Although a large number of studies have focused on various aspects of politeness,very little is known about how politeness intention is activated cognitively during verbal communication.The present study aims to explo...Although a large number of studies have focused on various aspects of politeness,very little is known about how politeness intention is activated cognitively during verbal communication.The present study aims to explore the cognitive mechanism of politeness intention processing,and how it is related to pragmatic failure during cross-cultural communication.Using 30 Chinese EFL university students who were instructed to finish a probe word judgment task with 96 virtual scenarios,the results indicate that within both mono-and cross-cultural contexts,the response time in the experimental scenarios was significantly slower than that of the filler scenarios.This suggests that politeness intention was activated while understanding the surface meaning of the conversation;however,the EFL learners could not completely avoid the negative transfer of their native politeness conventions when they were comprehending the conversational intention of the target language.Furthermore,no significant differences in response time were found between the groups with high and low English pragmatic competence,illustrating that transferring the pragmatic rules and principles into cross-cultural communication skills was more cognitively demanding.Overall,this study adds to the literature on politeness research and provides some implications for foreign language pragmatic instructions.展开更多
Based on Grice＇s cooperative principle, Brown and Levinson＇s politeness strategy, Leech put forward his politeness principle, which serves as a pragmatic principle in daily interpersonal and business communication. ...Based on Grice＇s cooperative principle, Brown and Levinson＇s politeness strategy, Leech put forward his politeness principle, which serves as a pragmatic principle in daily interpersonal and business communication. Tourism advertisements, as a means of business communication, have a close relationship with politeness principle. This paper, tram the perspective of the six maxims of politeness principle, analyzes and explores their application to English tourism advertisements and discusses the role of politeness principle in English tourism advertisements.展开更多
This paper examines an under-researched phenomenon of mock impoliteness in Chinese online interaction,namely,the practice of hudui(lit.reciprocal jocular abuse)as a solidarity enhancing device among acquaintances.Draw...This paper examines an under-researched phenomenon of mock impoliteness in Chinese online interaction,namely,the practice of hudui(lit.reciprocal jocular abuse)as a solidarity enhancing device among acquaintances.Drawing on data from Qzone interaction among Chinese university students,this study focuses on ritual features,sequential patterns and interpersonal functions of hudui through the lens of Kádár’s(2013,2017)interpersonal ritual theory.The results show that hudui is co-constructed by the online participants with the symmetric pattern of mutual abuse,which distinguishes it from previous studies of jocular abuse(i.e.,the asymmetric pattern of abuser–recipient).They also reveal that hudui accomplishes various kinds of relational work,including fostering intimacy,enhancing mutual affection-based face and creating amusement.展开更多
Peace＇s gift when you meet the other is not a polite phrase. This is courtesy or politeness which institutes a priority order： first the far, then the near. In Levinas＇ thought, there is a peace of pure rest, ＂at ...Peace＇s gift when you meet the other is not a polite phrase. This is courtesy or politeness which institutes a priority order： first the far, then the near. In Levinas＇ thought, there is a peace of pure rest, ＂at home＂ and a peace which questions my own identity. A fair peace is a peace where the foreigner goes before me. ＂Close peace is my responsibility for the other man,＂ says Levinas. It is an ＂ethical＂ peace, different from political peace. Peace comes from my own responsibility for the other, until it could die for him. Maybe this welcome will seem crazy, but it is moderated, i.e., involved and estimated in politics. Levinas knows the political moment. But he puts it to its place： to welcome the strangers is an objective fact. Proximity of social link and perspective of far cannot be separated. It＇s a matter of politics and right.展开更多
The theory of politeness and face-saving proposed by Brown and Levinson （1978, 1987） has been up to now the most influential politeness model. Brown and Levinson＇s politeness theory contains three basic notions： f...The theory of politeness and face-saving proposed by Brown and Levinson （1978, 1987） has been up to now the most influential politeness model. Brown and Levinson＇s politeness theory contains three basic notions： face, FTAs （face threatening acts）, and politeness strategies. According to the authors, ＂face＂ refers to the public self-image of a person. Negative face shows the need to be independent, to have freedom of action, and not to be imposed on by others. Positive face shows the need to be accepted, even liked, by others, to be treated as a member of the same group, and to know that his or her wants are shared by others. It plays a leading role in the study of speech acts Brown and Levinson introduced five super strategies for politeness in relation to FTAs： bald on-record, positive politeness, negative politeness, off-record, and don＇t do the FTAs. The theoretical framework of this paper is based on Brown and Levinson＇s politeness theory and strategies展开更多
