儒家“知微”德育观及其现代借鉴意义

"知微"是儒家重要的道德修养思想。因任何事物都由萌动之"几"发展至盛大之"势","几"对事物发展而言,具有先兆性、同时又具有可控性,因此在道德实践中"知微"、也即"观几",明察善、恶端倪及其背后的意念,采取应对策略也就十分重要;"知微"的具体实现路径是诚意、慎独,即强调心静以明性。儒家"知微"观对现实社会中的个体修身及家庭、学校德育都具有较强的现实借鉴意义。

《中庸》“知远之近”一节的教化哲学内涵

对于《中庸》末章的"知远之近,知风之自,知微之显"三语,自古以来众说纷纭。遵循以《庸》释《庸》、《易》《庸》互训之法,可知三语乃睹末探本、层层递进之文,若与《大学》之八目相对应,那么"知远之近"相当于天下、国家之本在于家,"知风之自"相当于家之本在于身,"知微之显"相当于身之本在于心,在于正心、诚意。"微之显"意味着:隐微即见显、隐微必见显,故当慎其独以为入德之门。郑玄注及孔颖达疏及朱子之说皆有缺陷;而富有理智挑战性的俞樾之解既改字解经,又不顾"微之显"在两章中复出的一贯性,虽可姑备一说,亦非的解。此三语与《中庸》首章遥相呼应,深刻地表达了《中庸》以至诚之心修道立德、感通天下的教化哲学。

人工智能引导人类直觉产生的甲骨新缀第21-30组

本研究运用“知微缀”,以人工智能引导人类直觉的交互方式,带动研究者高效地发现新的甲骨缀合。本研究还融入新的可视分析方法,通过提高人的注意力表现进行加速。

Influences of Microwave on the Cognitive Function of Chickling and the Gene Expression of NMDA Receptor Subunit

[Objective] The research aimed to study the effects of microwave on the chick embryo development and the cognitive function of chickling. [Method] The microwave which was transmitted by the permatron and was 2 450 MHz was used to simulate the microwave radiation source to radiate the hatching eggs until the chickling was hatched out. The disposable passive avoidance learning and RT-PCR were respectively used to detect the influences of microwave on the cognitive function of chickling and the expression amounts of NMDA receptor NR1 and NR2 subunits. [Result] After the microwave radiation,the avoidance rate of exposed group was significantly lower than that in the control group. Especially the avoidance rate of highest radiation intensity group was extremely significantly lower than that in the control group. Meanwhile,the body weights of two groups of chickling in the exposed group increased,and the hatching time in one group increased. Via RT-PCR analysis,the expression amount of NR2 subunit increased on the 10th day and the 15th day. The expression amount of NR1 subunit only decreased on the 15th day. [Conclusion] The microwave had the certain influence on the individual development. By changing the structure composition and function of NMDA receptor in the endbrain,the microwave made the self-regulation ability of chickling decline,which had the certain damage on the cognitive function.

Hybrid spectrum access model for cognitive femtocell networks

In order to mitigate the interference for macrocell users caused by deploying femtocells （home base-station） in a long term evolution （LTE） system, a hybrid spectrum access model is proposed by means of applying the cognitive radio technology to the femtocell. The femtocell periodically senses the radio environment and opportunistically accesses the usable frequency band so that the frequency spectrum resource is used intelligently. The sensing process is performed in two stages, which are principal sensing in the downlink and assisted sensing in the uplink, respectively. Based on the information obtained from the sensing results, the frequency spectrum can be used flexibly in underlay or overlay modes in the femtocell. Simulation results show that by using the proposed model, the throughput of a femtocell is greatly improved with tolerable interference to macrocell users.

Vapor Sensing Theoretical Study on Optical Microcavities

When the organic vapors absorbed to the surface of porous silicon(PS), capillary condensation takes place due to the porous structure of the PS layer, accordingly resulting in the effective refractive index changing. For PS multi-layer microcavities, the different resonant peaks shift in the reflectivity spectrum of porous silicon microcavities(PSMs). The optical sensing model is set up by applying Bruggeman effective medium approximation theory, capillary condensation process and transfer matrix theoretically analytical method of one-dimensional photonic crystals. At the same time, comprehensively researched on are the sensing characteristics of PSMs which are exposed to give concentration organic vapors. At last, made is the theoretical simulation for sensing model of the PSMs in case of saturation by using computer numerical calculation, and found is the linearity relation between the refractive index of organic solvent and the peak-shift. At the same time deduced is the peak-shift as a function of the concentration of ethanol vapors.

