再现辛亥年间国人生活的第一部日记体长篇文言小说——浅谈李涵秋的《雪莲日记》

李涵秋的《雪莲日记》是我国第一部日记体长篇文言小说 ,真实地记述了“武昌变乱”后满族女子雪莲的家庭变故 ,星莲、雪莲姐妹逃出南京城后沿途辗转的见闻感受 ,从一个侧面体现了作者对辛亥革命的思考 ,它应是一部“社会”小说。就当时的小说创作水平来说 ,《雪莲日记》无论是思想内容还是艺术手法都有它独特创新的一面。

论布莱希特的小说创作

作为硕果累累的剧作家、戏剧理论家和诗人，布莱希特留给后世的散文作品虽然寥寥无几，但其小说艺术和美学观点却在同时代的德国作家中独树一帜。其以《图伊小说》为代表的“实验”小说，熔叙述、思辨、说理为一炉，调动读者进行独力思考，充分体现了作者在艺术创作上所追求的批判和创新精神。

On Naipaurs novels from reality and acuity

Naipaul＇s novels are real and acute, which reflect many countries and social realities, especially terrible lives and depressed emotions, including human interests, opinions, ideas, consciousnesses, self-acceptance, idea crisis, looking for identity, spiritual trouble, contradiction between religion and life, cultural conflict in colonized countries and post-colonized areas. Such novels are from actual realities, life facts, street matters with miscellaneous, vicissitudinous, and integrative skills and abilities.

A Comparative Approach to Madame Bovary and Kiralik Konak in Terms of Alienation

One＇s alienation from herself/himself and the Though alienation begins with the disharmony, society in which she/he lives is a common theme in literature. or anomaly, between the society and individual, it usually ends up with the individual＇s distanciation from the society and retreat into her/his private and inner space. Yet s/he cannot get rid of the problems surrounding her/him and experiences a disastrous end. In this sense, the novel Madame Bovary by Gustave Flaubert, a nineteenth-century French novelist, and Kirahk Konak （The Mansion for Sale） by Yakup Kadri Karaosmanoglu, a twentieth-century Turkish writer, are two ideal examples for this theme in that the protagonists of these two novels are alienated from themselves and their society. This study is intended to make a comparative analysis of these two novels on the basis of the term ＂alienation＂ in the light of Emile Durkheim＇s views of the issue.

Alice Walker＇ s Colors of Identity

The paper traces back women like Celie, Shug, Sofia or Nettie engaged in journeys of self-discovery and development, ones that follow predicted feminist patterns, who try to get free from any dominance, either be it male, social or cultural. The colour purple signifies a metaphysical, social and personal rebirth reflected into different shades by their inner self. The social oppression for black women in their quest for freedom is the main theme of Walker＇s novel The Color Purple, written in the epistolary technique of Samuel Richardson＇s in the XVIllth century English novel. In our attempt to analyse the theme and the female characters of the novel we are also trying to cross a bridge from the slave woman of the past belonging to a completely different culture and race to the contemporary paradigm of the liberated woman. The movement in time encompasses possible similitudes and differences.

Evaluation of the Elements of Orality in O. K. Matsepe＇s Novel Lesitaphiri （Unsolved Problem）

Oral literature transcends from orality to scribality and then textuality due to technological innovation. This paper seeks to evaluate the value of the characteristics of orality as applied by Oliver Kgadime Matsepe in his novel Legitaphiri （Unsolved Problem） （2008）. This will be done by taking into account the significance of self and community in a developing and changing society. It is important to note that all cultures are born from orality. However, the changes that the self and community undergo have a strong impact on the communications models within the community. This is influenced by the self and community, as the writer expresses his/her views by means of language that is based on a particular community.

From the 19th-Century Novel to the Portuguese Contemporary Film Adaptation

The literary adaptations of canonical novels for film provide a unique repository of both identity contents and socio-cultural observations which can be revisited through the filmic representations. These recreations symbolize not only a privileged visual interpretation of a nation, but they also allow us to examine how a given society reflects itself through the fiction. In this sense, the objective of this paper is to reflect upon the Portuguese updated filmic adaptation of The Crime of Father Amaro （1880） by the canonical author Eta de Queiroz. On one hand, the author intends to rethink about the Portuguese identity portrayed by the film and, at the same time, the author manages to observe how the Portuguese society is revealed. On the other hand, the paper aims to analyze the particular process of the adaptation of The Crime of Father Amaro following a qualitative methodology

Comments on the characters of feminism in the Awakening

Kate Chopin＇ s ＂The Awakening＂ is a classical female literature in American literature. In this paper, the novel starts from the portrait of the characters. By analyzing the relationship between the protagonist and the sex with the opposite sex, and her sense of self from germination to enhance the process of choking, this paper is to shows us the social reality and the feminism in this novel, besides it also discusses the important role ＂ the Awakening＂ plays in the social and contemporary context.

