This study aims to investigate the effect that studying abroad may have on pragmatic transfer in requests, refusals, and expressions of gratitude, produced by Japanese learners of English. Twentytwo Japanese college s...This study aims to investigate the effect that studying abroad may have on pragmatic transfer in requests, refusals, and expressions of gratitude, produced by Japanese learners of English. Twentytwo Japanese college students completed a multimedia elicitation task(MET) before and after studying in the US for one semester, together with twenty-two L1 English speakers and twenty L1 Japanese speakers as baseline data. The MET is a computer-based instrument for eliciting oral data.Unlike previous studies on pragmatic transfer, which often lack statistical evidence, this study includes statistical analysis. The analysis revealed that negative pragmatic transfer occurs within a limited range. The identified transfer includes pragmalinguistic transfer, whereby, assuming that their politeness levels are equal, learners directly translate L1 expressions into L2;and sociopragmatic transfer, whereby learners transfer L1 discourse patterns and functions. Resistance to L2 norms and increased fluency can be influencing factors. The results indicated that the effect of study-abroad is limited because most of the negative transfer which was identified before studying abroad remained after studying abroad. Thus, the necessity of explicit pragmatic instruction was proposed.展开更多
Conceptual metaphor has always been the study focus of cognitive linguistics. Conceptual metaphor is ubiquitous, cognitive and systematic. Nathaniel Hawthorne in his representative work The Scarlet Letter makes full u...Conceptual metaphor has always been the study focus of cognitive linguistics. Conceptual metaphor is ubiquitous, cognitive and systematic. Nathaniel Hawthorne in his representative work The Scarlet Letter makes full use of the conceptual metaphor. A detailed description of the heroine Hester Prynne through the conceptual metaphor fully expresses Nathaniel Hawthorne' s feminist thoughts. Through the metaphorical analyses of the name Pearl, the scarlet letter "A", the forest and the scaffold this paper analyzes Hester Prynne' s resistant consciousness. On the basis of this, the positive social significance of the novel is explored.展开更多
Language learning is a complex process for many reasons. First, it is closely related to linguistics. Second, language is social as it occurs within certain social contexts. And finally, it is individual. Personal cha...Language learning is a complex process for many reasons. First, it is closely related to linguistics. Second, language is social as it occurs within certain social contexts. And finally, it is individual. Personal characteristics such as experience, gender and age, attitude and aptitude, motivation, beliefs, self-confidence, and anxiety greatly influence language learning. Among these variables, motivation is considered to be one of the most important factors affecting the success of second or foreign language learning. However, the relationship between motivation and educational achievement is not quite clear. In the current literature, motivation is regarded as socially constructed, therefore as dynamic rather than static. Little research has been conducted on the motivation of Vietnamese students studying English as a compulsory curriculum component rather than as a major from a socio-cultural perspective. Understanding the relationship between student motivation and academic achievement as well as the socio-cultural factors that affect students' motivation will be an important contribution to motivation theory. Therefore, the situation requires longitudinal and in-depth research into student motivation, the factors affecting it during the learning process, and the relationship between student motivation and academic achievement. A mixed method approach has been chosen to meet the needs of the study. It is believed that insights in these areas will help address the issue of motivation at the Police University.展开更多
Game theory is a tool for making decision for all scientists which it can predict the future. So many times, not only in professional life but in private life game theory can help people to make best decision. What ma...Game theory is a tool for making decision for all scientists which it can predict the future. So many times, not only in professional life but in private life game theory can help people to make best decision. What make this article different with other game theory article is that it has written for arts science which they are not so much fluent in maths. The object of this article is to demonstrate the possibilities of game theory as an instrument for study of social science. The approach used to describe elementary games theoretic models as an integral part of social science with a collection of example to understand subject better. This paper addresses to theoreticians and practitioners of social science not particularly versed in game theory, rather than to those who are fluent in its mathematical language and intricacies.展开更多
Language teaching is a combination of teaching syntax, content of language in use, and the social background of that language. As the study of the act in speech, speech acts naturally exist in social and interpersonal...Language teaching is a combination of teaching syntax, content of language in use, and the social background of that language. As the study of the act in speech, speech acts naturally exist in social and interpersonal discourses. Thus it is of vital importance to let language learners to acquire its concept and principles. This paper is a brief introduction to the theories and approaches on speech acts as well as its application for ELT pedagogy. The paper is made up of three parts. In the first part, former investigations and theories on speech acts would be introduced and discussed. The second part is a discussion on communicative competence in English language teaching. In the third part, two sample tasks of implicit pedagogy for speech acts would be introduced. A conclusion of teaching speech acts implicitly is given out in the fourth part.展开更多