Differential effects of physical activity and sleep duration on cognitive function in young adults

Purpose: Although exercise and sleep duration habits are associated with cognitive function, their beneficial effects on cognitive function remain unclear. We aimed to examine the effect of sleep duration and daily physical activity on cognitive function, elucidating the neural mechanisms using near-infrared spectroscopy(NIRS).Methods: A total of 23 healthy young adults(age 22.0 ± 2.2 years) participated in this study. Exercise amount was assessed using a uniaxial accelerometer. We evaluated total sleep time(TST) and sleep efficiency by actigraphy. Cognitive function was tested using the N-back task, the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test(WCST), and the Continuous Performance Test—Identical Pairs(CPT-IP), and the cortical oxygenated hemoglobin levels during a word fluency task were measured with NIRS.Results: Exercise amount was significantly correlated with reaction time on 0- and 1-back tasks(r = —0.602, p = 0.002; r = —0.446, p = 0.033,respectively), whereas TST was significantly correlated with % corrects on the 2-back task(r = 0.486, p = 0.019). Multiple regression analysis,including exercise amount, TST, and sleep efficiency, revealed that exercise amount was the most significant factor for reaction time on 0- and 1-back tasks(b = —0.634, p = 0.002; b = —0.454, p = 0.031, respectively), and TST was the most significant factor for % corrects on the 2-back task(b = 0.542, p = 0.014). The parameter measured by WCST and CPT-IP was not significantly correlated with TST or exercise amount. Exercise amount, but not TST, was significantly correlated with the mean area under the NIRS curve in the prefrontal area(r = 0.492, p = 0.017).Conclusion: Exercise amount and TST had differential effects on working memory and cortical activation in the prefrontal area. Daily physical activity and appropriate sleep duration may play an important role in working memory.

Transition of super-hydrophobic states of droplet on rough surface

Twelve samples with periodic array square pillars microstructure were prepared on the silicon wafer by plasma etching techniques, on which space b of the square pillars increased from 5 to 60 μm. In order to study the effect ofb on the wettability of the rough surface, the effects of apparent contact angle （CA） and sliding angle （a） of the droplet on the rough surface were measured with the contact angle meter. The results show that the experimental values of CA well agree with the classical wetting theory and a decreases with the increase of b. Two drop shapes exist on the samples＇ surface, corresponding to the Cassie state and the Wenzel state respectively. The contact state in which a drop would settle depends typically on the size of b. On the role of gravitation, the irreversible transition of a drop from Cassie state to Wenzel state should occur at a certain space of the square pillars. Since the transition has implications on the application of super-hydrophobic rough surfaces, theoretically, the prediction of wetting state transition on square pillar array micro-structured surfaces provides an intuitionistic guidance for the design of steady superhydrophobic surfaces.

Design of IP core based on AMBA bus

With the rapid development of integrated circuit(IC)technology,reusable intelligent property(IP)core design is widely valued by the industry.Based on the in-depth study of the functional characteristics of advanced microcontroller bus architecture(AMBA),a design scheme of IP core is presented,and it is divided into the functional modules,and the structural design of the IP core is completed.The relationship between the internal modules of the IP core is clarified,and the top-down design method is used to build the internal architecture of the IP core.The IP core interface module,register module,baud rate module,transmit module,receive module,and interrupt module are designed in detail by using Verilog language.The simulation results show that the designed IP core supports serial peripheral interface(SPI)protocol,the function coverage of IP core reaches 100%,the maximum working frequency reaches 200 MHz,and the resource occupancy rate is less than 15%.The reusable IP core can support multiple data formats,multiple timing transmission modes,and master/slave operation modes,reducing the resource consumption of hardware circuits and having stronger applicability.