Language as a means of communication is represented in two basic forms, written and spoken. Spoken is the first form mastered by language speaker, particularly children. Speech community consists of adult and children...Language as a means of communication is represented in two basic forms, written and spoken. Spoken is the first form mastered by language speaker, particularly children. Speech community consists of adult and children. In producing their utterance, children are supposed to be affected by their parents. As a result of different educational background of their parents, children may produce different utterances including refusal. Children from different parents＇ educational background vary their refusal. The tendency that the higher parents＇ educational background will result the more polite refusal produced by children is not proved.展开更多
Redressive strategy plays an important role in talk show. This paper attempts to analyze the application of PP （Politeness Principle） and its redressive strategies in Oprah Winfrey＇s Talk Show from the pragmatic pe...Redressive strategy plays an important role in talk show. This paper attempts to analyze the application of PP （Politeness Principle） and its redressive strategies in Oprah Winfrey＇s Talk Show from the pragmatic perspective This paper employs two theories, the PP and its redressive strategies （especially redressive strategies）. The analytical data for the present study are collected from Oprah Winfrey＇s Talk Show. In order to understand the PP and its redressive strategies better, this paper will analyze and investigate Oprah Winfrey＇s Talk Show from different perspectives by means of qualitative approach. The purpose of this study is the application of these two theories in the daily talk, and the analysis of how they do FTAs （Face-Threatening Acts）. The success of Oprah Winfrey＇s Talk Show lies in her super language skill and her ability of dealing with some problems. In her talk show Oprah often adopts redressive strategy to save the guest＇s face and keep a congenial atmosphere. The author hopes that this study can help the audience better enjoy and understand talk show program, and maintain the stable and harmonious relationship in real human interaction. The analytical work in the present paper is just a tiny part of politeness, and it is hoped that further studies can be conducted to make more contributions to politeness展开更多
Due to the differences of cultural values and conventions, people from different cultures may have different understandings about the courtesy language. This paper expounds the differences between English and Chinese ...Due to the differences of cultural values and conventions, people from different cultures may have different understandings about the courtesy language. This paper expounds the differences between English and Chinese courtesy languages, mainly from terms of address, greetings and appreciations. It also analyzes the reasons for the differences between English and Chinese courtesy languages, i.e. different cultures and different politeness principles. Through the contrastive studies of courtesy language, people will come to a clear understanding of the relationship between language and culture, which is meaningful to English teaching and learning.展开更多
Teachers＇ talk is an important aspect for conducting college English class effectively. It plays crucial roles in giving instructions, organizing classroom norm, and facilitating students＇ language acquisition. Base...Teachers＇ talk is an important aspect for conducting college English class effectively. It plays crucial roles in giving instructions, organizing classroom norm, and facilitating students＇ language acquisition. Based on Leech＇s Politeness Principle, this paper has analyzed the politeness in teachers＇ classroom talk and explored the functions it possesses as well. The study shows that the politeness feature of college English teachers＇ classroom talk is the consequences of observing each maxim of the Politeness Principle and is of the functions such as making effective cornmnication, keeping friendly relations with students, saving students＇ face, etc.. Conducting research on politeness in teachers＇ talk is conducive to understanding the process of language teaching and learning.展开更多
Politeness principle, cooperation principle, social protocols, guidelines on the session, face preservation contract theory, as well as ＂politeness five criteria＂ of Chinese characteristics, and a series of principl...Politeness principle, cooperation principle, social protocols, guidelines on the session, face preservation contract theory, as well as ＂politeness five criteria＂ of Chinese characteristics, and a series of principles and theories related to domestic and foreign research polite language provides a solid foundation, rich nutrients and scientific way of thinking for Chinese ＂polite language＂. This article combined with stylistic letter, takes ＂Fu Lei Letter＂ as the corpus to study online behavior polite language.展开更多
In this paper, we conduct research on the pragmatics of politeness principle of bulletin board system based on the differences of gender and habits. The openness of the Internet makes all kinds of information received...In this paper, we conduct research on the pragmatics of politeness principle of bulletin board system based on the differences of gender and habits. The openness of the Internet makes all kinds of information received into the vision of an equal chance and web sites in order to improve the hit rate which causes the traffic of commercial purposes such as tabloidization tend to be more negative news spread. To strengthen the research of network language management strategy, it has very important theoretical significance and practical meaning analyzed. Our proposed methodology will help researchers to understand the approaches to use the pragrnatics of politeness.展开更多
