量词“盏”的认知分析

文章以量词“盏”为分析对象,首先将量词“盏”的称量对象分为两类,分析“盏”与这两类称量对象间的关系,然后从认知的角度,分析量词“盏”的两种认知模式。

突厥语文献中can即汉字“盏”考

克劳森的《十三世纪以前突厥语词源词典》收录了相当数量的古代突厥语文献中的词汇，他认为其中不少是汉语借词，cna）就是其中的一个，并且指出can借自汉语chan，词义为“酒杯”。目前学术界在can的词源和词义的认识上与克劳森基本上是一致的，并且指出can对应的汉字是“盏”。笔者在此补充的是进一步阐述can与“盏”在读音和词义上的对应关系，并由此探究can所包含的文化现象。

量词“盏”的认知分析

以量词'盏'为分析对象,首先将量词'盏'的称量对象分为两类,分析'盏'与这两类称量对象间的关系;然后从认知的角度,分析量词'盏'的两种认知模式.

注射用灯盏花素对麻醉犬急性心肌缺血的影响

目的 :通过麻醉犬心肌缺血实验研究注射用灯盏花素的抗心肌缺血作用。方法 :采用结扎麻醉犬左冠状动脉前降支(LAD)造成急性心肌缺血的病理模型 ,采用心外膜电图 (EECG)、肌酸激酶 (CK)、乳酸脱氢酶 (LDH)、心肌梗塞范围等指标观察注射用灯盏花素对急性心肌缺血的作用。结果 :注射用灯盏花素可降低麻醉犬冠脉结扎所致ST段升高总mV数 (Σ ST)和ST段升高总点数 (N ST) ,减少血清中CK、LDH的释放 ,减小心肌梗塞范围。结论

灯盏生脉胶囊结合沙库巴曲缬沙坦钠片对冠心病合并慢性心衰患者血清APN、MMP-9和BNP水平的影响

目的探讨灯盏生脉胶囊结合沙库巴曲缬沙坦钠片对冠心病合并慢性心衰患者血清脂联素(APN)、基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)和脑钠肽(BNP)水平的影响。方法以2019年1月—2020年12月医院收治的冠心病合并慢性心力衰竭患者196例为研究对象,依据随机对照法将患者分为治疗组和对照组,每组98例。对照组采用西药常规治疗,积极控制血压等危险因素,在利尿、强心、扩血管等药物治疗的基础上,口服沙库巴曲缬沙坦钠治疗。沙库巴曲缬沙坦钠片100 mg, 2次/d。治疗组在对照组治疗的基础上,口服灯盏生脉胶囊治疗,0.36 g, 3次/d。两组均按疗程治疗2周。比较两组治疗前后气血血瘀证证候积分比较;比较两组治疗前后心功能水平,包括左室射血分数(LVEF)、左室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、左室收缩末期内径(LVESD)水平;比较治疗前后APN、MMP-9和BNP水平;比较治疗前后生活质量评价量表(SF-36)评分,比较两组治疗疗效。结果治疗组治疗总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05),两组治疗后胸痛、胸闷、气短、心悸不安、神疲力乏、面色淡白和口唇紫黯证候积分较治疗前降低,且治疗组降低幅度优于对照组(P<0.05);两组治疗后心功能指标LVESD、LVEDD较治疗前降低,LVEF较治疗前升高。且治疗组改善幅度优于对照组(P<0.05);两组治疗后血清APN较治疗前升高,MMP-9和BNP水平较治疗前降低。且治疗组改善幅度优于对照组(P<0.05);两组治疗后社会功能、生理功能、日常活动、社会活动、心理健康和活力评分较治疗前升高。且治疗组升高幅度优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论灯盏生脉胶囊结合沙库巴曲缬沙坦钠可最大幅度的改善患者的临床症状,控制病情,改善心脏功能,提高血清APN水平,降低MMP-9和BNP水平,提高患者的生活质量和治疗疗效,值得借鉴。