From Knowledge to Wisdom： The Case of a Micro-financing Network

As one of the most important and strategic actors of sustainable development, the micro-financing （MF） organizations are continuously adopting new strategic methods of collaboration for the success of their micro-financing missions. The paper presents the case of a newly established network of MF organizations created for the strategic objective of not only collaboration but for optimizing inter-organizational knowledge sharing systems for the micro-financing services. The purpose of the paper is to show the method used for the creation of this network, the mechanisms for its management, and the dynamisms and success factor,~ leading to its continuous development. The findings are derived from an interview with one of its most strategic founders, and material is provided by the network, and a questionnaire is administered to the members of the network. The results imply theoretical implications to innovation management and organizational development and change since the source of the creation of this network is innovative, and for the competencies of the founders and their awareness of the importance of change lead to the creation of this network. And the results also lead to managerial implications in the micro-financing sector through the provision of a unique excellent command example to follow.

The Stability Research of the Finite Difference Scheme for a Nonlinear Partial Differential Equation

The main purpose of this paper is to set up the finite difference scheme with incremental unknowns for the nonlinear differential equation by means of introducing incremental unknowns method and discuss the stability of the scheme.Through the stability analyzing for the scheme,it was shown that the stability of the finite difference scheme with the incremental unknowns is improved when compared with the stability of the corresponding classic difference scheme.

Alzheimer's disease and gut microbiota

Alzheimer＇s disease （AD） is a most common neurodegenerative disorder, which associates with impaired cognition. Gut microbiota can modulate host brain function and behavior via microbiota-gut-brain axis, including cognitive behavior. Germ-free animals, antibiotics, probiotics intervention and diet can induce alterations of gut microbiota and gut physiology and also host cognitive behavior, increasing or decreasing risks of AD. The increased permeability of intestine and blood-brain barrier induced by gut rnicrobiota disturbance will increase the incidence of neurodegeneration disorders. Gut microbial metabolites and their effects on host neurochemical changes may increase or decrease the risk of AD. Pathogenic microbes infection will also increase the risk of AD, and meanwhile, the onset of AD support the ＂hygiene hypothesis＂. All the results suggest that AD may begin in the gut, and is closely related to the imbalance of gut microbiota. Modulation of gut microbiota through personalized diet or beneficial microbiota intervention will probably become a new treatment for AD.

Differences in cognitive profiles between traumatic brain injury and stroke： A comparison of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment and Mini-Mental State Examination

Purpose： To investigate the profiles of cognitive impairment through Montreal Cognitive Assessment （MoCA） and Mini-Mental State Examination （MMSE） in patients with chronic traumatic brain injury （TBI） or stroke and to evaluate the sensitivity of the two scales in patients with TBI. Methods： In this cohort study, a total of 230 patients were evaluated, including TBI group （n = 103） and stroke group （n - 127）. The cognitive functions of two groups were evaluated by designated specialists using MoCA （Beijing version） and MMSE （Chinese version）. Results： Compared with the patients with stroke, the patients with TBI received significantly lower score in orientation subtest and recall subtest in both tests. MoCA abnormal rates in the TBI group and stroke group were 94.17% and 86.61% respectively, while MMSE abnormal rates were 69.90% and 57.48%, respectively. In the TBI group, 87.10% patients with normal MMSE score had abnormal MoCA score and in the stroke group, about 70.37% patients with normal MMSE score had abnormal MoCA score. The diagnostic consistency of two scales in the TBI group and the stroke group were 72% and 69%, re.spectively. Conclusion： In our rehabilitation center, patients with TBI may have mare extensive and severe cognitive impairments than patients with stroke, prominently in orientation and recall domain. In screening post- TBI cognitive impairment, MoCA tends to be more sensitive than MIV[SE.

FINITE-TIME TRACKING CONTROL FOR MOTOR SERVO SYSTEMS WITH UNKNOWN DEAD-ZONES

A finite-time tracking control scheme is proposed in this paper based on the terminal sliding mode principle for motor servo systems with unknown nonlinear dead-zone inputs.By using the differential mean value theorem,the dead-zone is represented as a time-varying system and thus the inverse compensation approach is avoided.Then,an indirect terminal sliding mode control(ITSMC)is developed to guarantee the finite-time convergence of the tracking error and to overcome the singularity problem in the traditional terminal sliding mode control.In the proposed controller design,the unknown nonlinearity of the system is approximated by a simple sigmoid neural network,and the approximation error is diminished by employing a robust term.Comparative experiments on a turntable servo system are conducted to show the superior performance of the proposed method.