With Multi-Fiber Arrangement (MFA) eliminated on Dec 31, 2004, the debates and concerns on the trade of textile and apparel have been growing. The objective of this study is to examine the impacts of alternative polic...With Multi-Fiber Arrangement (MFA) eliminated on Dec 31, 2004, the debates and concerns on the trade of textile and apparel have been growing. The objective of this study is to examine the impacts of alternative policies on China and World economy after canceling MFA. Based on a general equilibrium model of the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP), study shows that China and World will significantly benefit from further trade liberalization. However, if USA, EU and Canada converted to TBT to restrict import, the gains from eliminating MFA would be largely offset. Based on our analysis, some policy implications are discussed.展开更多
Some alternative methods for estimating soil erosion rates rapidly were used to elucidate the relationship between the land use types and land degradation. The 137 Cs content, magnetic susceptibility, aggrega...Some alternative methods for estimating soil erosion rates rapidly were used to elucidate the relationship between the land use types and land degradation. The 137 Cs content, magnetic susceptibility, aggregate stability, and soil properties were studied in the Dongxi River Basin, a mountainous area of western Fujian. A plot of 137 Cs inventory (Y) against slope angle (X) shows a strong inverse log log relationship ( r = -0.83 ), indicating that much more soil erosion occurs on steeper slopes. Average soil loss (in thickness of top soil per year) in the past 30 years for arable slope crest, arable slopes and tea plantation slopes are 1.6 , 10.4 and 8.0 mm year -1 respectively. The surface layer enrichment factor of magnetic susceptibility (Y) in soil also shows an inverse log log relationship ( r =-0.63), indicating a similar tendency with the relationship between the 137 Cs inventory (Y) against slope angle (X). The physical and chemical properties of soils among different land use types show different degraded characteristics at different significant levels.展开更多
Finite Element (FE) modeling under plane stress condition is used to analyze the fault type variation with depth along and around the San Andreas Fault (SAF) zone. In this simulation elastic rheology was used and was ...Finite Element (FE) modeling under plane stress condition is used to analyze the fault type variation with depth along and around the San Andreas Fault (SAF) zone. In this simulation elastic rheology was used and was thought justifiable as the variation in depth from 0.5 km to 20 km was considered. Series of calculations were performed with the variation in domain properties. Three types of models were created based on simple geological map of California, namely, 1) single domain model considering whole California as one homogeneous domain, 2) three domains model including the North American plate, Pacific plate, and SAF zone as separate domains, and 3) Four domains model including the three above plus the Garlock Fault zone. Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion and Byerlee's law were used for the calculation of failure state. All the models were driven by displacement boundary condition imposing the fixed North American plate and Pacific plate motion along N34°W vector up to the northern terminus of SAF and N50°E vector motion for the subducting the Gorda and Juan de Fuca plates. Our simulated results revealed that as the depth increased, the fault types were generally normal, and at shallow depth greater strike slip and some thrust faults were formed. It is concluded that SAF may be terminated as normal fault at depth although the surface expression is clearly strike slip.展开更多
Events Calendar 2009January 12-15, 2009 Hyatt Regency San Francisco, San Francisco, CA Mouse Models of Cancer January 21-24, 2009 Westin San Diego Hotel San Diego, CA Advances in Prostate Cancer Research
Events Calendar 2009 January 12-15, 2009 Hyatt Regency San Francisco, San Francisco, CA Mouse Models of Cancer January 21-24, 2009 Westin San Diego Hotel, San Diego, CA Advances in Prostate Cancer Research
This paper attempts to develop a theoretical framework to investigate the competitive implications of quality choices of financial institutions whereby they charge prices to consumers based on their willingness to pay...This paper attempts to develop a theoretical framework to investigate the competitive implications of quality choices of financial institutions whereby they charge prices to consumers based on their willingness to pay for the service qualities in the mixed market scenario under vertical product differentiation model. Initially, it analyzes benchmark equilibrium solutions of monopoly and duopoly to establish the degree of quality differentiation between two private banks in an uncover market configuration. Further, it estimates the quality differentiation between private and public banks, and examines the interaction between two market structures keeping public bank as both leader and follower, and then measures the social welfare from different prospectives. The explicit operation of two stages Nash equilibrium game forecasted that public banks＇ monopoly seems to be still better than a private banking, and it is socially optimal. The outcome demonstrates a significant importance of vertical quality differentiation for policy implication in banking industry and provides an insight on the reasons of particular co-existence of public and private banking services in the specified location. In this context, it is concluded that the presence of public banks in banking industries is a crucial condition for obtaining the higher range of social welfare.展开更多
