Aim To study whether antivenom from laying hens can be used for the detection of venom antigens, Methods Chickens （white Leghorn） were immunized with detoxicated king cobra venom by formaldehyde and egg yolk immunog...Aim To study whether antivenom from laying hens can be used for the detection of venom antigens, Methods Chickens （white Leghorn） were immunized with detoxicated king cobra venom by formaldehyde and egg yolk immunoglobulin （IgY） isolated from yolk; IgY was labelled with the horseradish peroxidase （HRP）. Experimental condition and parameters were determined by chessboard test. The specificity, sensitivity, precision, and stability of this method were assayed in the experiment. Results This method could detect as low as 32 μg· L^-1 of the king cobra antigens. A good linear relation was found within 32 ～ 750 μg· L^-1 of king cobra venom concentrations （ r = 0. 963）. There was no cross reactivity for the reagents with Agkistrodon acutus Guenther venom or Vipera russelli siamensis Smith venom;slight cross reactivity .with Bungarus multicinctus Blyth venom or Bungarus fasciatus Chmeider venom; and notable cross reactivity with cobra venom. The average intra-assay relative standard deviation （RSD） was 1% - 3%, and the inter-assay RSD was less than 8%. The reagents （including IgY and HRP-IgY） were stable; no differences （P 〉 0.05） were observed for the detection of venom antigens when the reagents were stored at 37 ℃ up to 6 d. Conclusion IgY is a good reagent for diagnosis of snakebite after eliminating the genus cross reactivity.展开更多
Objective: To test the effects of corrective spectacles in hyperopic amblyopic children with heterophoria. Methods: Visual acuity, refraction and the amount of heterophoria on near (33 cm) fixation were measured befor...Objective: To test the effects of corrective spectacles in hyperopic amblyopic children with heterophoria. Methods: Visual acuity, refraction and the amount of heterophoria on near (33 cm) fixation were measured before and after 3 weeks of spectacle-wearing in 30 hyperopic amblyopic children with heterophoria. The control group consisted of 20 emmetropic children age-matched to the patients. Results: Uncorrected eyes displayed hyperopic amblyopia accompanied by heterophoria. Corrective spectacles not only attenuated the hyperopia and amblyopia, but also changed the heterophoria to orthophoria. The amount of heterophoria before wearing spectacles was significantly different from that in emmetropic children; but after correction with spectacles, it was the same as that in the emmetropic controls. Conclusion: Correction with spectacles is effective for the treatment of heterophoria in hyperopic children with amblyopia.展开更多
As an important optical constant of optical properties for spectacle lens,the refractive index measurement is studied using V prism refractometer. In the experiment,according to various factors inducing measurement er...As an important optical constant of optical properties for spectacle lens,the refractive index measurement is studied using V prism refractometer. In the experiment,according to various factors inducing measurement error,the experimental results are analyzed,which include right angle deviation,contact liquid,curvature,and focusing accuracy. The study results show that focusing accuracy is the most important factor of influence for measurement,consists of contact liquid wettability,sample shape,and effective width of light transmission. In addition,the refractive index measurement is less affected by angle deviation of sample and the refractive index deviation of contact liquid. On the basis of the experimental data analysis,it is possible to relax the deviation of right angle of the sample to 1' or 2'.展开更多
The purpose of this paper is to analyze today＇s construction of sports news, and to see the way that media present the live sports events and how do livc sports events become global breaking news. We started with the...The purpose of this paper is to analyze today＇s construction of sports news, and to see the way that media present the live sports events and how do livc sports events become global breaking news. We started with the theoretical background and we analyzed the audiences of the TV channels dedicated to sports. Media and violence is a well-known subject, and many theorists have analysed it but little research has been conducted about the effects that violence in sport news may have on people or society. Therefore, the aim of this study is to provide insights into these effects, to try to demonstrate that today＇s sports news does not focus on pcrformancc any more, but they have become a spectacle of violence and gossip. After reviewing the literature in order to gain a perspective on this topic, we focused on the complex reconstructive and subjective nature of news rcception, the different ways the audience constructs meaningful intcrpretations from the news, exposure to news and the construction of violent images of reality.展开更多