灯盏生脉胶囊对不稳定型心绞痛经皮冠状动脉介入术后血液流变学、心肌保护、血小板功能的影响

目的观察灯盏生脉胶囊对不稳定型心绞痛患者经皮冠状动脉介入(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)术后血液流变学、血小板功能的影响及其心肌保护作用。方法筛选2018年12月—2020年10月就诊于医院的PCI术后复诊的不稳定型心绞痛患者80例,随机分为治疗组和对照组,对照组予以常规治疗,治疗组予常规治疗的基础上加服灯盏生脉胶囊,治疗周期为3个月。分别观察并比较治疗前后两组患者血液流变学相关指标、血小板功能以及心肌损伤标志物和心功能的改变。结果与对照组比较,治疗组患者血浆黏度、全血高切黏度、全血低切黏度和纤维蛋白原等血液流变学相关指标水平均显著降低,差异具有显著统计学意义(P<0.01)。与对照组比较,治疗组患者PRI、PAV水平显著降低,差异具有显著统计学意义(P<0.01)。与对照组比较,治疗组患者cTnI、CK-MB水平显著降低,差异具有显著统计学意义(P<0.01)。与对照组比较,治疗组患者LVEF、E/A水平显著上调,LVEDD水平显著下调,差异具有显著统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论灯盏生脉胶囊可有效改善不稳定型心绞痛患者PCI术后血液流变学指标和血小板功能,降低心肌损伤程度,并改善心功能,有利于PCI预后。

灯盏细辛注射液中总咖啡酸酯在大鼠体内的药代动力学研究

目的：研究灯盏细辛注射液中总咖啡酸酯的大鼠体内过程。方法：采用甲醇沉淀法制备血液样品，并用uv法测定。结果：浓度在20～2μg/ml范围内线性关系良好，相关系数r=0．995；样品的回收率在94％～100．8％，日内RSD和日间RSD均小于5％。总咖啡酸酯在大鼠体内的过程符合二室模型（weight=1／c／c），主要药动学参数为：n=0．1595±0．0658min^-1，β=0．0037±0．0014min^-1，V（c）=18．0198±2．0215（mg／kg）／（mg／m1），T1／2α=4．3456±1．2854min，T1／2β=188．6554±10．2556min，K21=0．0212±0．0046min^-1，K10=0．0275±0．0089min^-1，K12=0．1143±0．0594min^-1，AUC=59．8192±4．1564（mg／m1）·min。结论：灯盏细辛注射液中的总咖啡酯类成分在大鼠体内过程符合静脉注射二室模型。

复方灯盏花滴丸对大鼠实验性急性心肌梗死的保护作用

目的:观察复方灯盏花滴丸对大鼠实验性急性心肌梗死的保护作用。方法:结扎大鼠左冠状动脉复制实验性急性心肌梗死模型,观察药后大鼠心电图J点的改变、心肌梗死范围、血清酶(CK、LDH)的活性以及心肌细胞超微结构。结果:复方灯盏花滴丸可减轻左冠状动脉结扎所致大鼠心电图J点抬高;缩小心肌梗死范围;抑制血清LDH、CK活性的升高;并能改善梗死心肌肌原纤微排列紊乱及线粒体肿胀、断裂的超微病变。结论:复方灯盏花滴丸对大鼠实验性急性心肌梗死具有一定的保护作用。

Determination of Scutellarin in Rabbit Plasma after Oral Administration by HPLC-MS with Solid-Phase Extraction

Aim To establish a sensitive and specific liquid chromatography-massspeetrometry method for determination of scutellarin in rabbit plasma after oral administration.Methods For the quantitative analysis, rutin was used as an internal standard and solid-phaseextraction (SPE) was performed by using a Phenomenex C_8 cartridge. HPLC was carried out using aZorbax Extend-C_(18) column (150 mm x 2.1 mm ID, 5 μm) with a guard cartridge (Phenomenex) .Gradient elution was selected with the mobile phase of methanol 10 mmol·L^(-1) ammonium acetatesolution (pH adjusted to 8.0 with ammonia solution). The flow rate of mobile phase was 0.4mL·min^(-1) and the column temperature was 35 ℃ . Both scutellarin and the internal standard rutinin rabbit plasma extracts were detected by mass spectrometry using an ESI interface in the negativeion mode. Results The linear range was from 2 to 200 ng· mL^(-1), with acceptable accuracy andprecision (RSD) . Conclusion A sensitive, reliable and accurate method for the quantitation ofscutellarin in rabbit plasma has been established.