Based on some language testing theories, an analysis of an English Mid-term Examination of grade eight students of Jingzhi Middle School is made in this paper. By means of SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sci...Based on some language testing theories, an analysis of an English Mid-term Examination of grade eight students of Jingzhi Middle School is made in this paper. By means of SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) statistical software, the paper makes a whole analysis of the test paper, which covers descriptive statistics, reliability, and validity. The study aims to find some problems of the test paper, teachers' teaching, and students' learning. Thus, based on the results of analysis, this paper aims to improve the quality of test papers and give some advice to language teaching展开更多
As a new field in the Discourse Analysis, Positive Discourse Analysis (PDA) is increasingly arousing more attention of linguistic scholars at home and abroad. However, in the field of the concession addresses, the s...As a new field in the Discourse Analysis, Positive Discourse Analysis (PDA) is increasingly arousing more attention of linguistic scholars at home and abroad. However, in the field of the concession addresses, the studies on this kind of political text are limited. The winners of presidential election always draw much attention from the world and their speeches, for example, presidential inaugural address has been a hot study topic of linguistics. Nevertheless, the losers of presidential election are always neglected by the world and the study on concession address is scarce and rare. Therefore, the meaning of study on the concession speech helps fill the gap of the discourse analysis. This thesis applies the PDA under the framework of appraisal theory to analyze five concession speeches with a combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches. This study aims to complement CDA (Critical Discourse Analysis) to emphasize positive social construction of political discourse.展开更多
Schema Theory, which emphasizes on the effects of existing knowledge on language learning, has been applied into varied areas of language teaching. And BE (business English), on the other hand, is drawn more and mor...Schema Theory, which emphasizes on the effects of existing knowledge on language learning, has been applied into varied areas of language teaching. And BE (business English), on the other hand, is drawn more and more attentions as a specialized usage of language. This paper will probe into the application of Schema Theory into BE teaching through discussing three types of schemata. In order to facilitate learning, BE teachers should help students modify their exiting schemata, such as teaching them the terminology used in BE, and the factual and socio-cultural knowledge of the business, and improve their ability to speak and listen English in business展开更多
From the perspective of sociolinguistics, this paper applies both observation method of covert investigation and oral inter-view to study the hawking language in Guangzhou, including its distribution area, code types,...From the perspective of sociolinguistics, this paper applies both observation method of covert investigation and oral inter-view to study the hawking language in Guangzhou, including its distribution area, code types, content and its relationships with districts and businesses.The survey results show that hawking language reflects the social language stratification condition in Guangzhou.展开更多
Currently, there are a variety of researches on corrective feedback, especially on recasts. Most of researches are experiment-based and depend on the certain context. This paper addresses the question of "Is recast t...Currently, there are a variety of researches on corrective feedback, especially on recasts. Most of researches are experiment-based and depend on the certain context. This paper addresses the question of "Is recast the most effective form of corrective feedback?" by two of Second Language Acquisition (SLA) approaches: cognitive approach and sociolinguistic approach. Empirical research will be used as complement. Theoretically speaking, SLA hypotheses in cognitive approach exist disagreements. Interaction hypothesis favors recast while both input hypothesis and output hypothesis doubt the effectiveness of it. Sociolinguistic approach underscores the significance of appropriate and timely corrective feedback and does not give more credit to certain strategy. Both approaches provide the pedagogical implications and elements to take into account for adopting recasts.展开更多
In the current field of action of the pedagogy of languages, efficient, inclusive and dynamic teaching methods are needed; just this work will present the intercultural method through didactic evidences (pedagogical ...In the current field of action of the pedagogy of languages, efficient, inclusive and dynamic teaching methods are needed; just this work will present the intercultural method through didactic evidences (pedagogical sequences) that have proved their functionality in the teaching rooms of the English in a Spanish-speaking context, as is Mexico. Without forgetting that interculturality is defined according to Cassany (2016) as an ideological current that is that each language of the world is a representative tool at the service of a culture and that said culture in a society is a mental and attitudinal representation to the world where a certain society is based. Then interculturality seeks to develop intercultural skills in the users of languages (Anglo-Hispanic).展开更多
