Optical-neural stimulation,which encompasses cutting-edge techniques such as optogenetics and infrared neurostimulation,employs distinct mechanisms to modulate brain function and behavior.These advanced neuromodulatio...Optical-neural stimulation,which encompasses cutting-edge techniques such as optogenetics and infrared neurostimulation,employs distinct mechanisms to modulate brain function and behavior.These advanced neuromodulation techniques offer accurate manipulation of targeted areas,even selectively modulating specific neurons,in the brain.This makes it possible to investigate the cause-and-effect connections between neural activity and behavior,allowing for a better comprehension of the intricate brain dynamics towards complex environments.Non-human primates serve as an essential animal model for investigating these complex functions in brain research,bridging the gap between the basic research and clinical applications.One of the earliest optical studies utilizing optogenetic neuromodulation in monkeys was conducted in 2009.Since then,the optical-neural stimulations have been effectively applied in non-human primates.This review summarises recent research that employed optogenetics or infrared neurostimulation techniques to regulate brain function and behavior in non-human primates.The current state of optical-neural stimulations discussed here demonstrates their efficacy in advancing the understanding of brain systems.Nevertheless,there are still challenges that need to be addressed before they can fully achieve their potential.展开更多
This paper presents a new designed miniature six DOF （degree of freedom） force/torque sensor. This sensor is fully integrated with a micro DSP （digital signal processor）, so all the signal conditioning, A/D, decou...This paper presents a new designed miniature six DOF （degree of freedom） force/torque sensor. This sensor is fully integrated with a micro DSP （digital signal processor）, so all the signal conditioning, A/D, decoupling, digital-signals serial output are performed in the sensor. Some experimental results are presented to demonstrate the capability of the proposed design. Finally, a neural network was used for decoupling the interacting signals, compared with the conventional method using the inverse matrix, this new method is more accurate.展开更多
The terms ＂soul,＂ ＂spirit,＂ ＂breath,＂ and ＂life＂ occur several times each in the Book of Job. A proper understanding of these terms in Scripture, especially ＂soul＂ and ＂spirit＂ is integral to understanding...The terms ＂soul,＂ ＂spirit,＂ ＂breath,＂ and ＂life＂ occur several times each in the Book of Job. A proper understanding of these terms in Scripture, especially ＂soul＂ and ＂spirit＂ is integral to understanding the state of the dead, among others. These terms are used in diverse contexts with interchangeable nuances in the Book of Job. A living （＂life＂） person （＂soul＂） consists of the body/flesh plus the life principle （＂spirit＂） of which ＂breath＂ is a concrete expression. In poetic contexts, the terminologies denote the physical （＂soul＂/＂life＂）, appetitive （＂soul＂/＂life＂）, psychical （＂spirit＂/＂breath＂）, and emotional （＂soul＂/＂spirit＂） characteristics of the human being. While ＂soul＂ and ＂life＂ tend towards physieality and therefore can be used synonymously for the whole person, ＂spirit＂ and ＂breath＂ tend towards non-physicality and express such phenomena as intellection and wind. A study of these terminologies in other poetic texts in the Hebrew Bible may evince similar semantic configurations as found in the Book of Job.展开更多
Since most of the available component-based software reliability models consume high computational cost and suffer from the evaluating complexity for the software system with complex structures,a component-based back-...Since most of the available component-based software reliability models consume high computational cost and suffer from the evaluating complexity for the software system with complex structures,a component-based back-propagation reliability model(CBPRM)with low complexity for the complex software system reliability evaluation is presented in this paper.The proposed model is based on the artificial neural networks and the component reliability sensitivity analyses.These analyses are performed dynamically and assigned to the neurons to optimize the reliability evaluation.CBPRM has a linear increasing complexity and outperforms the state-based and the path-based reliability models.Another advantage of CBPRM over others is its robustness.CBPRM depends on the component reliabilities and the correlative sensitivities,which are independent from the software system structure.Based on the theory analysis and experiment results,it shows that the complexity of CBPRM is evidently lower than the contrast models and the reliability evaluating accuracy is acceptable when the software system structure is complex.展开更多
