皮烟”的认定标准和法理解释还不够清晰与规范,导致在法律适用时对罪与非罪、此罪与彼罪的判断出现分歧。可以从非法经营罪和生产、销售伪劣产品罪的法益归属、主观故意、犯罪数额和罪数判断进行区分,厘清刑法中两罪的罪质,明确两罪刑法界分模糊的根源,结合两罪客观行为的类型合理划定两罪的刑法边界。

Evidence of Casparian Strip in the Foliar Endodermis of Pinus bungeana

利用荧光显微镜对白皮松 (PinusbungeanaZucc.)针叶内皮层结构进行深入观察 ,确认内皮层径向壁和横向壁上具有能够激发荧光的带状结构 ;用纤维素酶和果胶酶对内皮层充分酶解分离后 ,首次从叶中得到类似于根部内皮层特有的网状结构 ;应用傅立叶变换红外光谱分光术 (FTIR)对网状结构进行化学成分鉴定 ,其吸收光谱的分析结果表明 ,针叶内皮层细胞壁带状结构部分含有木质素、木栓质、纤维素和细胞壁蛋白等 ,而这些成分与针叶维管组织的成分不尽相同。上述证据表明 ,白皮松针叶内皮层细胞壁具有与根部内皮层相似的凯氏带结构。

Phylogenetic Relationship of an Extremely Endangered Species, Pinus squamata (Pinaceae) Inferred from Four Sequences of the Chloroplast Genome and ITS of the Nuclear Ribosomal DNA

Pinus squamata X. W. Li, a recently-described species of the Pinaceae, is an extremely endangered pine with only 32 individuals in the wild. This species was thought to be intermediate between P. bungeana Zuec. ex Endl. of subgen. Strobus and P. yunnanensis Franch. of subgen. Pinus by the original author. We made an effort to address the question of the phylogenetic relationship of this peculiar and important species in the context of the major groups of the genus Pinus by using sequences of the rbcL, matK,genes, rpl20-rps18 spacer, trnV intron of the chloroplast genome and the nuclear ribosomal ITS region. The results of the separated analysis and the combined analysis of the four cpDNA sequences and ITS sequence indicated that P. squamata was a stable member of subsect. Gerardianae and P. gerardiana Wall. was the closest species of P. squamata phylogenetically. As a result, the causes of the distribution pattern of subsect. Gerardianae were also discussed.

Isolation and Identification of the Pathogen Causing Skin Ulcer Disease in Cynoglossus semilaevis Günther and Its Sensitivity to Chinese Herbal Medicine

In this study, the pathogen causing skin ulcer disease in Cynoglossus semilaevis Gunther was isolated for morphological observation, physiological and bio- chemical identification. According to the result, the isolated pathogen was identified as Vibrio harveyi. The results of recurrent infection of C. semilaevis Gonther showed that the pathogen was strongly pathogenic to C. semilaevis Gunther. In or- der to explore the pathogenesis, outer membrane protein （OMP） gene of C. semi- laevis Gunther was detected by PCR. The results showed that all the three repre- sentative strains harbored OMP gene. According to the results of sensitivity test of the pathogen to Chinese herbal medicine, Galla Chinensis, Fructus Mume, Fructus Hippophae and Lignum Sappan exerted strong antibacterial effects against V. harveyr, Pericarpium Granati exhibited slight antibacterial effect against V. harveyi; Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae, Rhizoma Acori GramineL Herba Houttuyniae, Herba Portulacae, Herba Andrographis, Eucalyptus globulus Labill. and Herba Menthae Heplocalycis had little effect on V. harveyi. Galla Chinensis, Fructus Mume, Fructus Hippophae and Lignum Sappan were prepared into three prescriptions, among which prescription 1 （Galla Chinensis ＋ Fructus Mume） exhibited the strongest antibacterial effect.

A Comparative Study on Three Methods for the Extraction of Total RNA from Pinus bungeana

[Objective] The aim of this study was to compare three RNA extraction methods and thus find out the suitable one for isolating intact and high quality total RNA from Pinus bungeana.[Method] Employing three extraction methods of Trizol,RNeasy Mini Kit,LiCl precipitation,total RNAs of P.bungeana were extracted from pine leaf samples,and their integrity and purity were detected via agarose gel electrophoresis and spectrophotometry for a comparative study.[Result] Among the three extraction methods,LiCl precipitation method demonstrated higher yield and better integrity of total extracted RNA,with OD260/OD280 ratio between 1.8-2.0 and clear 28 S and 18 S bands in electrophoresis pattern.[Conclusion] LiCl precipitation method could be used to extract highly pure and intact total RNA from P.bungeana.