In recent years, the cultural studies began to take a linguistic turn. This paper employed the three-dimensioned model of Fairclough, a critical discourse analysis (CDA) approach to explore youth subcultures. The cu...In recent years, the cultural studies began to take a linguistic turn. This paper employed the three-dimensioned model of Fairclough, a critical discourse analysis (CDA) approach to explore youth subcultures. The cultural discourse of youth in different periods was examined in terms of discursive strategies, discursive practices, and social practices. The analysis shows that the subcultural groups adopt various discursive strategies to resist mainstream ideologies and construct the subcultural ideology and their collective identity. Meanwhile, their discursive practices build effective interaction mode within the subcultural groups. The examples of subcultures reveal that subcultures often emerge in the time of the social and cultural change and reshape the mainstream ideologies and unreasonable social structure.展开更多
Culture plays a very important role in language teaching. A deep study of the relationship between language and culture is not only necessary but also urgent in language teaching and learning. The paper briefly points...Culture plays a very important role in language teaching. A deep study of the relationship between language and culture is not only necessary but also urgent in language teaching and learning. The paper briefly points out that in order to make teaching more effective, teachers should not only teach the language itself, but also teach the culture in the language while teaching the foreign language. It analyzes the differences of language customs reflecting in different cultures among different languages (between European languages such as English, Russian and Asian languages such as Kazakh, Chinese). The analysis of diversity of different social cultures and different language customs of commtmication shows that the culture has a great influence upon the language. It includes the next components: (1) diversity of different geographies, natural environment, and customs, (2) differences of the history, religion, and belief, and (3) diversity of different thoughts of understanding objectivities. Further suggestions concerning how to use culture factors in the teaching procedure are also introduced in detail, such as: (1) the teacher's role; (2) the way of explanation, (3) the way of contrast; and (4) the way of practice. In order to conduct foreign language teaching well, teachers must take up the teaching of culture and the teaching of language at the same time. As long as the emphasis is laid both linguistic skills and communicative competence, the goals of language teaching will be achieved satisfactorily.展开更多
According to sociolinguistic research of speech events, the choice of linguistic forms is determined by the formality of the context and the relationship between interlocutors in a speech event. In this respect, addre...According to sociolinguistic research of speech events, the choice of linguistic forms is determined by the formality of the context and the relationship between interlocutors in a speech event. In this respect, address forms are socially driven phenomena which make the fundamental point in sociolinguistics clearly. The attempt of this study will be made to discuss the impact of the cultures, especially people in America and China. Mainly, the paper is pertinent to ask some questions: (1) whether there are any different pronouns of address used in different cultures, (2) the discrepancy of forms of address used in America and China and how interlocutors used them respectively and (3) are there any semantic systems presented in both two cultures based upon interlocutors' social position and cultural background.展开更多
Translation has been the subject of a variety of research and conflicts among theorists. This fact that gives Thomas Samuel Kuhn's paradigm theory is pertinent to the present study. Kuhn is an American philosopher of...Translation has been the subject of a variety of research and conflicts among theorists. This fact that gives Thomas Samuel Kuhn's paradigm theory is pertinent to the present study. Kuhn is an American philosopher of Science. In his book The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, he proposes his paradigm theory which plays a great role in the development of sociology and philosophy of Science. According to Kuhn (1970), paradigm originates from one or some famous people's achievements, and for these achievements to be considered as paradigms, two major characteristics must be met as will be clarified in this paper. This study is an attempt to outline the scope of the disciplines of Translation Studies (TS), to give some indication of the kind of work that has been done so far. It is an attempt to demonstrate that TS is a discipline in its own right. It is a vastly complex field with many far-reaching ramifications. This study discusses the relationships between the changing definitions of translation and the turns of translation studies.展开更多