This research paper describes an SEE （Structural Engineering Encounter） Lab project. The paper reports on the development of a single-story, single-bay portal frame model as part of the AIMS2 （attract, inspire, men...This research paper describes an SEE （Structural Engineering Encounter） Lab project. The paper reports on the development of a single-story, single-bay portal frame model as part of the AIMS2 （attract, inspire, mentor and support students） grant supported through the US DOE （Department of Education） summer research program at California State University, Northridge. This research effort is part of a comprehensive program to develop laboratory models of structures commonly encountered in civil engineering practice, which can serve the dual purpose of accomplishing engineering education and research in the areas of structural and earthquake engineering. The objective of the present study was to construct a physical model of the aforementioned frame to experimentally collect data due to the application of vertical and lateral loadings through instrumentation such as strain gages and an LVDT （linear variable differential transformer） displacement transducer, and also to make comparisons with theoretical and numerical predictions.展开更多
In a few decades, transition to adulthood has undergone significant changes in the manner and timing of attaining adulthood. The objective of the paper is to focus on the most significant transformations： the transit...In a few decades, transition to adulthood has undergone significant changes in the manner and timing of attaining adulthood. The objective of the paper is to focus on the most significant transformations： the transition to adulthood process has undergone in different European contexts, through the use of the findings of research performed in 2004 in Denmark, Germany and Italy. For the purpose of the comparison, in-depth analysis was performed of the interviews conducted on young people aged between 19 and 35, who had completed their education and were preparing to enter into the workplace. By means of the analysis of the interviews, the paper evaluates how youths perceive the passage from education to the workplace, taking into consideration the opportunities and resources provided by individual national contexts （social benefits, training and work opportunities） to facilitate the process of attainment of adult roles. The role played by family support to achieve transition is also analyzed. In particular, the type of support （financial, emotional and affective） provided by parents to their offspring during the various transition phases, with the aim of highlighting the existence of different parent-child relationships in the three countries examined.展开更多
Scatter hoarding by corvids （crows, jays, magpies, and nutcrackers） provides seed dispersal for many large-seeded plants, including oaks and pines. When hoarding seeds, corvids often choose nonrandom locations throu...Scatter hoarding by corvids （crows, jays, magpies, and nutcrackers） provides seed dispersal for many large-seeded plants, including oaks and pines. When hoarding seeds, corvids often choose nonrandom locations throughout the landscape, resulting in differential survival of seeds. In the context of habitat restoration, such disproportional storing of seeds in areas suitable for germin- ation and establishment can accelerate expansion and recovery of large-seeded tree populations and their associated ecosystems. Here, we investigate the spatial preferences of island scrub jays Aphelocoma insularis during scatter hoarding of acorns （Quercus spp.） on Santa Cruz Island. We use a large behavioral data set on the birds＇ behavior in combination with seedling surveys and spatial analysis to determine whether 1） island scrub jays disproportionally cache seeds in specific habitat types, and 2） whether the preferred habitat type is suitable for oak regeneration. Our results show that the jays nonrandomly cache acorns across the landscape; they use chaparral and coastal sage scrub disproportionally while avoiding open and grassy areas. The areas used most often for caching were also the areas with the highest oak seedling densities. We discuss the potential role of these findings for the recovery of Santa Cruz Island＇s oak habitat since the 1980s.展开更多
It was planned to build 36 million units of social welfare housing during the twelve-five2011-2015 in China.This paper introduces the estimation of owner occupied dwelling sector and develops a dynamic computable gene...It was planned to build 36 million units of social welfare housing during the twelve-five2011-2015 in China.This paper introduces the estimation of owner occupied dwelling sector and develops a dynamic computable general equilibrium model for China's real estate and macro-economy,to simulate the policy effects.The simulation results show that this policy can meet the increased requirements of housing demand due to fast urbanization and improvement of living conditions,therefore it will effectively cool down the price boom of housing market.Meanwhile,although the investment on social welfare housing will reduce the investment on other sectors,it will still stimulate GDP growth.展开更多
基金Financial support from the National Science Foundation of China （70333001 and 70021001） is gratefully acknowledged. The paper has benefited from the advice from Prof. Frank van Tongeren in LEI and Prof. Weiming Tian in Chinese Agricultural University on technical and modeling aspects.
