“社会性别主流化”融入思想政治教育的实践探究途径

思想政治教育是我国社会主义意识形态建设的重要内容,社会性别主流化是解决女性在社会生活中不平等、不公正等问题的重要手段,将“社会性别主流化”融入思想政治教育实践是马克思主义妇女理论的重要发展,有助于培养女性正确的性别观念、价值取向和行为方式,对于促进男女两性和谐发展具有重要意义。本文从社会性别主流化的内涵入手,探究“社会性别主流化”融入思想政治教育实践的意义,并提出将“社会性别主流化”融入思想政治教育实践的途径,以期为思想政治教育工作者开展相关工作提供参考。

论用“社会性别理论”分析男性文本女性意识的意义

纵观多年以来关于女性文学及关键词"女性意识"的研究成果,我们不难发现,大多数的研究成果都立足于对女性文本的探讨,其实男性文本中的女性意识,是一道不能错过的风景,值得我们去细细品位。因此运用女性文学批评理论中的"社会性别理论",来分析中国男性文本中的女性意识的意义显得尤为重大。

性别视角下的妇女就业问题

“自然性别”与“社会性别”是理解妇女就业的新视角 。

西方性别理论变迁及其对性别定义的影响——当代性别理论的两极:两性平等与性别建构

现代性别理论以性别平等为基础,在一系列女权运动的基础上,获得了丰硕的理论与实践成果。然而,随着女权运动目标的达成和性解放运动的深入,性别理论的内核发生了重要的转变,从两性平等变迁为性别建构。这次理论变迁并不是一次理论转型,而是一次理论分裂。两性平等论与性别建构论并非是新旧关系,而是竞争关系。它们分别服务着不同的群体,指向不同的目标。可是,学界对这一理论现象并不重视,且没有注意到其背后所特有的西方文化特征。当前,我国正处于引进西方理论并本土化的阶段,在历史和理论层面区分和剖析两性平等论与性别建构论的差异具有重大现实意义的。

“gender”革命与性别建构论的两种形态

所谓"gender"革命,是指20世纪70年代以来西方社会发生的一场以"gender"替代"sex"的语言和文化变革。当"sex"被"gender"替代后,性别与生理之间的关联被理论性地否定了,促进和强化了多元性别论成为一种正当化的社会观念。这是一次具有独特西方特征的文化变迁,不仅不具有一般性,而且值得反思与警惕。

妇女在可持续发展中赋权的动态过程

首先提出在可持续发展中对妇女赋权的重要性。而后分析了社会性别与环境在可持续发展中的相关问题。并讨论了有关妇在可持续发展中一些争论问题。最后讨论了妇女在可持续发展中赋权的重要意义。

The Fragmentation of the Female Selfhood in The Flight From the Enchanter

Iris Murdoch is a renowned female novelist and philosopher in the 20th century English literature. In her literary creation, she has a preference for male narration and holds a reserved attitude to women＇s movements with reluctance to be considered as a feminist writer, which permits her realistic depiction of female characters and dispassionate thought on women＇s problems. This paper, with the interpretation and redefinition of the concepts as consciousness, identity, and self in Murdoch＇s philosophy, analyzes the fragmented self of three female figures in The Flight from the Enchanter （1956） respectively from the perspectives of self-consciousness, identity, and self and reveals that the fragmentation of female selfhood is mainly due to the overwhelming male dominance in the gender relationship.

Vigilance behavior of Pyrenean chamois Rupicapra pyrenaica pyrenaica:Effect of sex and position in the herd

The Pyrenean chamois Rupicapra pyrenaica pyrenaica is a mountain-dwelling ungulate with an extensive presence in open areas. Optimal group size results from the trade off between advantages （a reduction in the risk of predation） and disadvantages （competition between members of the herd） of group living. In addition, advantages and disadvantages of group living may vary depending on the position of each individual within the herd. Our objective was to study the effect of central vs. peripheral position in the herd on feeding and vigilance behavior in male and female Pyrenean chamois and to ascertain if a group size effect existed. We used focal animal sampling and recorded social interactions when a focal animal was involved. With males, vigilance rate was higher in the central part of the group than at the periphery, probably due to a higher density of animals in the central part of the herd and a higher probability of being disturbed by conspecifics. With females, vigilance rate did not differ according to position in the herd. Females spent more time feeding than males, and males showed a higher frequency of the vigilance behavior than females. We did not observe a clear relationship between group size and vigilance behavior. The differences in vigilance behavior might be due to social interactions