The paper is intended to study the cultural untranslatability in Chinese-English literary translation and its compensation with a view to find some practical strategies in translation when untranslatabiltiy occurs. Ba...The paper is intended to study the cultural untranslatability in Chinese-English literary translation and its compensation with a view to find some practical strategies in translation when untranslatabiltiy occurs. Based on Eugene A. Nida’s classification of language culture, the author analyzes causes of cultural untranslatability in terms of ecological culture, material culture, social culture, religious culture, and linguistic culture through specific examples. As the cultural untranslatability is conditioned, variable, and dynamic, some translation strategies are proposed for tranferring untranslatability to translatability.展开更多
Following the author's own experiencing in supervising Ph.D. theses in literature, languages, linguistics, and teacher education, the author will focus on new trends of advanced research projects that have been contr...Following the author's own experiencing in supervising Ph.D. theses in literature, languages, linguistics, and teacher education, the author will focus on new trends of advanced research projects that have been contributing to reinforce the importance of research in these areas in a time of crisis in the humanities. The organization and funding of science and scholarship in Europe has been promoting anything else but social sciences research, including educational areas. The author will follow the recent call from the Board of Trustees da Academia Europaea to redirect policies toward the organization of multidisciplinary research projects. Among these so-called "small subjects", we will find original, inspired, and valuable research projects in the humanities, It is worth mentioning that the crisis that has been diminishing this type of scholarship strangely cohabits with several policies promoted by the European Commission and the Council of Europe to develop programs for plurilingual education and linguistic diversity, new framework strategies for multilingualism, and the use of new technologies for language teaching and learning. A strong emphasis on research projects leading to interdisciplinary studies involving literature and pure sciences, plus the development of outreach research projects will be proposed.展开更多
This paper looks at the language use and the language situation of Hong Kong and their relationship with the identity issue or identity crisis (as reported in some of the media, such as The Guardian, March 2012). T...This paper looks at the language use and the language situation of Hong Kong and their relationship with the identity issue or identity crisis (as reported in some of the media, such as The Guardian, March 2012). The "bi-literacy and tri-lingualism language policy" of Hong Kong is discussed. The use of the three language varieties, namely Cantonese, English and Mandarin are discussed in relation to Hong Kong people's proclaimed cultural identity. The emergence of mixed code (juxtaposing English into Cantonese utterances) also marks the link between language and proclaimed cultural identity. With the several social issues happened in Hong Kong 2010-2012, Hong Kong citizens' sense of belonging with an ethnic Hong Kong identity reached the highest according to the Public Opinion Program launched by one of the universities in Hong Kong. Language use in one of the recent television drama series magnifies the issue of "Hongkongness" which is closely linked to the use of Cantonese and mixed code.展开更多
As an important communicative language, English has become an important part of college education in the process of the growing education reform, therefore, the college English linguistics course teaching mode reform ...As an important communicative language, English has become an important part of college education in the process of the growing education reform, therefore, the college English linguistics course teaching mode reform is the inevitable trend of social development to a certain extent, it has the important influence on promoting the student' s ability improvement. This paper analyzes the main problems of the college English linguistics course teaching, conducts a comprehensive analysis of the reform ideas for the college English linguistics course teaching mode and puts forward the mode of the college English linguistics course teaching reform strategy to really improve the level of college English linguistics course teaching.展开更多
文摘This study aims to investigate the effect that studying abroad may have on pragmatic transfer in requests, refusals, and expressions of gratitude, produced by Japanese learners of English. Twentytwo Japanese college students completed a multimedia elicitation task(MET) before and after studying in the US for one semester, together with twenty-two L1 English speakers and twenty L1 Japanese speakers as baseline data. The MET is a computer-based instrument for eliciting oral data.Unlike previous studies on pragmatic transfer, which often lack statistical evidence, this study includes statistical analysis. The analysis revealed that negative pragmatic transfer occurs within a limited range. The identified transfer includes pragmalinguistic transfer, whereby, assuming that their politeness levels are equal, learners directly translate L1 expressions into L2;and sociopragmatic transfer, whereby learners transfer L1 discourse patterns and functions. Resistance to L2 norms and increased fluency can be influencing factors. The results indicated that the effect of study-abroad is limited because most of the negative transfer which was identified before studying abroad remained after studying abroad. Thus, the necessity of explicit pragmatic instruction was proposed.