Glasses in the series of xWO3-0.31P2O5-0.31B2O3-（0.38-x）Cs2O （0.01 ≤ x ≤0.28） （G1-G4： x= 0.01, 0.1, 0.19, 0.28） were prepared by sol-gel method. Glassy phase in the samples were ascertained by powder X-ray d...Glasses in the series of xWO3-0.31P2O5-0.31B2O3-（0.38-x）Cs2O （0.01 ≤ x ≤0.28） （G1-G4： x= 0.01, 0.1, 0.19, 0.28） were prepared by sol-gel method. Glassy phase in the samples were ascertained by powder X-ray diffraction pattern. Differential scanning calorimetry （DSC） traces of the samples show glass transition temperature Tg, in the range 247-253 ℃. IR spectra at 300 K of G1-G4 show the presence of [WO6], [WO4], [PO4]^3-, [PO3]^2-, [BO4]^＋, [BO3] units in the glass matrix. Observed electron paramagnetic resonance （EPR） lineshapes show two signals with very different intensities which are associated with W^5＋ （5d^1） and Mo^5＋ （4d^1） （impurity） paramagnetic sites. Signal with values ofg factors in the range 1.68 〈 g⊥ 〈 1.72 and 1.58 〈 gⅡ 〈 1.62 are due to W^5＋ ions present in axially distorted octahedral symmetry. The optical absorption spectra show that the W^5＋ ions have pyramidal coordination, involving a tungstyl ion WO^3＋ （C4v symmetry）. EPR and optical studies suggest the existence of blocks of octahedra linked by tungsten clusters.展开更多
Color is an important tool for glass industry to let the product gain additional aesthetic and functional properties forced by the market demands. In this context, it is necessary to understand the color forming mecha...Color is an important tool for glass industry to let the product gain additional aesthetic and functional properties forced by the market demands. In this context, it is necessary to understand the color forming mechanism better in order to get target color and improve the yield. A detailed experimental study to investigate the relationship between the manganese content on color formation and the redox condition was carried out. All experiments were carried out at different level of iron and manganese oxides. Color parameters （dominant wavelength, brightness （%）, purity （%） and L-a-b values） were examined for large interval of batch redoxes. In this paper, the results of above mentioned experimental studies were discussed together.展开更多
In the present work, the possibility of existence of spin glass phase using classical Heisenberg model with Edwards-Anderson type of interactions has been explored employing Monte Carlo simulation of Binder parameter ...In the present work, the possibility of existence of spin glass phase using classical Heisenberg model with Edwards-Anderson type of interactions has been explored employing Monte Carlo simulation of Binder parameter （g （L, T））. Previous experimental studies show that there is finite temperature phase transition but this study indicates that there is no finite temperature phase transition in 3D Heisenberg vector spin glass model.展开更多
A fraction of cobra （Naja naja atra） venom has been discovered to have protective effect on rat cultural cerebellar granule neurons （CGNs） from apoptosis induced by removing serum and reducing the extracellular po...A fraction of cobra （Naja naja atra） venom has been discovered to have protective effect on rat cultural cerebellar granule neurons （CGNs） from apoptosis induced by removing serum and reducing the extracellular potassium concentration from 25 to 5 mM. This component has been purified and identified as secreted phospholipase A2 （cobra sPLA2）. In order to study the relationship between the protection on CGNs and enzymatic activity of phospholipase A2, CGNs stained by Hoechst 33258 were quantified to determine survival rate under the fluorescence microscopy; the protective potencies on apoptosis of cultural CGNs were compared among cobra sPLA2, the cobra sPLA2 modified in carboxylate groups with water soluble carbodiimide and semicarbazide, and the heated cobra sPLA2 at 80℃ for 30 rain. The results showed that the CGN survival rate was unaffected significantly both in modified cobra sPLAz whose enzymatic activity of PLA2 had decreased by 80%, and in cobra sPLA2 adding 7, 7-Dimethyleicosadienoic acid, an inhibitor of sPLA2 at concentration of 10-fold IC50; contrary, the neuronal survival rate fell about 60% in heated cobra sPLA2, although its PLA2 activity only decreased by 10%. The protection on CGNs were also found in some of sPLA2s derived from venoms of bee, Naja naja mossambica, Crotalus atroxalso and Vipera Ammodytes Ammodytes but could not be found in other sPLA2s from bovine pancreas and Streptomyces violaceoruber. Above results suggest that the protection on CGNs of cobra sPLA2 is independent of its enzymatic activity.展开更多