Subversive Ambiguity in the Poetry of Delmira Agustini, Alfonsina Storni, and Giovanna Pollarolo

This paper analyzes the poetry of Delmira Agustini, Alfonsina Storni, and Giovanna Pollarolo, three Latin American poets who collectively spanned the arc of the 20th century, in order to demonstrate that they were all acting to subvert certain stereotypical notions propagated by society and by canonical literature. While Agustini used a parodic discourse to deconstruct the sacrality of masculinity, Storni employed parody and excessive calculated use of quotes from canonical male authors to subvert the traditional images and roles assigned to women. Parody, hyperbolic images, and ambiguity will be analyzed here as the major literary means used by these two poets to criticize the deep-rooted, gendered discourse of their times. Pollarolo＇s poetry, as well as that of Stomi, will be analyzed as ＂minor＂ literature, as described in the theories of Deleuze and Guattari

Colonial and Gender Discourses in Modern European Travel Writing About East Asia

This article explains how modern European travelers, particularly European women adventurers, described East Asia. Travel writings that are expected to be truthful are not free from travelers＇ own personal, cultural, social, and political experiences and perceptions. At the turn of the 19th century, Europe was dominated by colonial discourse based on Western-centered textualized or imaginary knowledge of ＂the Orient＇＇1. The imaginary texts affected European travelers. In turn, their travel writings helped substantiate and reinforce the texts. European women travelers, who were in a relatively disadvantageous situation at home, enjoyed going beyond the sexual boundaries imposed on them at home by using their assumed racial superiority in the Orient. However, their marginal position in Western society helped them ponder their own understanding of other peoples and cultures, of themselves, and of their home societies. This article traces not only the surface discourse of travelogues on East Asia, particularly on Korea, but also travel writers＇ inner worlds, focusing on differences between men and women.

Mythoform and the Misovire Consciousness： A Gender Conceptual Renewal Strategy in Werewere Liking＇s It Shall Be of Jasper and Coral

This paper underscores the need for new plausible myths that redefine gender relations in an attempt to revalue female assertion, ethical values, and human development. This creative process presents a different perspective from the views of some feminist theorists who have seen myth as a regressive and oppressive structure. The focus, in this paper, is to illustrate how in her chant-novel It Shah Be of Jasper and Coral Liking appropriates the productive force of myths through the misovire consciousness and ritual structure for her gender politics and for promoting ethical values and the culture of human development. In this regard, she decodes existing negative myths and reconstructs new gender myths that redefine gender relations, celebrate what she calls women＇s ＂cosmic force＂ and through ritual cleansing, reinvents a new language of beauty and a new race of Jasper and Coral. Thus, guided by the tenets of deconstruetion and the gender relations frameworks, this paper defends the thesis that Liking＇s chant-novel through myth invention and revision combines and fuses traditional and modem aesthetics, thematic and structural elements that she uses to deconstruct social and gender relations. The contention is that in negotiating plausible gender relations for men and women in Africa, Liking＇s story and structure incorporate the cleansing, cathartic effect of Bassa ritual performance into the narrative.