文摘Conceptual metaphor has always been the study focus of cognitive linguistics. Conceptual metaphor is ubiquitous, cognitive and systematic. Nathaniel Hawthorne in his representative work The Scarlet Letter makes full use of the conceptual metaphor. A detailed description of the heroine Hester Prynne through the conceptual metaphor fully expresses Nathaniel Hawthorne' s feminist thoughts. Through the metaphorical analyses of the name Pearl, the scarlet letter "A", the forest and the scaffold this paper analyzes Hester Prynne' s resistant consciousness. On the basis of this, the positive social significance of the novel is explored.
文摘Language learning is a complex process for many reasons. First, it is closely related to linguistics. Second, language is social as it occurs within certain social contexts. And finally, it is individual. Personal characteristics such as experience, gender and age, attitude and aptitude, motivation, beliefs, self-confidence, and anxiety greatly influence language learning. Among these variables, motivation is considered to be one of the most important factors affecting the success of second or foreign language learning. However, the relationship between motivation and educational achievement is not quite clear. In the current literature, motivation is regarded as socially constructed, therefore as dynamic rather than static. Little research has been conducted on the motivation of Vietnamese students studying English as a compulsory curriculum component rather than as a major from a socio-cultural perspective. Understanding the relationship between student motivation and academic achievement as well as the socio-cultural factors that affect students' motivation will be an important contribution to motivation theory. Therefore, the situation requires longitudinal and in-depth research into student motivation, the factors affecting it during the learning process, and the relationship between student motivation and academic achievement. A mixed method approach has been chosen to meet the needs of the study. It is believed that insights in these areas will help address the issue of motivation at the Police University.
文摘Game theory is a tool for making decision for all scientists which it can predict the future. So many times, not only in professional life but in private life game theory can help people to make best decision. What make this article different with other game theory article is that it has written for arts science which they are not so much fluent in maths. The object of this article is to demonstrate the possibilities of game theory as an instrument for study of social science. The approach used to describe elementary games theoretic models as an integral part of social science with a collection of example to understand subject better. This paper addresses to theoreticians and practitioners of social science not particularly versed in game theory, rather than to those who are fluent in its mathematical language and intricacies.
文摘Language teaching is a combination of teaching syntax, content of language in use, and the social background of that language. As the study of the act in speech, speech acts naturally exist in social and interpersonal discourses. Thus it is of vital importance to let language learners to acquire its concept and principles. This paper is a brief introduction to the theories and approaches on speech acts as well as its application for ELT pedagogy. The paper is made up of three parts. In the first part, former investigations and theories on speech acts would be introduced and discussed. The second part is a discussion on communicative competence in English language teaching. In the third part, two sample tasks of implicit pedagogy for speech acts would be introduced. A conclusion of teaching speech acts implicitly is given out in the fourth part.
文摘Based on some language testing theories, an analysis of an English Mid-term Examination of grade eight students of Jingzhi Middle School is made in this paper. By means of SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) statistical software, the paper makes a whole analysis of the test paper, which covers descriptive statistics, reliability, and validity. The study aims to find some problems of the test paper, teachers' teaching, and students' learning. Thus, based on the results of analysis, this paper aims to improve the quality of test papers and give some advice to language teaching
文摘As a new field in the Discourse Analysis, Positive Discourse Analysis (PDA) is increasingly arousing more attention of linguistic scholars at home and abroad. However, in the field of the concession addresses, the studies on this kind of political text are limited. The winners of presidential election always draw much attention from the world and their speeches, for example, presidential inaugural address has been a hot study topic of linguistics. Nevertheless, the losers of presidential election are always neglected by the world and the study on concession address is scarce and rare. Therefore, the meaning of study on the concession speech helps fill the gap of the discourse analysis. This thesis applies the PDA under the framework of appraisal theory to analyze five concession speeches with a combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches. This study aims to complement CDA (Critical Discourse Analysis) to emphasize positive social construction of political discourse.
