我国乳品企业社会责任缺失的原因及对策——以“皮革奶”为例

在安全事故频发的我国乳制品行业,消费者明显已对我国乳业信心不足。针对这一特殊行业,从消费者的视角界定了企业社会责任的主要内容,并分析了乳品企业社会责任缺失的原因,最后提出了驱动乳品企业承担社会责任的对策:宏观上依靠完善的法律,有效的执法及乳品企业的诚信体系建设;中观上依靠行业协会有效的引导与规范;微观上依靠广大的消费者及大众媒体对乳品企业进行监督。

自我救赎——“皮革大王”皮革人生

“既然我已经决定进入皮革行业发展．我的目标就是成为‘皮王’!”1993年，当王敏决心在皮革行业发展的时候．曾这样对母亲表明自己的决心和志向。

“皮革材料与手工艺”课程混合式教学模式的探索与实践

以“皮革材料与手工艺”课程为例,阐述了艺术实践类课程线上线下混合式教学模式的内涵。在教学实践中分析教学环境设计、教学过程设计、授课模式设计和教学反思设计,进而提出营造教学环境仪式感、信息技术追踪教学成效、探索团队授课模式和教学反思中融入思政元素等创新举措,为未来混合式教学提供参考和借鉴。

“皮革马利翁”效应在护理实训课教学中的应用

本文结合实际的教学工作,论述如何把"皮革马利翁"效应运用到护理实训课的教学中。认为"皮格马利翁"效应在教育过程中有一定的应用价值,值得广大教育工作者进一步研究及推广。

中国奶粉企业将如何应对洋奶粉的侵蚀

受"三聚氰胺"等多起食品安全事件的影响,我国乳业受到严重冲击,特别是国内奶粉市场步入"洋进国退"的尴尬境地,面对洋奶粉对国内市场的侵蚀,我国奶粉企业应如何应对,本文通过相关研究,分析原因,并对国内奶粉市场进行预测,进而提出应对措施。

Synthesis of Hyperbranched Polymers and Its Effect on Water Vapor Permeability of Microfiber Synthetic Leather

A series of hyperbranched poly(amine-ester)polyols were synthesized by the polycondensation of N,N-diethylol-3-amine-methylpropionate(prepared by Michael addition reaction of methyl acrylate with diethanolamine)as an AB2-type monomer with trimethylol propane as the core moiety,proceeding in one-step procedure in the melt with p-toluenesulfonic acid as catalyst.The obtained monomer and polymers were characterized by FTIR and 1H-NMR spectroscopy.The solubility and surface activity in aqueous solution of the polymers were also examined.The gas permeability,water vapor permeability,and moisture absorption of microfiber synthetic leather treated by hyperbranched polymer were studied.The optimum conditions were that the dosage of dye and hyperbranched polymer was 5% and 10%,respectively.The water vapor permeability and moisture absorption of microfiber synthetic leather reached to 0.525 4 mg/(10 cm2·24 h)and 0.046 7 mg/(10 cm2·24 h).Compared with blank samples,they increased by 15% and 35%,respectively.However,the dosage of hyperbranched polymer has little influence on gas permeability of microfiber synthetic leather.SEM results show that the fiber of microfiber synthetic leather treated by hyperbranched polymer is incompact.

A Novel Approach to Clean Tanning Technology

Traditional chrome tanning technology is still widely used today. In this technology, chrome shaving as well as chrome contained effluent in tanning and retanning processes is a big issue in the industry. Wet white tanning technology has been gaining in importance in recent years, but in general, the comprehensive performance of chrome-free tanned leather is not comparable with that of chrome tanned leather. In the present work, chrome-free tanning and chrome tanning are combined in a reversed procedure, which produces leather with chrome tanned leather quality without chrome tanned leather waste problems. In this procedure, a special amphoteric organic compound, no pickle, no salt chrome-free tanning agent TWT was used to tan delimed hides （no pickle） making wet white with shrinking temperature at 80-85 ~C. Then, new method called reversed tanning further process the wet white into chrome-tanned crust. In this reversed method, retanning, fatliquoring and coloring processes were carried out before chrome tanning. This technology eliminates chrome waste issue in tanning, shaving, post tanning processes. The chrome contained effluent is only concentrated in the last chrome tanning process. The leather made with this technology has complete conventional chrome-tanned leather quality. In this way, chrome leather quality without chrome waste problems was achieved. So, it is a new clean tanning technology.

Assessment of trace metals contamination in stream sediments and soils in Abuja leather mining, southwestern Nigeria

This study is aimed at determining the level of environmental degradation as well as the concentration of trace elements in soil and stream sediments in order to evaluate the environmental impact of the mining operation.Twenty-five(25) soils and ten(10) stream sediment samples were collected from the study area. The physicochemical parameters were determined using appropriate instrumentation with the aid of a digital p H meter(Milwaukee meter) to measure the p H and electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, moisture content and loss on ignition of the soil and stream sediment samples. The p H of the soil sample ranged from(6.10 to 7.19); Electrical conductivity ranged from(21.3 to 279.4 μS/cm), moisture content varied from(0.60% to 7.20%), and the LOI ranged from(2.03% to 18.62%). The results of the analysis showed that the concentrations of the trace elements in the soils and stream sediment samples were slightly higher than the background values. Plots of the trace elements in stream sediment samples show moderate, consistent decrease downstream except at points where there was mine water discharge into the main river. The pollution levels of heavy metals were examined in stream sediment and soil samples using different assessable indices, such as the enrichment factor, which showed significant-moderate enrichment for Cr, Th, Nb, Zn, Pb, Y and Zr and the geoaccumulation index, which showed practically moderate contamination with Cr, Ni and Sr based on regional background reference values. Geo-accumulation index and contamination index for soils and stream sediment revealed uncontaminated to moderate contamination. Likewise,elements with moderate contamination were Cr, Ni and Sr.The Pearson correlation showed that there were significant positive associations among selected metals in soil and stream sediment samples.