Gender, Poverty and Climate Change in Nigeria

The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of climate change on gender and poverty in Nigeria. The paper relies mainly on secondary data generated by private individuals, government and non-government bodies. From these sources, the paper reveals that climate change has resulted in higher temperature increase frequency on extreme weather events in the country, such as storms or record drought resulting in the dislocation of agricultural areas and its consequence food shortage. Women are the hardest hit because they produce food and do not have control over land to make most communities vulnerable to flooding as seen in Lokoja, Bauchi and Kaduna among others in Nigeria. Flooding has increased the frequency of vector-borne diseases such as malaria, dysentery, typhoid, cholera, etc.. Women who clean the mess left behind after the flood are mostly affected. It is also revealed that climate change has resulted in great economic losses, with most of the losses to be in agricultural production, the engine of growth and the mainstay of the economy. Finally, the paper suggests measures such as reduction in deforestation by provision of alternative source of energy and environmental friendly industrial activities will help reduce the rate of discharge of carbon-dioxide into the atmosphere.

The Research of Value of Female Costume in Ethnic Group Construction Based on the Social Gender

The social gender theory is a historical analysis method which is benificial to explore the system of human organization activities around ＂male＂or ＂female＂ activities. Historically, the process of human socialization is also a process of social gender institutionalization. Therefore, the paper tried to analyze the connotation of ethnic women＇s costume from the social gender perspective to help people realize further the women＇s state in sexism society and value in ethnic group constructing and developing. Firstly, the paper sets forth the characteristic of ＂group＂ of ethnic people female costumes. The next, the paper explored the costume how to set up a system of ethic standard in inner group so as to maintain the social order. Subsequently, the paper points out, with the rapid evolution of society, more and more ethnic people men participate cities construction and outer social activities Consequently, most of minority men wear modem clothing instead of their traditional clothing, only women still insist in wearing the traditional clothing. Finally, according to research above, the authors consider that ethnic people female costumes emerge strong gender content which reflects more constraints rather than equality between men and women. Besides, it is certain that women have irreplaceable value in ethinc group construction and development.

农村妇女参与社区林业的能力问题浅析

本文以中荷扶贫项目中“社会性别意识”为主线,论述了农村妇女在社区林业活动中的参与能力,并列举项目区农村妇女如何通过参与社区林业子项目,充分发挥自身的优势,在选择和参与过程中提高参与的能力,分享参与的成果。作者提出了一个重要观点:农村妇女参与社区林业的本身并不存在能力的问题,关键是在社区林业活动中是否强调社会性别意识,是否注重女性的参与。

Disability, Gender and Narratives of Pain： The Caregivers＇ Perspectives

This paper analyzes how caregivers＇ narratives about pain and illness are constructed, and also what narrative identities are formed during the lengthy process of taking care of a woman with cerebral palsy, from the years of 1972 to 2014. Of particular interest is how these voices narrate feelings of struggle in order to cope with their own needs and the needs of a disabled woman. How this situation affected their way of living, their views about life through gender-sex, violent, discriminatory, psycho-social and cultural perspectives （Lamas, 2002）？ This study also draws from Hydrn＇s ideas regarding narratives about illness to identify diverse forms to represent reality by means of creating affective bonds, including aspects such as plot, metaphors and the construction or reconstruction of the Self （1995; 1997）, which can be related to the transformation of the narrative identity （Ricoeur, 1995; 1996） of each caregiver. This study aims to open other scenarios to establish public policies of support for caregivers and for the disabled, and to question the role that government and medical institutional have played in order to benefit the society as a whole.

Arab Women in Israeli Politics： Aspirations for Fundamental Equality or Preservation of Gender Inequality？

This paper focuses on reviewing the factors that operate to reduce gender inequality in political representation among Arab women in Israel. A theoretical debate about the changes in the status of Arab women as they are reflected in political representation patterns is conducted in the context of the political reality in the last decade in Israel and the ＂Arab Spring＂ events. The paper also focuses on clarifying the significance of the changes in political representation patterns as future trends of reducing gender inequality, within the acknowledged social patterns, which do not subvert the gender order in Arab society in Israel or in the frame of fundamental social change.