文摘Schema Theory, which emphasizes on the effects of existing knowledge on language learning, has been applied into varied areas of language teaching. And BE (business English), on the other hand, is drawn more and more attentions as a specialized usage of language. This paper will probe into the application of Schema Theory into BE teaching through discussing three types of schemata. In order to facilitate learning, BE teachers should help students modify their exiting schemata, such as teaching them the terminology used in BE, and the factual and socio-cultural knowledge of the business, and improve their ability to speak and listen English in business
文摘From the perspective of sociolinguistics, this paper applies both observation method of covert investigation and oral inter-view to study the hawking language in Guangzhou, including its distribution area, code types, content and its relationships with districts and businesses.The survey results show that hawking language reflects the social language stratification condition in Guangzhou.
文摘Currently, there are a variety of researches on corrective feedback, especially on recasts. Most of researches are experiment-based and depend on the certain context. This paper addresses the question of "Is recast the most effective form of corrective feedback?" by two of Second Language Acquisition (SLA) approaches: cognitive approach and sociolinguistic approach. Empirical research will be used as complement. Theoretically speaking, SLA hypotheses in cognitive approach exist disagreements. Interaction hypothesis favors recast while both input hypothesis and output hypothesis doubt the effectiveness of it. Sociolinguistic approach underscores the significance of appropriate and timely corrective feedback and does not give more credit to certain strategy. Both approaches provide the pedagogical implications and elements to take into account for adopting recasts.
文摘In the current field of action of the pedagogy of languages, efficient, inclusive and dynamic teaching methods are needed; just this work will present the intercultural method through didactic evidences (pedagogical sequences) that have proved their functionality in the teaching rooms of the English in a Spanish-speaking context, as is Mexico. Without forgetting that interculturality is defined according to Cassany (2016) as an ideological current that is that each language of the world is a representative tool at the service of a culture and that said culture in a society is a mental and attitudinal representation to the world where a certain society is based. Then interculturality seeks to develop intercultural skills in the users of languages (Anglo-Hispanic).
文摘In recent years, the cultural studies began to take a linguistic turn. This paper employed the three-dimensioned model of Fairclough, a critical discourse analysis (CDA) approach to explore youth subcultures. The cultural discourse of youth in different periods was examined in terms of discursive strategies, discursive practices, and social practices. The analysis shows that the subcultural groups adopt various discursive strategies to resist mainstream ideologies and construct the subcultural ideology and their collective identity. Meanwhile, their discursive practices build effective interaction mode within the subcultural groups. The examples of subcultures reveal that subcultures often emerge in the time of the social and cultural change and reshape the mainstream ideologies and unreasonable social structure.
文摘Culture plays a very important role in language teaching. A deep study of the relationship between language and culture is not only necessary but also urgent in language teaching and learning. The paper briefly points out that in order to make teaching more effective, teachers should not only teach the language itself, but also teach the culture in the language while teaching the foreign language. It analyzes the differences of language customs reflecting in different cultures among different languages (between European languages such as English, Russian and Asian languages such as Kazakh, Chinese). The analysis of diversity of different social cultures and different language customs of commtmication shows that the culture has a great influence upon the language. It includes the next components: (1) diversity of different geographies, natural environment, and customs, (2) differences of the history, religion, and belief, and (3) diversity of different thoughts of understanding objectivities. Further suggestions concerning how to use culture factors in the teaching procedure are also introduced in detail, such as: (1) the teacher's role; (2) the way of explanation, (3) the way of contrast; and (4) the way of practice. In order to conduct foreign language teaching well, teachers must take up the teaching of culture and the teaching of language at the same time. As long as the emphasis is laid both linguistic skills and communicative competence, the goals of language teaching will be achieved satisfactorily.