Sustained Contraction of Isolated Rabbit Thoracic Aortic Rings in Endothelial-dependent Manner Induced by βγ-CAT

In vertebrates, non-lens βγ-crystallins are widely expressed in various tissues and their functions are not well known. The molecular mechanisms of trefoil factors （TFFs）, which involved in mucosal healing and tumorigenesis, have remained elusive. βγ-CAT is a novel multifunctional protein complex of non-lens βγ-crystallin and trefoil factor from frog skin secretions. Here we report that βγ-CAT could induce sustained contraction of isolated rabbit aortic rings in dosage （2-35nmol/L） and endothelium dependent manners （P〈0.01 ）. In addition, in situ immunofluorescence indicated that positive TNF-α signals were mainly detected at the endothelial cell layer of βγ-CAT （25nmol/L） treated rings. Furthermore, βγ-CAT induced primary cultured rabbit thoracic aortic endothelial cells （RAECs） rapidly to release TNF-α. After βγ-CAT （25nmol/L） treated for 10 and 30min, the levels of the endothelial cells released TNF-ct were 34.17±5.10 pg/mL and 98.01±4.67 pg/mL （P〈0.01）, respectively. In conclusion, βγ-CAT could induce sustained contraction of isolated aortic rings, and the contractile effect might be partially explained by the release of TNF-α. These findings will give new insight into understanding the functions and physiological roles of non-lens βγ-crystallins and trefoil factors.

Spectrin-like Protein in the Phloem of Cucumis sativus

Spectrin-like protein has been found in a variety of plant cells. In this study, electron microscopic observation of immuno-gold labelled preparations from the leaf petiole of cucumber ( Cucumis sativus L.) shows that it also exists in the sieve element-companion cell (SE-CC) complex, being widely distributed in P-protein filaments and sieve element reticulum (SER), in the cytoplasm and mitochondrial membrane of companion cell (CC) and in the branched plasmodesmata between sieve element (SE) and CC as well. The results suggest that this protein could be synthesized in CC and transferred to SE through plasmodesmata. Western blotting showed that spectrin-like protein existed in the protein of phloem exudate of cucumber, and its molecular weight was about 260 kD.

Natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery: Progress in humans since white paper

Since the first description of the concept of natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES), a substantial number of clinical NOTES reports have appeared in the literature. This editorial reviews the available human data addressing research questions originally proposed by the white paper, including determining the optimal method of access for NOTES, developing safe methods of lumenal closure, suturing and anastomotic devices, advanced multitasking platforms, addressing the risk of infection, managing complications, addressing challenges with visualization, and training for NOTES procedures. An analysis of the literature reveals that so far transvaginal access and closure appear to be the most feasible techniques for NOTES, with a limited, but growing transgastric, transrectal, and transesophageal NOTES experience in humans. The theoretically increased risk of infection as a result of NOTES procedures has not been substantiated in transvaginal and transgastric procedures so far. Development of suturing and anastomotic devices and advanced platforms for NOTES has progressed slowly, with limited clinical data on their use so far. Data onthe optimal management and incidence of intraoperative complications remain sparse, although possible factors contributing to complications are discussed. Finally, this editorial discusses the likely direction of future NOTES development and its possible role in clinical practice.

Effect of recombinant human interleukin-11 on expressions of interleukin-11 receptorα-chain and glycoprotein 130 in intestinal epithelium cell line-6 after neutron irradiation