文摘With Multi-Fiber Arrangement (MFA) eliminated on Dec 31, 2004, the debates and concerns on the trade of textile and apparel have been growing. The objective of this study is to examine the impacts of alternative policies on China and World economy after canceling MFA. Based on a general equilibrium model of the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP), study shows that China and World will significantly benefit from further trade liberalization. However, if USA, EU and Canada converted to TBT to restrict import, the gains from eliminating MFA would be largely offset. Based on our analysis, some policy implications are discussed.
文摘Some alternative methods for estimating soil erosion rates rapidly were used to elucidate the relationship between the land use types and land degradation. The 137 Cs content, magnetic susceptibility, aggregate stability, and soil properties were studied in the Dongxi River Basin, a mountainous area of western Fujian. A plot of 137 Cs inventory (Y) against slope angle (X) shows a strong inverse log log relationship ( r = -0.83 ), indicating that much more soil erosion occurs on steeper slopes. Average soil loss (in thickness of top soil per year) in the past 30 years for arable slope crest, arable slopes and tea plantation slopes are 1.6 , 10.4 and 8.0 mm year -1 respectively. The surface layer enrichment factor of magnetic susceptibility (Y) in soil also shows an inverse log log relationship ( r =-0.63), indicating a similar tendency with the relationship between the 137 Cs inventory (Y) against slope angle (X). The physical and chemical properties of soils among different land use types show different degraded characteristics at different significant levels.
文摘Finite Element (FE) modeling under plane stress condition is used to analyze the fault type variation with depth along and around the San Andreas Fault (SAF) zone. In this simulation elastic rheology was used and was thought justifiable as the variation in depth from 0.5 km to 20 km was considered. Series of calculations were performed with the variation in domain properties. Three types of models were created based on simple geological map of California, namely, 1) single domain model considering whole California as one homogeneous domain, 2) three domains model including the North American plate, Pacific plate, and SAF zone as separate domains, and 3) Four domains model including the three above plus the Garlock Fault zone. Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion and Byerlee's law were used for the calculation of failure state. All the models were driven by displacement boundary condition imposing the fixed North American plate and Pacific plate motion along N34°W vector up to the northern terminus of SAF and N50°E vector motion for the subducting the Gorda and Juan de Fuca plates. Our simulated results revealed that as the depth increased, the fault types were generally normal, and at shallow depth greater strike slip and some thrust faults were formed. It is concluded that SAF may be terminated as normal fault at depth although the surface expression is clearly strike slip.