Objective To evaluate the effect of short-term soft contact lens （SCLs） wearing on human ocular aberrations （ HOA ）. Methods This prospective study included 50 eyes of 50 young volunteers wearing SCLs for 1 month....Objective To evaluate the effect of short-term soft contact lens （SCLs） wearing on human ocular aberrations （ HOA ）. Methods This prospective study included 50 eyes of 50 young volunteers wearing SCLs for 1 month. The ocular aberrations were measured by Allegretto Wavefront Analyzer. The root-mean-square （RMS） values of the general （RMSG） , higher-order （RMSH） , first to sixth order （ RMS1 to RMS6） and aberration coefficients were analyzed. Results There were no significant differences in the mean values of RMSG, RMSH, RMS1 to RMS6 （ P 〉 0. 05 ） and changes of absolute values of aberration coefficients between baseline and various visits after SCLs discontinuation. However, at d I after the discontinuation of SCLs, changes in coefficient values of the third-order aberrations （ C6 to C9 ） were slightly higher than others, and C7 was the highest. The increase factors of RMS values were higher at 1 week and lower at the 2 week visit after SCLs discontinuation. The uniformity of dominating type in HOA and the corneal topography form was both about 60% after discontinuation of SCLs. The corneal thickness increased after SCLs wear and gradually decreased to baseline until 1 month discontinuation of SCLs. Conclusion The effect of short-term SCLs wear on human ocular aberrations is slight but profound. A month or more wait should be allowed before the short-term SCLs wearers are scheduled for wavefronted-guided LASIK.展开更多
A new method of the moving objects detection using the enhanced fish-eye lens and the intersecting cortical model （ICM） algorithm is proposed. The improved fish-eye lens is designed through controlling the entrance ...A new method of the moving objects detection using the enhanced fish-eye lens and the intersecting cortical model （ICM） algorithm is proposed. The improved fish-eye lens is designed through controlling the entrance pupils of the lens. This lens has an ultra field of view about 183 degrees, and can image an ellipse picture on the 4 ： 3 rectangular CCD surface, which increases the CCD utilization and the image resolution. The ICM is a model based on pulse coupled neural network（PCNN） which is espeeially designed for image processing. It is derived from several visual cortex models and is basically the intersection of these models. The theoretical foundation of the ICM is given. An improved ICM algorithm in which some parameters are modified is used to detect moving objects specially. The experiment indicated that moving objects can be detected reliably and efficiently using ICM algorithm from the elliptical fish-eye image. It can be used in the field of traffic monitoring and other security domains.展开更多
senile population Objective To compare ocular biometric values in angle closure glaucoma and cataract in Methods Ocular biometry was performed in eyes classified to have angle closure glaucoma （29 eyes） and senile c...senile population Objective To compare ocular biometric values in angle closure glaucoma and cataract in Methods Ocular biometry was performed in eyes classified to have angle closure glaucoma （29 eyes） and senile cataract （31 eyes）. Ocular biometry readings between two groups were compared and analyzed statistically, lntraocular pressure was also recorded before and after lens extraction. Results Anterior chamber depth was shallower in patients with angle closure glaucoma group [ （ 1, 79 ± 0. 56 ） mm ] compared with senile cataract group [ （2.69 ±0. 40） mm ] （ P 〈 0.01 ）. Lens thickness was greater in angle closure glaucoma group [ （5.30 ±0. 61） mm ] than that in senile cataract group [ （3.84 ＋-0. 61） mm ] （ P 〈0. 01）. Phacoemusification was performed in 5 patients with persistent acute attack of angle closure glaucoma, lOPs were controlled in all five cases after lens extraction. Conclusion Eyes with angle closure glaucoma seems to have significantly shallow anterior chamber and greater lens thickness compared to senile cataract eyes in the same age. Lens extraction might be effective in those cases with such anatomy features.展开更多
文摘Aim To study whether antivenom from laying hens can be used for the detection of venom antigens, Methods Chickens （white Leghorn） were immunized with detoxicated king cobra venom by formaldehyde and egg yolk immunoglobulin （IgY） isolated from yolk; IgY was labelled with the horseradish peroxidase （HRP）. Experimental condition and parameters were determined by chessboard test. The specificity, sensitivity, precision, and stability of this method were assayed in the experiment. Results This method could detect as low as 32 μg· L^-1 of the king cobra antigens. A good linear relation was found within 32 ～ 750 μg· L^-1 of king cobra venom concentrations （ r = 0. 963）. There was no cross reactivity for the reagents with Agkistrodon acutus Guenther venom or Vipera russelli siamensis Smith venom;slight cross reactivity .with Bungarus multicinctus Blyth venom or Bungarus fasciatus Chmeider venom; and notable cross reactivity with cobra venom. The average intra-assay relative standard deviation （RSD） was 1% - 3%, and the inter-assay RSD was less than 8%. The reagents （including IgY and HRP-IgY） were stable; no differences （P 〉 0.05） were observed for the detection of venom antigens when the reagents were stored at 37 ℃ up to 6 d. Conclusion IgY is a good reagent for diagnosis of snakebite after eliminating the genus cross reactivity.