AIM： To explore the effect of recombinant human interleukin-11 （rhIL-11） on the expressions of interleukin-11 receptor α-chain （IL-11Rα） and an additional signal transducer glycoprotein 130 （gp130） in intestinal epithelium cell line-6 （IEC-6） after neutron irradiation. METHODS： Cultured IEC-6 cells were exposed to 4.0Gy neutron and treated with 100 ng/mL rhIL-11 12 h prior to or immediately after irradiation. The apoptosis and necrosis rates and expressions of IL-11Rα and gp130 were observed by flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, Western blot and image analysis. RESULTS： The apoptosis rate of IEC-6 cells was increased by irradiation at 6 h （P 〈 0.01）, IL-11 stimulation resulted in a decreased apoptosis rate in irradiated IEC-6 cells （P 〈 0.05）. In normal control IEC-6 cells, intense immunoreactivity of IL-11Rα was located within the cell membrane and cytoplasm. The level of IL-11Rα expression significantly decreased at 6 h after irradiation （P 〈 0.01） and restored at 24 h after irradiation. In IEC-6 cells treated with both radiation and rhIL-11, the level of IL- 11Rα expression was higher than that of irradiated cells （P 〈 0.05）. When it came to gp130 protein, it was located in the cytoplasm of IEC-6 cells. After irradiation, we found a progressive decrease in the expression of gp130 protein （P 〈 0.05） in 48 hours post-radiation, while in rhIL-11-stimulated cells, it came back to normal level at 24 h after irradiation and decreased at 48 h, but was still higher than that of only irradiated cells （P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： rhIL-11 can protect IEC-6 cells from neutron irradiation. The protective effect of rhIL-11 might be connected with its ability to up-regulate the expressions of specific ligand-binding subunit IL-11Rα and signal-transducing subunit gp130.

Molecular Cloning and Bioinformatical Analysis of a cDNA Encoding Mitochondrial 50S Ribosomal Protein L21 from Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.

[Objective] ＂Tapping panel dryness （TPD）＂, a syndrome known as tapping incision blocked partly or entirely during latex exploiting, has become the most important factor causing great losses for rubber production. Aiming to elucidate the molecular mechanism of tapping panel dryness occurrence, this study carried out molecular cloning and bioinformatical analysis of a mRPL21 cDNA sequence, a gene associated with TPD. [Method] In a preliminary study, an expressed sequence tag （EST） encoding a deduced protein homologous to mitochondrial 50S ribosomal protein L21 （mRPL21）, which showed to be down-regulated in the latex of TPD-affected rubber trees, was isolated by suppression subtractive hybridization （SSH）. After ESTs assembling and RT-PCR validation, an 853 bp cDNA sequence with an open reading frame （ORF） was cloned, which was named as HbmRPL21 under GenBank accession number of HM230670. [Result] Bioinformatical analysis suggests that HbmRPL21 encodes a deduced polypeptide of 271 amino acids with a theoretical molecular weight （Mw） of 30.52 kDa and isolectric point （pI） of 8.40, and HbmRPL21 is a mitochondrion-targeted protein with a conserved domain of Ribosomal_L21p involving translation. Homology analysis reveals high amino acid sequence identity of mRPL21 from plants, while diversity of that between plant and animal kingdom. [Conclusion] This study laid the basis for further revealing the biological functions of mRPL21 in TPD-affected rubber trees.

Study on Promoting Effect of Mycorrhizal Fungi Inoculation on Pinus bungeana Growth

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the promoting effect of mycorrhizal fungi inoculation on growth of Pinus bungeana. MethodPinus bungeana young trees and ancient trees were inoculated with different doses of Pisolithus tinctorius, to investigate the effect on Pinus bungeana growth. ResultAfter inoculated with Pisolithus tinctorius, the mycorrhizal infection rate in roots of Pinus bungeana young trees and ancient trees increased significantly; mycorrhizal infection rate of Pinus bungeana young trees was enhanced with the increasing dose of Pisolithus tinctorius; mycorrhizal fungi inoculation could significantly promote the growth of Pinus bungeana ancient trees, which also had significant promoting effect on the plant height of Pinus bungeana young trees but had no significant effect on the diameter at breast height; in addition, mycorrhizal fungi inoculation could promote the absorption of nitrogen and phosphorus by Pinus bungeana young trees. ConclusionThis study provided technical support for the cultivation of Pinus bungeana in the south of China.