文摘According to sociolinguistic research of speech events, the choice of linguistic forms is determined by the formality of the context and the relationship between interlocutors in a speech event. In this respect, address forms are socially driven phenomena which make the fundamental point in sociolinguistics clearly. The attempt of this study will be made to discuss the impact of the cultures, especially people in America and China. Mainly, the paper is pertinent to ask some questions: (1) whether there are any different pronouns of address used in different cultures, (2) the discrepancy of forms of address used in America and China and how interlocutors used them respectively and (3) are there any semantic systems presented in both two cultures based upon interlocutors' social position and cultural background.
文摘Translation has been the subject of a variety of research and conflicts among theorists. This fact that gives Thomas Samuel Kuhn's paradigm theory is pertinent to the present study. Kuhn is an American philosopher of Science. In his book The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, he proposes his paradigm theory which plays a great role in the development of sociology and philosophy of Science. According to Kuhn (1970), paradigm originates from one or some famous people's achievements, and for these achievements to be considered as paradigms, two major characteristics must be met as will be clarified in this paper. This study is an attempt to outline the scope of the disciplines of Translation Studies (TS), to give some indication of the kind of work that has been done so far. It is an attempt to demonstrate that TS is a discipline in its own right. It is a vastly complex field with many far-reaching ramifications. This study discusses the relationships between the changing definitions of translation and the turns of translation studies.
文摘The paper is intended to study the cultural untranslatability in Chinese-English literary translation and its compensation with a view to find some practical strategies in translation when untranslatabiltiy occurs. Based on Eugene A. Nida’s classification of language culture, the author analyzes causes of cultural untranslatability in terms of ecological culture, material culture, social culture, religious culture, and linguistic culture through specific examples. As the cultural untranslatability is conditioned, variable, and dynamic, some translation strategies are proposed for tranferring untranslatability to translatability.
文摘Following the author's own experiencing in supervising Ph.D. theses in literature, languages, linguistics, and teacher education, the author will focus on new trends of advanced research projects that have been contributing to reinforce the importance of research in these areas in a time of crisis in the humanities. The organization and funding of science and scholarship in Europe has been promoting anything else but social sciences research, including educational areas. The author will follow the recent call from the Board of Trustees da Academia Europaea to redirect policies toward the organization of multidisciplinary research projects. Among these so-called "small subjects", we will find original, inspired, and valuable research projects in the humanities, It is worth mentioning that the crisis that has been diminishing this type of scholarship strangely cohabits with several policies promoted by the European Commission and the Council of Europe to develop programs for plurilingual education and linguistic diversity, new framework strategies for multilingualism, and the use of new technologies for language teaching and learning. A strong emphasis on research projects leading to interdisciplinary studies involving literature and pure sciences, plus the development of outreach research projects will be proposed.
文摘This paper looks at the language use and the language situation of Hong Kong and their relationship with the identity issue or identity crisis (as reported in some of the media, such as The Guardian, March 2012). The "bi-literacy and tri-lingualism language policy" of Hong Kong is discussed. The use of the three language varieties, namely Cantonese, English and Mandarin are discussed in relation to Hong Kong people's proclaimed cultural identity. The emergence of mixed code (juxtaposing English into Cantonese utterances) also marks the link between language and proclaimed cultural identity. With the several social issues happened in Hong Kong 2010-2012, Hong Kong citizens' sense of belonging with an ethnic Hong Kong identity reached the highest according to the Public Opinion Program launched by one of the universities in Hong Kong. Language use in one of the recent television drama series magnifies the issue of "Hongkongness" which is closely linked to the use of Cantonese and mixed code.
文摘As an important communicative language, English has become an important part of college education in the process of the growing education reform, therefore, the college English linguistics course teaching mode reform is the inevitable trend of social development to a certain extent, it has the important influence on promoting the student' s ability improvement. This paper analyzes the main problems of the college English linguistics course teaching, conducts a comprehensive analysis of the reform ideas for the college English linguistics course teaching mode and puts forward the mode of the college English linguistics course teaching reform strategy to really improve the level of college English linguistics course teaching.