文摘Objective: To test the effects of corrective spectacles in hyperopic amblyopic children with heterophoria. Methods: Visual acuity, refraction and the amount of heterophoria on near (33 cm) fixation were measured before and after 3 weeks of spectacle-wearing in 30 hyperopic amblyopic children with heterophoria. The control group consisted of 20 emmetropic children age-matched to the patients. Results: Uncorrected eyes displayed hyperopic amblyopia accompanied by heterophoria. Corrective spectacles not only attenuated the hyperopia and amblyopia, but also changed the heterophoria to orthophoria. The amount of heterophoria before wearing spectacles was significantly different from that in emmetropic children; but after correction with spectacles, it was the same as that in the emmetropic controls. Conclusion: Correction with spectacles is effective for the treatment of heterophoria in hyperopic children with amblyopia.
文摘As an important optical constant of optical properties for spectacle lens,the refractive index measurement is studied using V prism refractometer. In the experiment,according to various factors inducing measurement error,the experimental results are analyzed,which include right angle deviation,contact liquid,curvature,and focusing accuracy. The study results show that focusing accuracy is the most important factor of influence for measurement,consists of contact liquid wettability,sample shape,and effective width of light transmission. In addition,the refractive index measurement is less affected by angle deviation of sample and the refractive index deviation of contact liquid. On the basis of the experimental data analysis,it is possible to relax the deviation of right angle of the sample to 1' or 2'.
文摘The purpose of this paper is to analyze today＇s construction of sports news, and to see the way that media present the live sports events and how do livc sports events become global breaking news. We started with the theoretical background and we analyzed the audiences of the TV channels dedicated to sports. Media and violence is a well-known subject, and many theorists have analysed it but little research has been conducted about the effects that violence in sport news may have on people or society. Therefore, the aim of this study is to provide insights into these effects, to try to demonstrate that today＇s sports news does not focus on pcrformancc any more, but they have become a spectacle of violence and gossip. After reviewing the literature in order to gain a perspective on this topic, we focused on the complex reconstructive and subjective nature of news rcception, the different ways the audience constructs meaningful intcrpretations from the news, exposure to news and the construction of violent images of reality.
文摘Glasses in the series of xWO3-0.31P2O5-0.31B2O3-（0.38-x）Cs2O （0.01 ≤ x ≤0.28） （G1-G4： x= 0.01, 0.1, 0.19, 0.28） were prepared by sol-gel method. Glassy phase in the samples were ascertained by powder X-ray diffraction pattern. Differential scanning calorimetry （DSC） traces of the samples show glass transition temperature Tg, in the range 247-253 ℃. IR spectra at 300 K of G1-G4 show the presence of [WO6], [WO4], [PO4]^3-, [PO3]^2-, [BO4]^＋, [BO3] units in the glass matrix. Observed electron paramagnetic resonance （EPR） lineshapes show two signals with very different intensities which are associated with W^5＋ （5d^1） and Mo^5＋ （4d^1） （impurity） paramagnetic sites. Signal with values ofg factors in the range 1.68 〈 g⊥ 〈 1.72 and 1.58 〈 gⅡ 〈 1.62 are due to W^5＋ ions present in axially distorted octahedral symmetry. The optical absorption spectra show that the W^5＋ ions have pyramidal coordination, involving a tungstyl ion WO^3＋ （C4v symmetry）. EPR and optical studies suggest the existence of blocks of octahedra linked by tungsten clusters.
文摘Color is an important tool for glass industry to let the product gain additional aesthetic and functional properties forced by the market demands. In this context, it is necessary to understand the color forming mechanism better in order to get target color and improve the yield. A detailed experimental study to investigate the relationship between the manganese content on color formation and the redox condition was carried out. All experiments were carried out at different level of iron and manganese oxides. Color parameters （dominant wavelength, brightness （%）, purity （%） and L-a-b values） were examined for large interval of batch redoxes. In this paper, the results of above mentioned experimental studies were discussed together.
文摘In the present work, the possibility of existence of spin glass phase using classical Heisenberg model with Edwards-Anderson type of interactions has been explored employing Monte Carlo simulation of Binder parameter （g （L, T））. Previous experimental studies show that there is finite temperature phase transition but this study indicates that there is no finite temperature phase transition in 3D Heisenberg vector spin glass model.