Glycosides from Erigeron breviscapus

A new glycoside, gamma-pyranone-3-O-beta-D-[6'-(4'-hydroxy-3',5'-dimethyoxybenzoyl)]-glucopyranoside (erigeside D, 2), together with nine known compounds, viz., erigeside I (1), erigeside A (3), erigeside B (4), erigeside II (5), scopolin (6), icariside B-2 (7), blumenol C glucoside (8), (+)-syringaresinol O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (9) and scutellarein-7-O-beta-D-glucuronide methyl ester (10), was isolated from Erigeron breviscapus (Vant.) Hand.-Mazz. Their structures were established on the basis of spectral evidence. According to the beta-glucopyranosyl moiety in 7, the absolute configuration of 7 was determined by X-ray crystallographic analysis. Compounds 7, 8 and 9 were isolated for the first time from this genus, an compound 6 was first obtained from this plant.

Pharmacokinetics of Scutellarin in Dogs

Aim To establish an RP-HPLC method for the determination of scutellarin in plasma and study its pharmacokinetics in dogs. Methods Scutellarin was given to dogs by intravenous injection and determined by RP-HPLC, the mean plasma concentration-time curve was plotted and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by program 3p87. Resu;ts The concentration-time curve of scutellarin could be fitted to three-compartment model with T1/2 pi, T1/2 α and T1/2 β being 1.05 ± 0.80 min, 6.99 + 2.76 min and 51.61 + 28.78 min, respectively, Vc being 880.1 + 508.3 mL, CL being 189.6 + 53.8 mL@ min- 1, and AUC0-90 and AUC0-∞ being 574.43 + 133.95 μg@ min@ mL - 1 and 599.34 ± 132.00μg@ min@mL- 1, respectively. Conclusion The fact that the concentrations of scutellarin in plasma declined rapidly after the medication suggested that the T1/2 of scutellarin should be taken into account in drug administration and preparation development.

Overview of Pharmacological Research on Adonis L.

On the basis of extensive literature retrieval, the species, composition, pharmacology, clinical application, contraindication of Adonis L. were reviewed in this paper, to provide data for the its further development and utilization.

春秋青铜器器名方言考

以自名器为依据,从器物所属、出土时地、器名发展源流、古今学者论述几个方面综合考察春秋青铜器器名(?)、盆、盏、(?)等,认为这四个器名都是方言。

Phenolic Compounds from Erigeron breviscapus (Compositae)

Five caffeoyl conjugates were isolated from the ethyl acetate soluble fraction of Erigeron breviscapus (Van.) Hand_Mazz for the first time. Along with them, nine other chemical constituents were also identified. One new caffeoyl conjugate, erigoster A (1) with a novel basic skeleton was mainly assigned by the using a combination of two_dimensional NMR techniques.

Effects of Breviscapine on the Changes in Antioxidant Enzyme Activity Induced by Cerebral Ischemia-reperfusion in Rats

\ Effects of breviscapine, the active ingredient isolated from Erigeron breviscapus (Vant) Handmazz, on the changes in antioxidant enzyme activity induced by cerebral ischemiareperfusion in rats were explored. It was found that breviscapine improved the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), GSHperoxidase and catalase, while decreasing the malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the brain, which was benificial in reducing the damage from cerebral ischemiareperfusion.