文摘Events Calendar 2009January 12-15, 2009 Hyatt Regency San Francisco, San Francisco, CA Mouse Models of Cancer January 21-24, 2009 Westin San Diego Hotel San Diego, CA Advances in Prostate Cancer Research
文摘Events Calendar 2009 January 12-15, 2009 Hyatt Regency San Francisco, San Francisco, CA Mouse Models of Cancer January 21-24, 2009 Westin San Diego Hotel, San Diego, CA Advances in Prostate Cancer Research
文摘This paper attempts to develop a theoretical framework to investigate the competitive implications of quality choices of financial institutions whereby they charge prices to consumers based on their willingness to pay for the service qualities in the mixed market scenario under vertical product differentiation model. Initially, it analyzes benchmark equilibrium solutions of monopoly and duopoly to establish the degree of quality differentiation between two private banks in an uncover market configuration. Further, it estimates the quality differentiation between private and public banks, and examines the interaction between two market structures keeping public bank as both leader and follower, and then measures the social welfare from different prospectives. The explicit operation of two stages Nash equilibrium game forecasted that public banks＇ monopoly seems to be still better than a private banking, and it is socially optimal. The outcome demonstrates a significant importance of vertical quality differentiation for policy implication in banking industry and provides an insight on the reasons of particular co-existence of public and private banking services in the specified location. In this context, it is concluded that the presence of public banks in banking industries is a crucial condition for obtaining the higher range of social welfare.
文摘This research paper describes an SEE （Structural Engineering Encounter） Lab project. The paper reports on the development of a single-story, single-bay portal frame model as part of the AIMS2 （attract, inspire, mentor and support students） grant supported through the US DOE （Department of Education） summer research program at California State University, Northridge. This research effort is part of a comprehensive program to develop laboratory models of structures commonly encountered in civil engineering practice, which can serve the dual purpose of accomplishing engineering education and research in the areas of structural and earthquake engineering. The objective of the present study was to construct a physical model of the aforementioned frame to experimentally collect data due to the application of vertical and lateral loadings through instrumentation such as strain gages and an LVDT （linear variable differential transformer） displacement transducer, and also to make comparisons with theoretical and numerical predictions.
文摘In a few decades, transition to adulthood has undergone significant changes in the manner and timing of attaining adulthood. The objective of the paper is to focus on the most significant transformations： the transition to adulthood process has undergone in different European contexts, through the use of the findings of research performed in 2004 in Denmark, Germany and Italy. For the purpose of the comparison, in-depth analysis was performed of the interviews conducted on young people aged between 19 and 35, who had completed their education and were preparing to enter into the workplace. By means of the analysis of the interviews, the paper evaluates how youths perceive the passage from education to the workplace, taking into consideration the opportunities and resources provided by individual national contexts （social benefits, training and work opportunities） to facilitate the process of attainment of adult roles. The role played by family support to achieve transition is also analyzed. In particular, the type of support （financial, emotional and affective） provided by parents to their offspring during the various transition phases, with the aim of highlighting the existence of different parent-child relationships in the three countries examined.
文摘Scatter hoarding by corvids （crows, jays, magpies, and nutcrackers） provides seed dispersal for many large-seeded plants, including oaks and pines. When hoarding seeds, corvids often choose nonrandom locations throughout the landscape, resulting in differential survival of seeds. In the context of habitat restoration, such disproportional storing of seeds in areas suitable for germin- ation and establishment can accelerate expansion and recovery of large-seeded tree populations and their associated ecosystems. Here, we investigate the spatial preferences of island scrub jays Aphelocoma insularis during scatter hoarding of acorns （Quercus spp.） on Santa Cruz Island. We use a large behavioral data set on the birds＇ behavior in combination with seedling surveys and spatial analysis to determine whether 1） island scrub jays disproportionally cache seeds in specific habitat types, and 2） whether the preferred habitat type is suitable for oak regeneration. Our results show that the jays nonrandomly cache acorns across the landscape; they use chaparral and coastal sage scrub disproportionally while avoiding open and grassy areas. The areas used most often for caching were also the areas with the highest oak seedling densities. We discuss the potential role of these findings for the recovery of Santa Cruz Island＇s oak habitat since the 1980s.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.71103176
文摘It was planned to build 36 million units of social welfare housing during the twelve-five2011-2015 in China.This paper introduces the estimation of owner occupied dwelling sector and develops a dynamic computable general equilibrium model for China's real estate and macro-economy,to simulate the policy effects.The simulation results show that this policy can meet the increased requirements of housing demand due to fast urbanization and improvement of living conditions,therefore it will effectively cool down the price boom of housing market.Meanwhile,although the investment on social welfare housing will reduce the investment on other sectors,it will still stimulate GDP growth.