文摘A fraction of cobra （Naja naja atra） venom has been discovered to have protective effect on rat cultural cerebellar granule neurons （CGNs） from apoptosis induced by removing serum and reducing the extracellular potassium concentration from 25 to 5 mM. This component has been purified and identified as secreted phospholipase A2 （cobra sPLA2）. In order to study the relationship between the protection on CGNs and enzymatic activity of phospholipase A2, CGNs stained by Hoechst 33258 were quantified to determine survival rate under the fluorescence microscopy; the protective potencies on apoptosis of cultural CGNs were compared among cobra sPLA2, the cobra sPLA2 modified in carboxylate groups with water soluble carbodiimide and semicarbazide, and the heated cobra sPLA2 at 80℃ for 30 rain. The results showed that the CGN survival rate was unaffected significantly both in modified cobra sPLAz whose enzymatic activity of PLA2 had decreased by 80%, and in cobra sPLA2 adding 7, 7-Dimethyleicosadienoic acid, an inhibitor of sPLA2 at concentration of 10-fold IC50; contrary, the neuronal survival rate fell about 60% in heated cobra sPLA2, although its PLA2 activity only decreased by 10%. The protection on CGNs were also found in some of sPLA2s derived from venoms of bee, Naja naja mossambica, Crotalus atroxalso and Vipera Ammodytes Ammodytes but could not be found in other sPLA2s from bovine pancreas and Streptomyces violaceoruber. Above results suggest that the protection on CGNs of cobra sPLA2 is independent of its enzymatic activity.
文摘Objective To evaluate the effect of short-term soft contact lens （SCLs） wearing on human ocular aberrations （ HOA ）. Methods This prospective study included 50 eyes of 50 young volunteers wearing SCLs for 1 month. The ocular aberrations were measured by Allegretto Wavefront Analyzer. The root-mean-square （RMS） values of the general （RMSG） , higher-order （RMSH） , first to sixth order （ RMS1 to RMS6） and aberration coefficients were analyzed. Results There were no significant differences in the mean values of RMSG, RMSH, RMS1 to RMS6 （ P 〉 0. 05 ） and changes of absolute values of aberration coefficients between baseline and various visits after SCLs discontinuation. However, at d I after the discontinuation of SCLs, changes in coefficient values of the third-order aberrations （ C6 to C9 ） were slightly higher than others, and C7 was the highest. The increase factors of RMS values were higher at 1 week and lower at the 2 week visit after SCLs discontinuation. The uniformity of dominating type in HOA and the corneal topography form was both about 60% after discontinuation of SCLs. The corneal thickness increased after SCLs wear and gradually decreased to baseline until 1 month discontinuation of SCLs. Conclusion The effect of short-term SCLs wear on human ocular aberrations is slight but profound. A month or more wait should be allowed before the short-term SCLs wearers are scheduled for wavefronted-guided LASIK.
文摘A new method of the moving objects detection using the enhanced fish-eye lens and the intersecting cortical model （ICM） algorithm is proposed. The improved fish-eye lens is designed through controlling the entrance pupils of the lens. This lens has an ultra field of view about 183 degrees, and can image an ellipse picture on the 4 ： 3 rectangular CCD surface, which increases the CCD utilization and the image resolution. The ICM is a model based on pulse coupled neural network（PCNN） which is espeeially designed for image processing. It is derived from several visual cortex models and is basically the intersection of these models. The theoretical foundation of the ICM is given. An improved ICM algorithm in which some parameters are modified is used to detect moving objects specially. The experiment indicated that moving objects can be detected reliably and efficiently using ICM algorithm from the elliptical fish-eye image. It can be used in the field of traffic monitoring and other security domains.
文摘senile population Objective To compare ocular biometric values in angle closure glaucoma and cataract in Methods Ocular biometry was performed in eyes classified to have angle closure glaucoma （29 eyes） and senile cataract （31 eyes）. Ocular biometry readings between two groups were compared and analyzed statistically, lntraocular pressure was also recorded before and after lens extraction. Results Anterior chamber depth was shallower in patients with angle closure glaucoma group [ （ 1, 79 ± 0. 56 ） mm ] compared with senile cataract group [ （2.69 ±0. 40） mm ] （ P 〈 0.01 ）. Lens thickness was greater in angle closure glaucoma group [ （5.30 ±0. 61） mm ] than that in senile cataract group [ （3.84 ＋-0. 61） mm ] （ P 〈0. 01）. Phacoemusification was performed in 5 patients with persistent acute attack of angle closure glaucoma, lOPs were controlled in all five cases after lens extraction. Conclusion Eyes with angle closure glaucoma seems to have significantly shallow anterior chamber and greater lens thickness compared to senile cataract eyes in the same age. Lens extraction might be effective in those cases with such anatomy features.
