Background： Concussions are a common pathology in football and multiple misconceptions exist amongst the players and managers. To address these misconceptions, and potentially reduce concussion associated sequela, ef...Background： Concussions are a common pathology in football and multiple misconceptions exist amongst the players and managers. To address these misconceptions, and potentially reduce concussion associated sequela, effective educational interventions need to be developed. However, the current knowledge and attitude status must be ascertained to appropriately develop these interventions. The purpose of this study was to assess the concussion knowledge and attitude of English professional footballers. Methods： Twenty-six participants from one English Football League Championship club completed the study. A mixed methods approach included the Rosenbaum Concussion Knowledge and Attitudes Survey （RoCKAS） and a semi-structured interview. The RoCKAS contains separate knowledge （055） and attitude （15-75） scores and was followed by a semi-structured interview consisting of concussion knowledge, attitude, and behavior related questions. Results： The mean score on the RoCK.AS knowledge was 16.4± 2.9 （range 11-22） and the attitude score was 59.6 ± 8.5 （range 41-71）. The interview responses identified inconsistencies between the RoCKAS and the intended behaviors, endorsing multiple concussion misconceptions, and revealed barriers to concussion reporting. Conclusion： The results of this study suggest that Championship Level English footballers have moderate concussion knowledge, safe attitudes, and good concussion symptom recognition when assessed with pen and paper questionnaires. However, within the semi-structured interview many respondents reported unsafe concussion behaviors despite accurately identifying the potential risks. Further, multiple barriers to concussion reporting were identified which included perceived severity of the injury, game situations, and the substitution rule. These findings can help form the foundation of educational interventions to potentially improve concussion reporting behaviors amongst professional footballers.展开更多
The problems of attachment failure and detachment impact within gecko-like robots’ locomotion control are considered in this paper. A real-time foot-end force intelligent sensing module with integrated sensing and st...The problems of attachment failure and detachment impact within gecko-like robots’ locomotion control are considered in this paper. A real-time foot-end force intelligent sensing module with integrated sensing and structure is developed to help the robot get the foot-end force information in time and realize stable locomotion in an uncertain environment. Firstly,a structure/sensing integrated elastomer based on a Maltese cross/cantilever beam structure is completed by designing and finite element analysis. Secondly,a real-time data acquisition and transmission system is designed to obtain the foot-end reaction force which is miniaturized and distributed. Thirdly,based on this system,a force sensor calibration platform is built to complete the calibration,decoupling,and performance testing of the sensing module. Finally,the experiment of single-leg attachment performance is carried out. The results indicate that the three-axis sensing module can detect robot’s weight,measure the reaction force with high precision and provide real-time force from robot’s foot end.展开更多
In order to realize spacecraft autonomy activity duration and complex temporal relations must be taken into consideration. In the space mission planning system, the traditional planners are unable to describe this kno...In order to realize spacecraft autonomy activity duration and complex temporal relations must be taken into consideration. In the space mission planning system, the traditional planners are unable to describe this knowledge, so an object-oriented temporal knowledge representation method is proposed to model every activity as an object to describe the activity's duration, start-time, end-time and the temporal relations with other activities. The layered planning agent architecture is then designed for spacecraft autonomous operation, and the functions of every component are given. A planning algorithm based on the temporal constraint satisfaction is built in detail using this knowledge representation and system architecture. The prototype of Deep Space Mission Autonomous Planning System is implemented. The results show that with the object-oriented temporal knowledge description method, the space mission planning system can be used to describe simultaneous activities, resource and temporal constraints, and produce a complete plan for exploration mission quickly under complex constraints.展开更多
文摘Background： Concussions are a common pathology in football and multiple misconceptions exist amongst the players and managers. To address these misconceptions, and potentially reduce concussion associated sequela, effective educational interventions need to be developed. However, the current knowledge and attitude status must be ascertained to appropriately develop these interventions. The purpose of this study was to assess the concussion knowledge and attitude of English professional footballers. Methods： Twenty-six participants from one English Football League Championship club completed the study. A mixed methods approach included the Rosenbaum Concussion Knowledge and Attitudes Survey （RoCKAS） and a semi-structured interview. The RoCKAS contains separate knowledge （055） and attitude （15-75） scores and was followed by a semi-structured interview consisting of concussion knowledge, attitude, and behavior related questions. Results： The mean score on the RoCK.AS knowledge was 16.4± 2.9 （range 11-22） and the attitude score was 59.6 ± 8.5 （range 41-71）. The interview responses identified inconsistencies between the RoCKAS and the intended behaviors, endorsing multiple concussion misconceptions, and revealed barriers to concussion reporting. Conclusion： The results of this study suggest that Championship Level English footballers have moderate concussion knowledge, safe attitudes, and good concussion symptom recognition when assessed with pen and paper questionnaires. However, within the semi-structured interview many respondents reported unsafe concussion behaviors despite accurately identifying the potential risks. Further, multiple barriers to concussion reporting were identified which included perceived severity of the injury, game situations, and the substitution rule. These findings can help form the foundation of educational interventions to potentially improve concussion reporting behaviors amongst professional footballers.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.31601870,51435008)Jiangsu Educational Innovation Program(No.KYLX16_0328)
文摘The problems of attachment failure and detachment impact within gecko-like robots’ locomotion control are considered in this paper. A real-time foot-end force intelligent sensing module with integrated sensing and structure is developed to help the robot get the foot-end force information in time and realize stable locomotion in an uncertain environment. Firstly,a structure/sensing integrated elastomer based on a Maltese cross/cantilever beam structure is completed by designing and finite element analysis. Secondly,a real-time data acquisition and transmission system is designed to obtain the foot-end reaction force which is miniaturized and distributed. Thirdly,based on this system,a force sensor calibration platform is built to complete the calibration,decoupling,and performance testing of the sensing module. Finally,the experiment of single-leg attachment performance is carried out. The results indicate that the three-axis sensing module can detect robot’s weight,measure the reaction force with high precision and provide real-time force from robot’s foot end.
文摘In order to realize spacecraft autonomy activity duration and complex temporal relations must be taken into consideration. In the space mission planning system, the traditional planners are unable to describe this knowledge, so an object-oriented temporal knowledge representation method is proposed to model every activity as an object to describe the activity's duration, start-time, end-time and the temporal relations with other activities. The layered planning agent architecture is then designed for spacecraft autonomous operation, and the functions of every component are given. A planning algorithm based on the temporal constraint satisfaction is built in detail using this knowledge representation and system architecture. The prototype of Deep Space Mission Autonomous Planning System is implemented. The results show that with the object-oriented temporal knowledge description method, the space mission planning system can be used to describe simultaneous activities, resource and temporal constraints, and produce a complete plan for exploration mission quickly under complex constraints.