One of the most serious conundrum facing the stope production in underground metalliferous mining is uneven break （UB： unplanned dilution and ore-loss）. Although the UB has a huge economic fallout to the entire min...One of the most serious conundrum facing the stope production in underground metalliferous mining is uneven break （UB： unplanned dilution and ore-loss）. Although the UB has a huge economic fallout to the entire mining process, it is practically unavoidable due to the complex causing mechanism. In this study, the contribution of ten major UB causative parameters ha,; been scrutinised based on a published UB predicting artificial neuron network （ANN） model to put UB under the engineering management. Two typical ANN sensitivity analysis methods, i.e., connection weight algorithm （CWA） and profile method （PM） have been applied. As a result of CWA and PM applications, adjusted Qrate （AQ） revealed as the most influential parameter to UB with contribution of 22,40% in CWA and 20,48% in PM respectively. The findings of this study can be used as an important reference in stope design, production, and reconciliation stages on underground stoping mine.展开更多
Objective To observe the clinical effect of fire needle combined with Linggui Bafa for post-herpetic neuralgia （PHN）. Methods One hundred and twenty patients were randomly divided into an observation group and a con...Objective To observe the clinical effect of fire needle combined with Linggui Bafa for post-herpetic neuralgia （PHN）. Methods One hundred and twenty patients were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group with 60 cases each. For observation group, fire needle was applied to prick Zusanli （足三里 ST 36）, Yanglingquan （阳陵泉 GB 34）, Taichong （太冲 LR 3）, Sanyinjiao （三阴交 SP 6） and partial Ashi points around the lesion, and Linggui Bafa was combined to perform acupuncture therapy, once every other day, 10 times as a course of treatment; for the control group, only fire needle was applied. After 2 courses of treatment, the comparison of the value of visual analogue scale （VAS） and the total effective rate for the two groups were carried out. Results The VAS value of the observation group after treatment was obviously lower than that before treatment （2.28±2.08 vs 6.12±1.96） and that of the control group （2.28±2.08 vs 3.62±2.90）, there were significant differences （all P〈0.01）. The total effective rate of the observation group was obviously higher than that of the control group [93.3% （56/60） vs 76.7% （46/60）], the difference between the two groups was statistically significant （P〈0.05）. Conclusion The effect of fire needle combined with Linggui Ba.fa for PHN is obviously superior to that of single fire needle therapy.展开更多
Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effect and safety of time-oriented points opening of Linggui Bafa for Bell＇s palsy and provide a new idea for the clinical treatment of this problem. Methods Fifty-four cases inc...Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effect and safety of time-oriented points opening of Linggui Bafa for Bell＇s palsy and provide a new idea for the clinical treatment of this problem. Methods Fifty-four cases included in the study were randomized into two groups, and the treatment group was treated with the routine acupuncture combined with time-oriented points opening of Linggui Bafa. The control group was treated with the routine acupuncture only, Hegu （合谷 El 4）, Kunlun （昆仑 BL 60）, Jiache （颊车 ST 6）, Dicang （地仓 ST 4）, Xiaguan （下关 ST 7）, Cuanzhu （攒竹 BL 2）, Yangbai （附白 GB 14）, and Quanliao （颧髎 SI 18） were selected as the main points. The manipulation and time of retaining needles were as same as the treatment group. Both groups were treated once a day, 5 days made one session and 4 sessions were required in all. Modified Portmann＇s scale, Horse-Brackmann grading scale （H-B）, FDIP and FDIS were used to assess the therapeutic effect after the treatment. Results The curative and improvement rate in the treatment group was 80.8% （22/26）, and that in the control group was 66.7% （16/24）, with the statistically significant difference （P〈O.05）, the comparison of scores of Portmann＇s scale, H-B, FDIP and FDIS in the same group and between the two groups before and after the treatment also had statistically significant differences （all P〈0.05）. Conclusion The method of time-oriented points opening of Linggui Bafa for Bell＇s palsy is better than the routine acupuncture for Bell＇s palsy.展开更多
In recent years,deep learning methods have gradually come to be used in hyperspectral imaging domains.Because of the peculiarity of hyperspectral imaging,a mass of information is contained in the spectral dimensions o...In recent years,deep learning methods have gradually come to be used in hyperspectral imaging domains.Because of the peculiarity of hyperspectral imaging,a mass of information is contained in the spectral dimensions of hyperspectral images.Also,different ob jects on a land surface are sensitive to different ranges of wavelength.To achieve higher accuracy in classification,we propose a structure that combines spectral sensitivity with a convolutional neural network by adding spectral weights derived from predicted outcomes before the final classification