Plasmodesmata: Dynamic Channels for Symplastic Transport

Plasmodesmata (PDs) are cytoplasmic structures that link adjacent cells to form the symplast of a plant. PDs are involved extensively in a plant's life by mediating symplastic transport of a wide range of ions and molecules. Major components of a plasmodesma (PD) include a plasma membrane, a desmotubule, and a cytoplasmic annulus, all of which are readily detectable by electron microscopy. Both the plasma membrane and the desmotubule contain proteinaceous particles, thought to be involved in altering the size of the cytoplasmic annulus. Cytoskeleton elements (actin and myosin) are essential for maintaining the integrity of PDs. Together with these elements, calcium_binding proteins probably play a significant role in regulating PD function. Symplastic transport occurs through the cytoplasmic annulus for the great majority of solutes, while other substances may traverse through the desmotubule internal compartment, the desmotubule shell, or the plasma membrane. The symplast is subdivided into several domains with varying molecular size exclusion limits (ranging from <1 kD to >10 kD). Plasmodesmata can be either primary or secondary; the former are developed during new wall formation and the latter are made in existing walls. The dynamic nature of plasmodesmata is also reflected by their changing frequencies, which, in turn, depend on the developmental and physiological status of the tissue or the entire plant. While diffusion is the major mechanism of symplastic transport, plasmodesmata are selective for certain ions and molecules. Upon viral infection, viral movement proteins interact with PD receptor proteins and, as a result of yet unknown mechanisms, the plasmodesmata are remarkably dilated to allow viral movement proteins and the bound viral genome to enter healthy cells. Some proteins of plant origin are also able to traverse plasmodesmata, presumably in ways similar to viral movement proteins. Some of these plant proteins are probably signal molecules contributing to cell differentiation and other activities. Other proteins move cell_to_cell in a non_specific manner.

High Phenotypic Variation in Morus alba L. along an Altitudinal Gradient in the Indian Trans-Himalaya

Ten quantitative morphological characters were studied in 56 Morus alba L. trees representing three natural populations from the trans-Himalayan Ladakh region. The altitude of collection sites ranged from 2815 to 3177 m above the sea level(asl). Coefficient of variation(CV) showed high phenotypic variation in M. alba. Linear regression analysis revealed that leaf and fruit size decreases with an increase in altitude. High CV was observed for leaf length, leaf width, petiole length, leaf area, internodal distance, number of nodes, bud length, fruit length, fruit width and fruit weight. Similarly, a high phenotypic plasticity index was observed for bud length, leaf length, leaf width, petiole length, leaf area, inter-nodal distance, number of nodes, fruit length, fruit width and fruit weight. For every 100 m increase in altitude, leaf length, leaf width and leaf area decreased by 1 cm, 0.8 cm and 16.6 cm2, respectively. Analysis of covariance showed a predominant altitudinal effect on the morphological characters in comparison to the population effect. A small change in the altitude caused significant change in the plant morphological characteristics. The present investigation represents to our knowledge the first study addressing phenotypic variation in mulberryalong an altitudinal gradient.

Effects of HLEC on the secreted proteins of epithelial ovarian cancer cells prone to metastasize to lymph nodes

Objective： To study explores the effect of HLEC on the secreted proteins of epithelial ovarian cancer （EOC） cells （SKOV3-PM4） with directional highly lymphatic metastasis. Methods： Supernatants of four groups of cultured cells, namely, SKOV3 （A）, SKOV3＋HLEC （B）, SKOV3-PM4 （C）, SKOV3-PM4＋HLEC （D）, were collected, and their proteins were detected by antibody arrays and iTRAOcZD-LC-MALDI- TOF/TOF/MS. Significantly differential proteins were further analyzed via bioinformatics and validated in human serums and cell media via ELISA. Results： Results of antibody arrays and mass spectrometry demonstrated that GRN and VEGFA were upregulated in group C （compared with group A）, whereas IGFBP7 and SPARC were downregulated in group D （compared with group C）. Comprehensive bioinformatics analysis results showed that IGFBP7 and VEGFA were closely linked to each other. Further validation with serums showed statistical significance in VEGFA and IGFBP7 levels among groups of patients with ovarian cancers, benign tumors, and control groups. Two proteins were upegulated in the first group. VEGFA in the control group was downregulated. For IGFBP, upregulation in the control group and down-regulation in the first group were also observed. Conclusion： The HLEC microenvironment is closely associated with directional metastasis to lymph nodes and with differential proteins including cell stromal proteins and adhesion factors. The upregulation of VEGFA and GRN and the downregulation of SPARC and IGFBP7 are closely associated with directional metastasis to lymph nodes in EOC cells.