Actual slope stability problems have three-dimensional(3D) characteristics and the soils of slopes have curved failure envelopes. This incorporates a power-law nonlinear failure criterion into the kinematic approach o...Actual slope stability problems have three-dimensional(3D) characteristics and the soils of slopes have curved failure envelopes. This incorporates a power-law nonlinear failure criterion into the kinematic approach of limit analysis to conduct the evaluation of the stability of 3D slopes. A tangential technique is adopted to simplify the nonlinear failure criterion in the form of equivalent Mohr-Coulomb strength parameters. A class of 3D admissible rotational failure mechanisms is selected for soil slopes including three types of failure mechanisms: face failure, base failure, and toe failure. The upper-bound solutions and corresponding critical slip surfaces can be obtained by an efficient optimization method. The results indicate that the nonlinear parameters have significant influences on the assessment of slope stability, especially on the type of failure mechanism. The effects of nonlinear parameters appear to be pronounced for gentle slopes constrained to a narrow width. Compared with the solutions derived from plane-strain analysis, the 3D solutions are more sensitive to the values of nonlinear parameters.展开更多
In any military environment, certain cohesive forces are required for a smooth functioning, regarding accomplishment of the given mission. One of the most prominent issues from the point of view of good motivation and...In any military environment, certain cohesive forces are required for a smooth functioning, regarding accomplishment of the given mission. One of the most prominent issues from the point of view of good motivation and high morale is equity, which should definitely be imposed by leaders and taken for granted by the rank-and-file members. All military people in a certain military unit invariably keep comparing themselves with fellow soldiers： What do they contribute and what reward do they receive, in return？ Is the balance fair or unfair？ In reality, disturbances in equity may occur in various forms. Some are tolerable due to the specific character of the environment in question. But beyond a certain limit, they are disruptive of a peaceful atmosphere. The most effective cohesive force, which in turn is strongly affected and in a sense utterly determined by the satisfaction of the need for a just and fair ambiance, is the concept of comradeship. Indeed, it gets further intensified in combat circumstances. It is also this very feeling which is always pleasantly recalled even long years after the service is finished.展开更多
基金Project(201501035-03)supported by the Public Service Sector R&D Project of Ministry of Water Resource of ChinaProject(2015CB057901)supported by Basic Research Program of China+4 种基金Projects(51278382,51479050,51508160)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(B13024)supported by the 111 ProjectProjects(2014B06814,B15020060,2014B33414)supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,ChinaProject(YK913004)supported by the Open Foundation of Key Laboratory of Failure Mechanism and Safety Control Techniques of Earth-rock Dam of the Ministry of Water Resources,ChinaProject(KYZZ_0143)supported by the Graduate Education Innovation Project of Jiangsu Province of China
文摘Actual slope stability problems have three-dimensional(3D) characteristics and the soils of slopes have curved failure envelopes. This incorporates a power-law nonlinear failure criterion into the kinematic approach of limit analysis to conduct the evaluation of the stability of 3D slopes. A tangential technique is adopted to simplify the nonlinear failure criterion in the form of equivalent Mohr-Coulomb strength parameters. A class of 3D admissible rotational failure mechanisms is selected for soil slopes including three types of failure mechanisms: face failure, base failure, and toe failure. The upper-bound solutions and corresponding critical slip surfaces can be obtained by an efficient optimization method. The results indicate that the nonlinear parameters have significant influences on the assessment of slope stability, especially on the type of failure mechanism. The effects of nonlinear parameters appear to be pronounced for gentle slopes constrained to a narrow width. Compared with the solutions derived from plane-strain analysis, the 3D solutions are more sensitive to the values of nonlinear parameters.
文摘In any military environment, certain cohesive forces are required for a smooth functioning, regarding accomplishment of the given mission. One of the most prominent issues from the point of view of good motivation and high morale is equity, which should definitely be imposed by leaders and taken for granted by the rank-and-file members. All military people in a certain military unit invariably keep comparing themselves with fellow soldiers： What do they contribute and what reward do they receive, in return？ Is the balance fair or unfair？ In reality, disturbances in equity may occur in various forms. Some are tolerable due to the specific character of the environment in question. But beyond a certain limit, they are disruptive of a peaceful atmosphere. The most effective cohesive force, which in turn is strongly affected and in a sense utterly determined by the satisfaction of the need for a just and fair ambiance, is the concept of comradeship. Indeed, it gets further intensified in combat circumstances. It is also this very feeling which is always pleasantly recalled even long years after the service is finished.