layer.First,samples are divided into visible light and infrared,with a portion of the samples fed into networks during training.Then,two key parameters,unrecognized rate(δ)and wrongly recognized rate(γ),are calculated from the predicted outcome of the whole scene.Next,the spectral weight,derived from these two parameters,is calculated.Finally,the spectral weight is added and an improved structure is constructed.The improved structure not only combines the features in spatial and spectral dimensions,but also gives spectral sensitivity a primary status.Compared with inputs from the whole spectrum,the improved structure attains a nearly 2%higher prediction accuracy.When applied to public data sets,compared with the whole spectrum,on the average we achieve approximately 1%higher accuracy.展开更多
文摘Optical-neural stimulation,which encompasses cutting-edge techniques such as optogenetics and infrared neurostimulation,employs distinct mechanisms to modulate brain function and behavior.These advanced neuromodulation techniques offer accurate manipulation of targeted areas,even selectively modulating specific neurons,in the brain.This makes it possible to investigate the cause-and-effect connections between neural activity and behavior,allowing for a better comprehension of the intricate brain dynamics towards complex environments.Non-human primates serve as an essential animal model for investigating these complex functions in brain research,bridging the gap between the basic research and clinical applications.One of the earliest optical studies utilizing optogenetic neuromodulation in monkeys was conducted in 2009.Since then,the optical-neural stimulations have been effectively applied in non-human primates.This review summarises recent research that employed optogenetics or infrared neurostimulation techniques to regulate brain function and behavior in non-human primates.The current state of optical-neural stimulations discussed here demonstrates their efficacy in advancing the understanding of brain systems.Nevertheless,there are still challenges that need to be addressed before they can fully achieve their potential.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （ No. 60275032 ） and the Supported bv the High Technology Research and Development Programme of China （ No. 2003AA404220）.
文摘This paper presents a new designed miniature six DOF （degree of freedom） force/torque sensor. This sensor is fully integrated with a micro DSP （digital signal processor）, so all the signal conditioning, A/D, decoupling, digital-signals serial output are performed in the sensor. Some experimental results are presented to demonstrate the capability of the proposed design. Finally, a neural network was used for decoupling the interacting signals, compared with the conventional method using the inverse matrix, this new method is more accurate.
文摘The terms ＂soul,＂ ＂spirit,＂ ＂breath,＂ and ＂life＂ occur several times each in the Book of Job. A proper understanding of these terms in Scripture, especially ＂soul＂ and ＂spirit＂ is integral to understanding the state of the dead, among others. These terms are used in diverse contexts with interchangeable nuances in the Book of Job. A living （＂life＂） person （＂soul＂） consists of the body/flesh plus the life principle （＂spirit＂） of which ＂breath＂ is a concrete expression. In poetic contexts, the terminologies denote the physical （＂soul＂/＂life＂）, appetitive （＂soul＂/＂life＂）, psychical （＂spirit＂/＂breath＂）, and emotional （＂soul＂/＂spirit＂） characteristics of the human being. While ＂soul＂ and ＂life＂ tend towards physieality and therefore can be used synonymously for the whole person, ＂spirit＂ and ＂breath＂ tend towards non-physicality and express such phenomena as intellection and wind. A study of these terminologies in other poetic texts in the Hebrew Bible may evince similar semantic configurations as found in the Book of Job.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.60973118,60873075)
文摘Since most of the available component-based software reliability models consume high computational cost and suffer from the evaluating complexity for the software system with complex structures,a component-based back-propagation reliability model(CBPRM)with low complexity for the complex software system reliability evaluation is presented in this paper.The proposed model is based on the artificial neural networks and the component reliability sensitivity analyses.These analyses are performed dynamically and assigned to the neurons to optimize the reliability evaluation.CBPRM has a linear increasing complexity and outperforms the state-based and the path-based reliability models.Another advantage of CBPRM over others is its robustness.CBPRM depends on the component reliabilities and the correlative sensitivities,which are independent from the software system structure.Based on the theory analysis and experiment results,it shows that the complexity of CBPRM is evidently lower than the contrast models and the reliability evaluating accuracy is acceptable when the software system structure is complex.