Feminism in Theistic Humanism： The Question of Gender Discourse in African Philosophy

An inquiry into the ontology of critical gender consciousness in Africa Philosophy is long overdue. Hitherto discourses on gender problems lost focus because of the tendency to leave out the gaps in culture created by colonial experience, modernity＇s assaults and unAfricaness in ontology and essence. It is argued here that the fulcrum for a legitimate feminist doctrine is Theistic Humanism, the philosophy of African philosophy that exposes the epistemological and metaphysical basis of the rightful and ethical place of women in the society without injury, injustice and abuse on womanhood. Theistic Humanism as an ontology and cosmology abhors class struggle among husbands, wives, sons, daughters, etc.. Class struggle between men and women degenerated from the oneness of being ontology and Gender community where husbands and wives were happily married with different complementary social roles for the preservation of society.

Feminism and Gender Identity in Feminist Translation

Bringing the aspect of ＂gender＂ into translation studies, feminism gave fresh impetus to the ＂Cultural Turn＂ for translation studies in 1990s. Feminist translation theory puts forward its viewpoints on the role of gender and approves of translators＇ gender role in the interpretation of the original text. It seems that gender is of no more importance than other factors, such as nationality, class, and ideology of translators. Translation and women have been long associated with each other for they both occupy peripheral positions. The conventional view holding sway is that a translation is considered a secondary work dependent on, and subservient to, the original text, just as women are assigned dependent functions under patriarchal power. Unsatisfied with the notion that translator, translation and women are all relegated to the inferior class, feminist translators do their utmost to cast away the conventional sexism ideas in translation studies and social ideology. The core of feminist translation theory is： ＂identify and critique the tangle of concepts which relegates both women and translation to the bottom of the social and literary ladder＂ （Simon 1996：1）. In order to realize the dream to overthrow patriarchal domination and make themselves visible, feminist translators seek to emphasize their identity and ideological stance in the translation project. Feminist translators are no longer invisible. They have the right to revise, manipulate and occupy the source text. Feminist translation is nothing but the translators＇ creative treason from the perspective of feminism. The thesis first systematically summarizes the present feminist translation theories, followed by a detailed analysis of some gender-related translation issues, especially the relationship between language and gender. After the analysis of some cases from the feminist translators, different translation approaches adopted are explored to show the peculiar characteristics of feminist translation.

Substantial study on the occupation development of gender equality

Men and women participate in many social activities through professional roles.The main content of this study is the occupation development gender equality,which is a recessive change of quantity.Therefore,we cannot concretely measure it to some extent,but through the structure square distance model and employees' feeling about the process,we can reflect its difference.The results of studying the feelings of male and female employees show that the gender equality is a problem,and there is a difference for men and women in career development.

Is Math Still Just a Man＇s World？

Awards are important markers of success in any career, and in academia they can play an important role in hiring, promotion and tenure decisions. This study compares awards data for disciplinary societies in STEM （science, technology, engineering and mathematics） to the proportion of women in each respective field. By establishing availability pool estimates of women who should be eligible for senior scholarly awards, a comparison can be made between the proportion of female award winners and the percentage of women active in the discipline. The CBMS （conference board of mathematical sciences） survey in 2005 reported that women were 9% of all full-time tenured professors in doctoral-level mathematics departments; yet during the last decade, women received only 4.8% of scholarly awards from the AMS （American mathematical society）. Similar disparities exist for scholarly achievement awards from the MAA （mathematical association of America）, the SIAM （society for industrial and applied mathematics） and the ASA （American statistical association）. The under-recognition of women for scholarly contributions cannot be attributed solely to low numbers of women, so further explanation must be sought elsewhere. Curiously, women received more than their expected proportion of awards for service and teaching. Decades of research in the social sciences points to ＂implicit associations＂ or subconscious social stereotypes as the mechanism by which both men and women de-value women＇s intellectual accomplishments and praise their communal contributions, which may explain the gender disparity between scholarly and service awards. Gender disparities in scholarly recognition can hinder the advancement of women and limit their numbers as leaders in STEM fields. AWIS （association for women in science） is working with seven disciplinary societies （including AMS, ASA, MAA and SIAM） to identify patterns of behavior that perpetuate unconscious bias in the awards selection process and to pinpoint ways to mitigate its deleterious effects.