Deformation Characteristics of Leather for Shoe Upper, Filled with Natural Minerals

A promising direction in the tanning industry is the use of natural minerals as environmentally friendly technologically efficient materials that are able to adjust and regulate the efficiency of formation of the dermis structure and the properties of finished leather. The use of finely-dispersed minerals promotes alignment of topographic areas in thickness, increases the yield of leather on the area by avoiding bonding structural elements of the dermis. Changes in the microstructure of the dermis, as a result of mineral filling, contribute to improvement of performance and hygienic properties of finished leather. And the study of the properties of the specified skins should be consistent with the features of operations on their cutting, shoe molding and shoe upper fixing preparations. The most important properties of leather materials, which largely determine the quality of basic technological operations of shoe manufacturing are the deformation properties. Lack of information about relaxation and deformation properties of the leather produced by the new technologies do not allow to predict their ability to form shapes and save it--indicates the relevance of this study. This paper analyzes relaxation and deformation characteristics of natural leather for shoe uppers, filled with natural minerals montmorillonite and zeolite, and the ability to predict their formation and preservation of shape in service. Features of deformation of the skin with mineral content were assessed by determining single-cycle characteristics when attaching to a complete test cycle ＂loading-unloading-rest＂ sample. Correlations of elastic and plastic （permanent） deformation have been established, kinetics of changes in linear characteristics of the samples after removal of the load has been investigated. Introduction of dispersions of mineral to the structure of the dermis contributes to the strength of semi-finished leather, increase of the uniformity of mechanical properties in the longitudinal and transverse directions and rise of shape stability index. It is shown that the direction of this study allows us to offer new competitive ecologically friendly materials to produce shoes.

Genetic Algorithms to the Nesting Problem in the Leather Manufacturing Industry

The nesting problem in the leather manufacturing is the problem of placing a set of irregularly shaped pieces (called stencils) on a set of irregularly shaped surfaces (called leathers sheets). This paper presents a novel and promising processing approach. After the profile of leather sheets and stencils is obtained with digitizer, the discretization makes the processing independent of the specific geometrical information. The constraints of profile are regarded thoroughly. A heuristic bottom-left placement strategy is employed to sequentially locate stencils on sheets. The optimal placement sequence and rotation are deterimined by genetic algorithms (GA). A natural concise encoding method is developed to satisfy all the possible requirements of the leather nesting problem. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can not only be applied to the normal two-dimensional nesting problem, but also especially suitable for the placement of multiple two-dimensional irregular stencils on multiple two-dimensional irregular sheets.

Resourceful Utilization of Tannery Wastewater

Leather industry is an important light industry in China.Leather making requires a series of chemical treatment.Degreasing,unhairing and chrome tanning wastewaters are the main portions of tannery wastewater.Reclaiming and reusing these wastewaters can eliminate 80% of COD,75% of BOD,95% of chromium and 93% of sulfuret,furthermore reduce environment impact,decrease treatment costs,save chemicals and water.Some application methods of wastewater reclamation and reuse for different operations were reported.The suitable reclamation and reuse technologies can enable leather making processes more rational,and realize the recovery and recycle of several chemicals in the tannery.Resourceful utilization of tannery wastewater should mate with renovating production technology,updating equipment,and must be guaranteed sufficiently by environmental protection measures.

The Implementation of GB/T 19000 Promotes the Advancement of the Management Level of the Leather Industry

Focusing on the economic development of its leather industry,Xinji City in the center ofHebei Province adheres to the scientific concept of development,strives to explore new ideas for industrialdevelopment,and makes tireless efforts to implement the GB/T19000 Quality Managementand Quality Assurance.This deepens the standardization of the leather industry and improves thelevel of enterprise management,serving both the economy and the enterprises.

Small G Rac1 is involved in replication cycle of dengue serotype 2 virus in EAhy926 cells via the regulation of actin cytoskeleton

Bleeding is a clinical characteristic of severe dengue and may be due to increased vascular permeability. However, the patho- genesis of severe dengue remains unclear. In this study, we showed that the Racl-microfilament signal pathway was involved in the process of DENV serotype 2 （DENV2） infection in EAhy926 cells. DENV2 infection induced dynamic changes in actin organization, and treatment with Cytochalasin D or Jasplakinolide disrupted microfilament dynamics, reduced DENV2 entry, and inhibited DENV2 assembly and maturation. Racl activities decreased during the early phase and gradually increased by the late phase of infection. Expression of the dominant-negative form of Racl promoted DENV2 entry but inhibited viral as- sembly, maturation and release. Our findings demonstrated that Racl plays an important role in the DENV2 life cycle by reg- ulating actin reorganization in EAhy926 cells. This finding provides further insight into the pathogenesis of severe dengue.