Mechanisms of Inhibitory Effects of Breviscapine on Lipid Peroxidation in Rat Brain Mitochondria

The mechanisms by which breviscapine (Bre) inhibits the lipid preoxidation in rat brain mitochondria were investigated. The mitochondrial lipid peroxidation of rat brain induced by oxygen free radical was measured by thiobarbituric acid spectrophotometry. The chelating activities of Bre for Fe 2+ were tested by differential spectrum. Superoxide anion (O 2)from xanthine xanthine oxidase (Xan XO) system and hydroxyl radical (·OH) from FeSO 4 H 2O 2 system were determined with spectrophotometry. It was found that Bre could effectively inhibit the lipid peroxidation of brain mitochondria induced by free radicals driven from Xan XO and FeSO 4 H 2O 2 system. The IC 50 of Bre were 93 01 μmol·L -1 for Xan XO system and 62 18 μmol·L -1 for FeSO 4 H 2O 2 system. Bre also scavenged O 2 and ·OH produced by Xan XO and FeSO 4 H 2O 2 systems. The IC 50 of Bre were 32 63 μmol·L -1 for O - 2 and 20 22 μmol·L -1 for ·OH. Furthermore, the chelating Fe 2+ activity of Bre was shown. It may be concluded that Bre inhibited lipid peroxidation at different stages of the reaction of oxygen free redial with the mitochondria membrane: (1) the formation of ·OH; (2) the initiation of the lipid peroxidation, by chelating Fe 2+ and scavenging O 2 as well as ·OH. The scavenging oxygen free radicals and chelating iron are the mechanisms of inhibitory effect of Bre on lipid peroxidation.

活血化瘀类中药注射剂治疗慢性肾衰竭的网状Meta分析

目的:采用网状Meta分析的研究方法,以西医常规治疗为共同参照,对比丹参川芎嗪注射液、丹参酮注射液、灯盏细辛注射液、肾康注射液对于慢性肾衰竭的临床疗效。方法:计算机检索MEDLINE、EMbase、PubMed、CBM、WanFang Data、CNKI等主要电子数据库中有关丹参川芎嗪注射液、丹参酮注射液、灯盏细辛注射液、肾康注射液治疗慢性肾衰竭的随机对照试验,并手工检索相关期刊,追溯纳入研究的参考文献。由2位评价者根据纳入和排除标准独立选择文献、收集资料后使用Cochrane Reviewer’s Handbook 5.1中的方法进行文献质量评价。运用Stata14.0和R软件GEMTC程序包进行统计分析,以比值比及95%可信区间为效应指标,比较各治疗措施疗效差异,并进行疗效排序。结果:纳入34个RCT,合计2217例慢性肾衰竭患者,涉及5种治疗措施。结论:本次网状Meta分析结果显示丹参川芎嗪注射液、灯盏细辛注射液、肾康注射液联合西医常规治疗均优于单用西医常规治疗。在所纳入的治疗措施排序中,肾康注射液联合西医常规治疗对于降低慢性肾衰竭血肌酐的疗效排序最高。由于纳入研究的质量相对偏低,以上结论尚需日后进一步开展更多严格设计的大规模、高质量的随机临床试验加以验证。

Breviscapine attenuates acute pancreatitis by inhibiting expression of PKCα and NF-κB in pancreas

AIM:To study the effect of breviscapine (Bre) on activity of protein kinase Cα (PKCα) and nuclear factor (NF)-κB in pancreas,and the mechanism of Bre attenuating acute pancreatitis (AP). METHODS:One hundred and eight rats were randomly divided into acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP) group,Bre group (ANP + Bre group) and sham operation (SO) group,36 rats in each group. ANP model was induced by a retrograde injection of 4% sodium deoxycholate into the bilio-pancreatic duct. Fifteen minutes after the ANP model was induced,the rats in Bre group were intraperitoneally injected with Bre (0.4 mg/100 g body weight or 0.1 mL/100 g body weight). Survival time and mortality of rats were calculated. Serum amylase and malondialdehyde levels were measured,volume of ascites was recorded and morphology of pancreas and lung was evaluated at 1,5 and 10 h,after the ANP model was induced,respectively. Expressions of PKCα and subunit p65 of NF-κB in pancreas were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. RESULTS:The life span of rats was longer and the mortality was lower in Bre group than in ANP group 13.51 ± 5.46 vs 25.36 ± 8.11 (P < 0.05). The amylase and MDA levels as well as the volume of ascites were lower and the pathological changes in pancreas and lung were less in Bre group than ANP group (P < 0.05),indicating that the pancreatitis is less severe in Bre group than ANP group. The activation of PKCα and NF-κB p65 in pancreas was induced rapidly and reached their peak at 1 h or 5 h after ANP,but their activity in Bre group was significantly inhibited. CONCLUSION:Bre exerts its therapeutic effect on AP by inhibiting the activation of PKCα and NF-κB p65 in pancreas.

