从“拉面哥”现象看社交媒体“网红制造”异化

“拉面哥”爆红,引发新一轮网络直播者们的群体性发烧,前者成为“被动网红”和道具,后者则是“主动网红”,各地大批自媒体直播人花式蹭热度,演变成为一场“反智”狂欢和媒介技术进步时代的商业滥觞,却也实证了默顿的媒介技术进步的社会动力学功能悖论。

Comparative efficacy of social media delivered health education on glycemic control: A meta-analysis

Objective:To compare outcomes associated with patient education about glycemic control via group chat versus patient education as usual among individuals with diabetes in China.Methods:We searched the following databases both in English and in Chinese languages:PubMed,CNKI,Wanfang database,VIP database,and CBM for articles published up to Jan 1,2018.The studies were screened by two independent reviewers.Using criteria from the risk of bias assessment tool developed by Cochrane Collaboration to assess the risk of bias of eligible studies.A meta-analysis of studies was performed using comprehensive meta-analysis version 3.0.Results:Twenty-five unique randomized clinical trials,including 2,838 patients,were identified.The education delivered via group chat had large overall pooled effect sizes in improving glucose control measured by hemoglobin A1c[Hedges'g=-0.81,95%CI:(-0.98,-0.64)],fasting blood glucose[Hedges'g=-1.11,95%CI:(-1.37,-0.85)],and 2 h postprandial blood glucose[Hedges'g=-0.98,95%CI:(-1.20,-0.76)].Additionally,patient education delivered via group chat has shown consistently superior outcomes in glucose control in short-term(0-3 months),mid-term(3-6 months)and longer-term(6-12 months).Conclusions:Educational interventions via group chat had a superior outcome in blood glucose control compared to education as usual in China.Educational interventions via group chat had superior shortterm,mid-term,and longer-term outcomes in blood glucose control compared to education as usual in China.

Impact of thumb up sharing advertising in social media

“Thumb up advertising”is a new and effective way to spread shared advertising in social media.How the retailer adapts“thumb up advertising”in marketing with a game theory model is analyzed.The results show that when the retailer chooses to thumb up the advertising in Moments,a higher reward will increase the equilibrium price but hurt the retailer s expected profit;if the consumers can more easily reach the thumb up amount,the retailer will charge a higher price,and possibly gain more profit.When the retailer chooses thumb up at the end of the advertising context,a higher reward will increase the equilibrium price and the retailers expected profit will increase/decrease.If the consumers are easier to reach the thumb up amount,the retailer will charge a higher price,and may get more profit.If a consumer s click cost of clicking the sharing advertising is higher,the retailer charges a lower price;and if the consumer s additional perceived value from the advertising is higher,the retailer charges a higher price and reaps more profit.

Using Social Media to Promote Intercultural Communication Between Chinese and American University Students

This paper reports a five-year computer-mediated intercultural exchange project between Chinese and American university students that explores the use of various social media tools with WeChat application as the main medium in collaborative intercultural assignments. The study combines quantitative and qualitative approaches by using questionnaires and action research, to investigate how Chinese EFL and American CFL learners increase their intercultural communication competence by assessing their knowledge, awareness, attitudes, and skills of discovery and awareness. The findings reveal their changes and progress in the following variables: knowledge about the variety and subtlety of both the home and target cultures, a different worldview, and cultural study methods;awareness of the importance of differences and similarities between the home and target cultures, their negative reactions to these differences(e.g., fear, ridicule, disgust, feeling of superiority, etc.) and therefore, critical evaluation of the target and home cultures;attitudes from excitement or blind admiration of the target culture to confusion, anxiety or frustration about the cultural differences, later to toleration and appreciation of cultural differences, adaptation to the target culture, and eventually to openness and readiness to suspend disbelief about other cultures and belief about one’s own;skills to contrast the target culture with their own, to demonstrate a capacity to interact appropriately in a variety of different social situations in the target culture and resolve cross-cultural conflicts and misunderstandings. This research will serve as a valuable reference for computer-mediated intercultural communication teaching and open up new possibilities to extend classroom teaching by bridging the gap between second-hand knowledge and hands-on experience.