文摘One of the most serious conundrum facing the stope production in underground metalliferous mining is uneven break （UB： unplanned dilution and ore-loss）. Although the UB has a huge economic fallout to the entire mining process, it is practically unavoidable due to the complex causing mechanism. In this study, the contribution of ten major UB causative parameters ha,; been scrutinised based on a published UB predicting artificial neuron network （ANN） model to put UB under the engineering management. Two typical ANN sensitivity analysis methods, i.e., connection weight algorithm （CWA） and profile method （PM） have been applied. As a result of CWA and PM applications, adjusted Qrate （AQ） revealed as the most influential parameter to UB with contribution of 22,40% in CWA and 20,48% in PM respectively. The findings of this study can be used as an important reference in stope design, production, and reconciliation stages on underground stoping mine.
文摘Objective To observe the clinical effect of fire needle combined with Linggui Bafa for post-herpetic neuralgia （PHN）. Methods One hundred and twenty patients were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group with 60 cases each. For observation group, fire needle was applied to prick Zusanli （足三里 ST 36）, Yanglingquan （阳陵泉 GB 34）, Taichong （太冲 LR 3）, Sanyinjiao （三阴交 SP 6） and partial Ashi points around the lesion, and Linggui Bafa was combined to perform acupuncture therapy, once every other day, 10 times as a course of treatment; for the control group, only fire needle was applied. After 2 courses of treatment, the comparison of the value of visual analogue scale （VAS） and the total effective rate for the two groups were carried out. Results The VAS value of the observation group after treatment was obviously lower than that before treatment （2.28±2.08 vs 6.12±1.96） and that of the control group （2.28±2.08 vs 3.62±2.90）, there were significant differences （all P〈0.01）. The total effective rate of the observation group was obviously higher than that of the control group [93.3% （56/60） vs 76.7% （46/60）], the difference between the two groups was statistically significant （P〈0.05）. Conclusion The effect of fire needle combined with Linggui Ba.fa for PHN is obviously superior to that of single fire needle therapy.
文摘Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effect and safety of time-oriented points opening of Linggui Bafa for Bell＇s palsy and provide a new idea for the clinical treatment of this problem. Methods Fifty-four cases included in the study were randomized into two groups, and the treatment group was treated with the routine acupuncture combined with time-oriented points opening of Linggui Bafa. The control group was treated with the routine acupuncture only, Hegu （合谷 El 4）, Kunlun （昆仑 BL 60）, Jiache （颊车 ST 6）, Dicang （地仓 ST 4）, Xiaguan （下关 ST 7）, Cuanzhu （攒竹 BL 2）, Yangbai （附白 GB 14）, and Quanliao （颧髎 SI 18） were selected as the main points. The manipulation and time of retaining needles were as same as the treatment group. Both groups were treated once a day, 5 days made one session and 4 sessions were required in all. Modified Portmann＇s scale, Horse-Brackmann grading scale （H-B）, FDIP and FDIS were used to assess the therapeutic effect after the treatment. Results The curative and improvement rate in the treatment group was 80.8% （22/26）, and that in the control group was 66.7% （16/24）, with the statistically significant difference （P〈O.05）, the comparison of scores of Portmann＇s scale, H-B, FDIP and FDIS in the same group and between the two groups before and after the treatment also had statistically significant differences （all P〈0.05）. Conclusion The method of time-oriented points opening of Linggui Bafa for Bell＇s palsy is better than the routine acupuncture for Bell＇s palsy.
基金Project supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDA23090203)the National Key Technologies Research and Development Program of China(No.2016YFB0502600)the Key Program of Sichuan Bureau of Science and Technology(No.2018SZ0350),China。
文摘In recent years,deep learning methods have gradually come to be used in hyperspectral imaging domains.Because of the peculiarity of hyperspectral imaging,a mass of information is contained in the spectral dimensions of hyperspectral images.Also,different ob jects on a land surface are sensitive to different ranges of wavelength.To achieve higher accuracy in classification,we propose a structure that combines spectral sensitivity with a convolutional neural network by adding spectral weights derived from predicted outcomes before the final classification layer.First,samples are divided into visible light and infrared,with a portion of the samples fed into networks during training.Then,two key parameters,unrecognized rate(δ)and wrongly recognized rate(γ),are calculated from the predicted outcome of the whole scene.Next,the spectral weight,derived from these two parameters,is calculated.Finally,the spectral weight is added and an improved structure is constructed.The improved structure not only combines the features in spatial and spectral dimensions,but also gives spectral sensitivity a primary status.Compared with inputs from the whole spectrum,the improved structure attains a nearly 2%higher prediction accuracy.When applied to public data sets,compared with the whole spectrum,on the average we achieve approximately 1%higher accuracy.