Lutein and lutein esters in marigold flowers by high performance chromatography

Lutein and lutein esters in marigold flowers was quantitatively determined by high performance chromatography （HPLC） with ODS-C 18 column.A mixture of CH3CNCD*2CH3OHCD*2CH3COOCH2CH3 with volume ratio of 55∶1∶44 was used as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and detection was carried out at 460nm. The column temperature was about 20℃. The contents of lutein and lutein esters were determined by analytical curve of lutein since lutein and lutein esters have the same spectral characteristics. Determination results of hexane extracts and saponified samples of lutein show that the saponification transforms the esters into free lutein. The increase of the content of dipalmitate and palmitate stearate reveals that the reaction includes transesterifications.

灯盏细辛胶囊对慢性脑缺血大鼠及缺氧损伤PC12细胞的保护作用

目的:分别考察灯盏细辛胶囊对慢性脑缺血大鼠的影响及氯化钴诱导的PC12细胞缺氧损伤的影响,探究其对慢性缺血性脑神经损伤的保护作用。方法:(1)体内实验:双侧颈总动脉永久结扎法制备大鼠慢性脑缺血模型,分别设假手术对照组、模型对照组、灯盏细辛120 mg/kg组、尼莫地平16 mg/kg组,给药8 w后,开展水迷宫认知功能评价;检测血清MDA、SOD、GSH-px含量或活力,同时取皮层组织行HE染色及Western blot法检测AKT、p-AKT、Cleaved-Caspase3蛋白表达。(2)体外实验:确定灯盏细辛胶囊对PC12细胞的IC50,建立氯化钴诱导的PC12细胞缺氧损伤模型,MTT法评价药物对模型细胞增殖的影响,并采用AnnexinVFITC/PI双染法评价药物对细胞凋亡的影响。结果:(1)水迷宫试验:与假手术对照组比较,模型对照组逃避潜伏期显著延长,穿越平台次数显著降低(P<0.01);血清MDA含量显著升高,SOD、GSH-px活力显著降低,p-AKT/AKT比值明显降低(P<0.05),Cleaved-Caspase3蛋白表达显著上调(P<0.01);模型对照组大鼠脑皮层细胞形态异常,见较多神经元细胞固缩深染,胞质与胞核分界不清;与模型对照组比较,灯盏细辛120 mg/kg组能明显缩短大鼠定位航行试验中的逃避潜伏期、寻找平台的运动距离,增加空间探索试验中穿越平台的次数(P<0.01);血清MDA含量显著降低,SOD、GSH-px活力明显升高(P<0.05或P<0.01),p-AKT/AKT比值明显增加,Cleaved-Caspase3蛋白表达显著下调(P<0.01),大鼠脑组织病理损伤明显减轻。(2)体外实验:与正常对照组比,模型对照组细胞凋亡率显著升高(P<0.01);灯盏细辛IC50值为0.84 mg/mL;与模型对照组比较,灯盏细辛在一定浓度内能促进氯化钴诱导的PC12细胞增殖,并降低其凋亡率(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论:灯盏细辛胶囊可以对抗慢性脑缺血大鼠的氧化损伤以改善其认知功能,可能通过激活AKT/Caspase3信号通路对抗缺血性神经细胞凋亡产生脑神经保护作用。