This paper attempts to make a contrastive cross-cultural study of a special speech act-- ＂disagreement.＂ Participants are 35 American undergraduates and 42 Chinese undergraduates respectively with the data eliciting...This paper attempts to make a contrastive cross-cultural study of a special speech act-- ＂disagreement.＂ Participants are 35 American undergraduates and 42 Chinese undergraduates respectively with the data eliciting technique--DCT （discourse completion test）. Findings show that Chinese undergraduates tend to use different politeness strategies according to different social distance and social power while American undergraduates prefer to use positive politeness strategy most followed by negative politeness strategy, regardless of social distance and social power. The results of the study reveal cultural differences between the U.S. and China that lead to the distribution of diverse politeness strategies and also offer insights into what Chinese EFL learners are struggling with during their development of interlanguage pragmatic competence.展开更多
文摘Although a large number of studies have focused on various aspects of politeness,very little is known about how politeness intention is activated cognitively during verbal communication.The present study aims to explore the cognitive mechanism of politeness intention processing,and how it is related to pragmatic failure during cross-cultural communication.Using 30 Chinese EFL university students who were instructed to finish a probe word judgment task with 96 virtual scenarios,the results indicate that within both mono-and cross-cultural contexts,the response time in the experimental scenarios was significantly slower than that of the filler scenarios.This suggests that politeness intention was activated while understanding the surface meaning of the conversation;however,the EFL learners could not completely avoid the negative transfer of their native politeness conventions when they were comprehending the conversational intention of the target language.Furthermore,no significant differences in response time were found between the groups with high and low English pragmatic competence,illustrating that transferring the pragmatic rules and principles into cross-cultural communication skills was more cognitively demanding.Overall,this study adds to the literature on politeness research and provides some implications for foreign language pragmatic instructions.
文摘Based on Grice＇s cooperative principle, Brown and Levinson＇s politeness strategy, Leech put forward his politeness principle, which serves as a pragmatic principle in daily interpersonal and business communication. Tourism advertisements, as a means of business communication, have a close relationship with politeness principle. This paper, tram the perspective of the six maxims of politeness principle, analyzes and explores their application to English tourism advertisements and discusses the role of politeness principle in English tourism advertisements.
基金support the Department of Education of Guangdong Province and Center for Linguistics and Applied Linguistics at Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, China, for the project (2018WZDXM006) on the frontier research and theoretical innovations in interpersonal pragmaticsthe Youth Fund Project (Project No.: 19QN34) of Guangdong University of Foreign Studiesthe support from the Chinese Ministry of Education Research Project of Humanities and Social Science (Project No.: 16JJD740006) conducted by the Center for Linguistics and Applied Linguistics, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies.
文摘This paper examines an under-researched phenomenon of mock impoliteness in Chinese online interaction,namely,the practice of hudui(lit.reciprocal jocular abuse)as a solidarity enhancing device among acquaintances.Drawing on data from Qzone interaction among Chinese university students,this study focuses on ritual features,sequential patterns and interpersonal functions of hudui through the lens of Kádár’s(2013,2017)interpersonal ritual theory.The results show that hudui is co-constructed by the online participants with the symmetric pattern of mutual abuse,which distinguishes it from previous studies of jocular abuse(i.e.,the asymmetric pattern of abuser–recipient).They also reveal that hudui accomplishes various kinds of relational work,including fostering intimacy,enhancing mutual affection-based face and creating amusement.
文摘Peace＇s gift when you meet the other is not a polite phrase. This is courtesy or politeness which institutes a priority order： first the far, then the near. In Levinas＇ thought, there is a peace of pure rest, ＂at home＂ and a peace which questions my own identity. A fair peace is a peace where the foreigner goes before me. ＂Close peace is my responsibility for the other man,＂ says Levinas. It is an ＂ethical＂ peace, different from political peace. Peace comes from my own responsibility for the other, until it could die for him. Maybe this welcome will seem crazy, but it is moderated, i.e., involved and estimated in politics. Levinas knows the political moment. But he puts it to its place： to welcome the strangers is an objective fact. Proximity of social link and perspective of far cannot be separated. It＇s a matter of politics and right.