A Study of Space in the Novel Ragtime

The novel Ragtime, written by the contemporary American writer Edgar Lawrence Doctorow, imaginatively reconstructs the urban space in the Progressive Era. In the period of social transformation and change, all kinds of contradictions in New York City are becoming increasingly acute. The division of space reflects the power discourse of different classes, races, and genders. The connection, extension and expansion of space promote the features of urban modernity and open up new patterns of social behavior and opportunities for survival, but cannot fundamentally alleviate the capitalist crisis. Spatial layout and distribution of the city are not only the reflection of social relations, but also the ＂time capsule＂, bearing the history of the city, and the writing of space offers a mirror for the author＇s emotion and value judgment.

《爱的牺牲》中欧·亨利的爱情观

O. Henry is a realist and humanitarian writer. In his life, he wrote more than 300 short stories and a full-length novel. Sacrifice of Love is a typical O Henry＇s novel, which was formed in American society that changed from the rapid development ofcapitalism to the era of imperialism. During this period, the rotten social system, ruthless competition and insatiable exploitation jugulatcd and contorted human＇s emotions. In such a society, O. Henry, on the one hand, advocated and paid a tribute to beautiful love. on the other hand, he felt helpless and hateful to the cruel social and hard living conditions. Love itself is holy and sweet, but due to the decay of the social system, love was full of bitterness. This paper focuses on analyzing O. Henry＇s views of love, the reasons of formation and the expression skills. The subject of the Sacrifice of Love is： love itselfis sweet and holy, but in the capitalist society, it is destined to be a tragedy.

Postcolonialism Revisited： Representations of the Subaltern in Fadia Faqir＇s Pillars of Salt

Postcolonial theory is a well-established critical approach that addresses issues such as the quest for identity, the significance of land, homelessness, resistance, and the encounter between the colonized and the colonizers. This paper examines the postcolonial elements utilized by the Anglo-Jordanian novelist Fadia Faqir in her novel Pillars of Salt. It discusses the novel＇s themes and techniques associated with postcolonialism as a literary theory and as a critical approach. Being a postcolonial text, the novel shows the writer＇s attempt at writing back in response to the colonial past with its power structures and social hierarchies. Thematically, the novel is analyzed with special reference to such topics as the subaltern, Anglo-Jordanian ties, language, othemess, and identity. The paper also traces the continuity of postcolonial discourse in Faqir＇s novel and gives a short survey of the historical events that provide the background to the main events in this essentially postcolonial work.

Philosophy and Fiction Tattoo of the Counter-culture Crossing the Brazilian Dictatorship

This paper seeks to explore connections between some philosophical concepts and the movie Tattoo （Brazil, 2013）, directed by Hilton Lacerda. This movie approaches the Slash movies, a kind of Brazilian movies that use the humor and the mockery as ways of resistance to interrogate political, philosophical, and moral questions. The concepts of fabulation and the potency of the false will be thought in its connections with the Arts to think the force of this movie with its experimental characteristics （sound, image, performance...） in touching ethics, political, and social problems of the past and update them to think the Brazilian contemporary society. We also want to point out the possibilities of this movie operating a micro-political resistance, using the humor and irony as tools to cause effects in the reality. In Tattoo, the violence （and, the oppression itself） is fought by the tasting and experimentation of another culture providing other ways of life, enabling other effectuations and desires, even if the sanction was going to repress.

Under the Veil of Science Fiction： Katniss＇ Initiation in the Hunger Games Trilogy

The success of the Hunger Games trilogy to the young readers is its distinctive blending of science fiction elements with protagonist Katniss＇ initiation. The trilogy suffices youth＇s interest to embrace a fiction that dramatizes both realistic and fantastic portray of the world. Through depicting the intellectual and social development of protagonist Katniss who, after experiencing both defeats and triumphs in a dystopian world, Suzanne Collins successfully conveys the coming-of-age theme under the veil of science fiction in the Hunger Games trilogy.