Analysis of optimal referral reward programs for innovative offerings

A nested Stackelberg game among a provider of a product,a sender(existing customer),and a receiver(new customer)is developed to explore the optimal referral reward programs(RRPs)for innovative offerings.The results indicate that the provider should forsake RRPs and purely rely on customers'organic word-of-mouth communication under certain conditions.In particular,when the innovativeness of the referred product is extremely high,the provider should forsake RRPs completely,even though few customers will make organic referrals for the product.When the innovativeness is on other levels,the provider should make optimal RRPs decision depending on both the sender's persuasion effectiveness and the tie-strength between the two customers.Moreover,the optimal rewards increase with the innovativeness of the referred product when the provider opts to use RRPs.These results seem contrary to the existing empirical finding to some extent,and it is due to the high referral cost for making a successful referral for the high innovative offerings.

New Media, Public Sphere, and Arab Spring： Demystifying the Power of Social Networks

This paper looks at the new media, communication, and political environment in both Tunisia and Egypt during and after the revolution. The new environment provided activists, politicians, civil society, and youth among others, who want to express their opinions and share their views, with various channels and means of corranunication to be part of the political action and to participate in the decision-making process. Social media played an important role in mobilizing youth to rally and protest. This is to say that a new model of communication has emerged with this new environment. The receiver has become the sender and the producer of the message. The process of communication, therefore, has been changed from one to many to from many to many, and everybody became sender and receiver at the same time. The main research question this paper aims to answer is： Are social networks enough to change the political and economic scene in the Arab World？ And is there a relationship between the new communication environment and Arab spring？ The year 2011 has been in the Arab world the year of social networks and radical changes in the political scene where a score of dictators were ousted. New political communication networks and mechanisms took place, and for the first time in Arab political communication, public opinion was a major political player. Social networks helped tremendously the formation of new public sphere where the public finds its way in the media and communication processes. At their best, new media can mobilize crowds and masses to rally and protest. They can give a social perspective to movements. However, they can＇t make change and implement democracy. After the collapse of the regimes in Tunisia and Egypt, things are not getting any better. There is no democratic transition, and both countries are experiencing complex economic, social, and political problems.

Value Disclosure of Young Adults Through Social Media in the Iraqi Kurdistan Region as an Emerging Democracy

This study examines how accurate young adults in the Iraqi Kurdistan Region, as an emerging democracy in the Middle East, express their core values through social media （Facebook in this context）. It also explores whether privacy affects with value disclosure. Findings show that value disclosure and definition of privacy varied greatly among respondents and from one value to another. Based on in-depth interview with 12 young adults, the study finds that religious, social, and cultural values have been easily and freely expressed on Facebook accounts by the majority of young adults, whereas other values such as honesty, freedom of speech, and political beliefs are being held by others mainly for privacy issues and political reasons. Democracy was a core value for some young adults seeking to make sense of the western principles of democracy and that reflect on their Facebook account. Results suggest that male respondents practice more freedom and less caution about their privacy than the female respondents on Facebook.

Facebook in the External Communication of High Schools

The study is based on the i^dea of intersection of two current trends： The increasing importance of social networking services on the one hand, and on the other hand, the increase in the high schools＇ need to be successful on the （school） market. Facebook, the most popular social networking service currently, is gradually transforming its form from the leisure and entertainment media towards the more serious media suitable for many traditional types of messages. At the same time, high schools, in addition to traditional forms of reaching out the public, are trying to find and use new forms of communication media, including social networking services. In this study, the author will focus on the current status of the social networking service----Facebook, used as a communication tool of high schools in Slovakia. The presented data are based on exploratory research followed by discursive analysis.

Social Media Use for Information-Sharing Activities Among Youth in Malaysia

Social media are popular among youth for sharing information. This study tries to explore the popularity of the social media sites, the level of use of the social media sites, the types of information-sharing activities involved on the social media sites, to compare youth of various background in relation to information-sharing activities, and to analyze the relationship between the level of social media use and the information-sharing activities among youth. This study employs a quantitative research design, using survey method with questionnaire as the research instrument used for data collection. In this study, youth aged between 17-40 years old nationwide were surveyed. The study was developed based on the user and gratification theory （Blumler ＆ Katz, 1974）. Findings showed that youth always （five to seven days per week） use social media to share information including personal information. Results also showed that youth used the social media more for sharing negatively-oriented information compared to the positively-oriented information. Although there were more items on the positively-oriented information-sharing activities but more youth spent their time on the negatively-oriented information-sharing activities. The results are supported by a strong relationship between frequency of use and the negatively-oriented information-sharing activities.