文摘The theory of politeness and face-saving proposed by Brown and Levinson （1978, 1987） has been up to now the most influential politeness model. Brown and Levinson＇s politeness theory contains three basic notions： face, FTAs （face threatening acts）, and politeness strategies. According to the authors, ＂face＂ refers to the public self-image of a person. Negative face shows the need to be independent, to have freedom of action, and not to be imposed on by others. Positive face shows the need to be accepted, even liked, by others, to be treated as a member of the same group, and to know that his or her wants are shared by others. It plays a leading role in the study of speech acts Brown and Levinson introduced five super strategies for politeness in relation to FTAs： bald on-record, positive politeness, negative politeness, off-record, and don＇t do the FTAs. The theoretical framework of this paper is based on Brown and Levinson＇s politeness theory and strategies
文摘Language as a means of communication is represented in two basic forms, written and spoken. Spoken is the first form mastered by language speaker, particularly children. Speech community consists of adult and children. In producing their utterance, children are supposed to be affected by their parents. As a result of different educational background of their parents, children may produce different utterances including refusal. Children from different parents＇ educational background vary their refusal. The tendency that the higher parents＇ educational background will result the more polite refusal produced by children is not proved.
文摘Redressive strategy plays an important role in talk show. This paper attempts to analyze the application of PP （Politeness Principle） and its redressive strategies in Oprah Winfrey＇s Talk Show from the pragmatic perspective This paper employs two theories, the PP and its redressive strategies （especially redressive strategies）. The analytical data for the present study are collected from Oprah Winfrey＇s Talk Show. In order to understand the PP and its redressive strategies better, this paper will analyze and investigate Oprah Winfrey＇s Talk Show from different perspectives by means of qualitative approach. The purpose of this study is the application of these two theories in the daily talk, and the analysis of how they do FTAs （Face-Threatening Acts）. The success of Oprah Winfrey＇s Talk Show lies in her super language skill and her ability of dealing with some problems. In her talk show Oprah often adopts redressive strategy to save the guest＇s face and keep a congenial atmosphere. The author hopes that this study can help the audience better enjoy and understand talk show program, and maintain the stable and harmonious relationship in real human interaction. The analytical work in the present paper is just a tiny part of politeness, and it is hoped that further studies can be conducted to make more contributions to politeness
文摘Due to the differences of cultural values and conventions, people from different cultures may have different understandings about the courtesy language. This paper expounds the differences between English and Chinese courtesy languages, mainly from terms of address, greetings and appreciations. It also analyzes the reasons for the differences between English and Chinese courtesy languages, i.e. different cultures and different politeness principles. Through the contrastive studies of courtesy language, people will come to a clear understanding of the relationship between language and culture, which is meaningful to English teaching and learning.
文摘Teachers＇ talk is an important aspect for conducting college English class effectively. It plays crucial roles in giving instructions, organizing classroom norm, and facilitating students＇ language acquisition. Based on Leech＇s Politeness Principle, this paper has analyzed the politeness in teachers＇ classroom talk and explored the functions it possesses as well. The study shows that the politeness feature of college English teachers＇ classroom talk is the consequences of observing each maxim of the Politeness Principle and is of the functions such as making effective cornmnication, keeping friendly relations with students, saving students＇ face, etc.. Conducting research on politeness in teachers＇ talk is conducive to understanding the process of language teaching and learning.
文摘Politeness principle, cooperation principle, social protocols, guidelines on the session, face preservation contract theory, as well as ＂politeness five criteria＂ of Chinese characteristics, and a series of principles and theories related to domestic and foreign research polite language provides a solid foundation, rich nutrients and scientific way of thinking for Chinese ＂polite language＂. This article combined with stylistic letter, takes ＂Fu Lei Letter＂ as the corpus to study online behavior polite language.
文摘In this paper, we conduct research on the pragmatics of politeness principle of bulletin board system based on the differences of gender and habits. The openness of the Internet makes all kinds of information received into the vision of an equal chance and web sites in order to improve the hit rate which causes the traffic of commercial purposes such as tabloidization tend to be more negative news spread. To strengthen the research of network language management strategy, it has very important theoretical significance and practical meaning analyzed. Our proposed methodology will help researchers to understand the approaches to use the pragrnatics of politeness.
基金supported by a scholarship from China Scholarship CouncilZhejiang Provincial Department of Education~~
文摘This paper attempts to make a contrastive cross-cultural study of a special speech act-- ＂disagreement.＂ Participants are 35 American undergraduates and 42 Chinese undergraduates respectively with the data eliciting technique--DCT （discourse completion test）. Findings show that Chinese undergraduates tend to use different politeness strategies according to different social distance and social power while American undergraduates prefer to use positive politeness strategy most followed by negative politeness strategy, regardless of social distance and social power. The results of the study reveal cultural differences between the U.S. and China that lead to the distribution of diverse politeness strategies and also offer insights into what Chinese EFL learners are struggling with during their development of interlanguage pragmatic competence.