The Impact of Socio-Cultural Contexts on the Reception of Contemporary Saudi Novels

This paper examines how the socio-cultural contexts have affected readers＇ responses to particular Saudi novels. It draws on Fish＇s concept of ＂interpretive communities＂, which argues that interpretation is an institutional practice, and that consequently readers hold shared prior assumptions that constrain their interpretive strategies （Fish 1980）. Not surprisingly then, some responses to Saudi authors are based on the ideological belief that their novels consist of acts of rebellion against a conservative culture. A close reading of the conflict between Saudi novelists and the social responses to their works can reflect how cultural and social contexts shape the reception of contemporary Saudi novels, and can also help to construct public attitudes toward these texts. Saudi novelists have faced a number of social constraints and factors which have affected the development of the novel in Saudi Arabia. For example, works by al-Gosaibi, Munif, Khal, al-Hamad, al-Mohaimeed, Alsanea, and al-luhani have all been banned because they were seen to pose a major threat to the dominant, patriarchal Saudi ideology. While the social controversy around these writers was raging, some other writers applied self-censorship to avoid touching upon what were perceived to be the most sensitive issues.

Out of Absurdity On the Ending of Catch-22

As one of the first and most original creations of literary postmodernism, published in the year 1961, Catch-22＇s （1961） position in American literature remains secure. Yet its ending has been held as unconvincing ever since its publication. Taking the overall structure, tone, and the theme of the novel into consideration, this paper aims to prove the credibility of this controversial part. It consists of five sections apart from an introduction and a conclusion. Section One provides general information on the life and works of Joseph Heller. Section Two traces the impact of existentialism and the generation of black humor to clarify the literary position of Catch-22. Section Three brings out the disputative opinions on the ending part. Sections Four and Five, try to prove Yossarian＇s final desertion a natural and convincing ending from different perspectives： Section Four analyses how Yossarian gains an entropic vision of the cosmos; section Five studies his existential vision of physical life and searches for the immediate factors that propel Yossarian＇s desertion. Section five also explains the ending＇s change in tone and structure. The conclusion summarizes the paper and points out the social significance of the novel.

A Perfect Combination of the Real Life and Literary World： An Analysis of The Old Man and the Sea

Being distinguished from many greatest American writers, Hemingway is noted as an iron man and his powerful philosophy： “Man can be destroyed, but not defeated”. Among all his works, The Old Man and the Sea is considered to be the masterpiece of Hemingway＇s works and the one that best demonstrates this powerful philosophy. And The Old Man and the Sea is a short novel about an old Cuban fisherman Santiago and his battle with a great marlin. In his masterpiece, Hemingway portrays Santiago with every dominant and strong characteristic, which is the prototype of an iron man. This is one of the basic characteristics of the novel which gives Ernest Hemingway great honor and makes him become one of the authors who define American literature. The Old Man and the Sea is the one that best represents American social life on the period Hemingway lived. In this short novel, a lot of facts are used. Most of the facts come from Hemingway＇s own experience. Reading up the masterpiece, it is evident that the story and the hero are the self-portray of the author himself. With the real life and the literary world perfectly combined, we read Hemingway＇s and we read through Hemingway and his inner world.

Analysis of Symbolism of the Caged Bird in the Novel --Is He Living or Is He Dead？

As one of Mark Twain＇ s most classic short story, ＂ Is He Living or Is He Dead＂ does not reflect the major problems and the serious drawbacks of society fi＇om the surface significance of novel, however, the events described in the novel can actually touch sensitive topic as well as the shortcomings of the era where, pointedly disclose the nature of society at that time. Mark Twain＇s short story tries to use this caged bird imagery to criticize the camouflage events occur and makes irony of this tragic story behind the social problems. Little caged bird in the novel contains profound social implications and is worthy of scrutiny and research.

Differences in Values Between Mother and Daughter in Cord

Edna O＇Brien （1930-）, an Irish novelist, poet, and short story writer, is considered as a pioneer for her frank portrayals of women and the most gifted woman writing in English at her time. Her first novel, The Country Girls （1960）, was an immediate success. Her writing is lyrical and intense with passions and aspirations. Set in Britain, the short story Cord describes a story about how the mother and the daughter got along in the short reunion after a long separation. The paper mainly explores different religious values, cultural values, and social values between them which caused irreconcilable conflicts. The present paper concludes that the ＂Cord＂, the blood tie, can never get rid of the spiritual barrier. Only mutual understanding can eliminate the gap and acquire a harmonious relation between parents and children.