Communication, Conviction, and Persuasion in The Origin of Species by Charles Darwin

Charles Darwin discovers that the theory of the species＇ creation by a miraculous being has reached a double impasse, due to the science ＂speech＂ evolution. There is an expositive impasse （it can＇t explain some facts any more） and a communication-comprehensive impasse （within its limits, some facts are not communicable or understandable）. In order to endorse his theory of evolutionism, Darwin develops an argumentative communicating science based on two axes： the facts and the axiomatics. His communicating science follows the next structure： （1） a relation with the starting thesis is established; （2） some evidence are promoted; （3） as the base of the evidence, a motivation is emphasized; （4） as a reason, an axiomatics is assigned to this base; and （5） finally, the facts and the quantifiers are explained by valid conclusions.

Introducing Sustainability Concepts Into University Curricula Through Systems Thinking

The aim of this paper is to explore the major issues involved in introducing sustainability concepts into university curricula in an interdisciplinary manner, through Systems Thinking. It is generally accepted that a holistic approach is essential in sustainability studies, but teaching such a new and complex topic to a diverse student population is by no means easy. In this study, sustainability is viewed in the context of Systems Thinking, particularly in Complexity Management domain. A general framework is proposed with the intension of guiding potential instructors who are planning to teach sustainability through Systems Thinking. The framework includes only the suggested systems-oriented material and a review of some system methodologies; it does not cover sustainability issues. Methodologies known as System Dynamics and Soft Cybernetics are explored and emphasized particularly in the paper due to their importance. The framework is kept general enough so that it appeals to students and instructors with a variety of background.

Kuhnian Understanding of Incommensurability and Implications of Paradigmatic Conception of Knowledge in International Relations

In international relations theory （maybe more than in any other discipline of social sciences）, the paradigmatic construction of Thomas Kuhn and his model of incommensurability might be applied to the theoretical interpretation of phenomena; and it is one of the cornerstones of the methodological toolkit for the interpretation in this field. The paper explores the reason why Kuhn＇s understanding of incommensurability seems to be necessary for the conception of knowledge in international relations： the concept of incommensurability can be considered typical as it is meant to indicate a conflict, of one form or another, between theories. And the discipline of international relations is more than a perfect ground for considering this concept when one is having in mind the high degree of polarized debate among rivalry theoretical schools （for interpreting and describing the identical phenomena） that is present from the very beginning of the discipline. Recalling the Kuhnian conception of science in paradigmatic view with an aim for understanding--international relations theory, the paper analyzes furthermore his rejection of the traditional dichotomy between “objectivisn”and ＂subjectivism.＂

The Use of Metaphors in Scientific Texts in English： A Proposal for Improving Reading Competence

Understanding discipline-specific texts in English is a basic requirement for science students, who must develop their content knowledge and language skills. Particularly, interesting is the fact that the language of science is characterized by the use of figurative language, which appeals to the common knowledge of the world, mainly to explain, clarify, and describe intricate concepts. Metaphors are helpful for lexicalizing new concepts and meanings or extending the meanings of pre-existing words. The analysis of tropes as a means to improve foreign language learners＇ reading competence is a rather novel teaching practice in ESP （English for Specific Purposes）, implemented at the University of Rio Cuarto, Argentina. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to explain the theoretical basis for teaching and developing metaphorical competence in ESP classes as a means of providing an intellectually stimulating alternative approach, and to present some teaching ideas and activities designed to familiarize students with the use of metaphorical language in scientific discourse in order to enhance their reading competence.

On the Principles for Compiling Maritime English Textbooks

With the development of maritime English teaching, there is a greater demand of high quality maritime English textbooks. This is a reflection of the diversification of new generation maritime English textbooks. But it also brings forth the principles for the textbook compilation. Maritime English textbook construction should adhere to the principle of the cultivation in students＇ listening, speaking, reading, writing and translation and incorporate the linguistic theories, teaching concepts and the understanding of classroom teaching and students＇ learning, so that the students will continue to improve their English levels in the process of learning the special knowledge. Therefore, the problem we faced with is to make the scientific and rational principles and compile textbooks that suit the practice of maritime English teaching and learning.

The Influence of Post Modernism on Costume Design

With the unprecedented expansion of human knowledge, the wide application of computer and database and the rapid development of science and technology, post modernism ideology has swept the world with hitherto unknown speed, which has a profound influence on the arts and design field in China. With the expansion of post modern design ＂humanization＂ design idea in various design fields, whether in architectural design, industrial design, graphic design or costume design, designers pay a hitherto unknown attention to the emotional understanding and humanized expression of the design content. When the Chinese designers and consumers almost have no clear concept of ＂ post modernism ideology＂ , the rookies in the design competition have already used the post modem design techniques very skillfully, and ordinary people have already worn the costumes of post modernism style to swagger through the streets.

Research on Chinese dream integrating into ideological and political education

It is an important task for university ideological and political workers to research Chinese dream integrating into ideological and political education, which has poured new theoretical discourse system into ideological and political education. And it is conducive to firm ideals and beliefs of university students and establish the socialist core values. Based on this, scientific connotation and basic feature of Chinese dream is expounded, Then basic principles of Chinese dream integrating into college students＇ ideological and political education is analyzed. Finally, effective realizing measures of Chinese dream integrating into ideological and political education is researched under the guidance of these principles.

Educational Situation： Some Preliminary Remarks on a Basic Concept of Education Studies

When educationalists are asked to define their own academic discipline of Education Studies, they often struggle to reach a common understanding. From an epistemological point of view, this indeterminacy leads back to the complex considerations involved in establishing a basic concept of education. In this article, the author explores in a preliminary fashion the possibility of identifying the essence of education in its performativity as an occurrence in context that always precedes and supersedes our theoretical considerations of it. Education is not to be understood primarily as something conceptual （theory） but rather in terms of its significance as a situational event （reality）. Educational reality thus informs educational theory and this relationship implies a knowledge-ethical surplus of the former as an inexhaustible source for the latter.

Prospects for the Development of English and American Literature Teaching Humanistic Ideas under Development Context

College Students humanity is system engineering, the Anglo-American cultural programs alone cannot achieve their goals. China＇ s higher education in the humanities education not only just focuses on the shortcomings of professional knowledge but the bigger problem is ignored by expertise in spiritual and cultural aspects of education, the performance of neglect scientific spirit and scientific literacy education, professional education and social neglect. We should deal with the problem of natural, human self-development and other relations. However, if each subject can be human spirit through to professional education, then we move to improve college humanities goal with one-step further.

当代高校思想政治教育理论研究及创新

作为知识青年的主要集聚地与多种思想相互汇集的高校,是创新知识和培养人才的主要教学基地。在崭新的21世纪,高等教育面临着一个很大的发展机遇,要想在高校学生是政治教育工作上有很大的突破,及获取更大的实效,就必须加强对当代高校学生思想政治教育管理的创新,并付诸实践。在本文中,《当代高校思想政治教育理论研究及创新》,阐述了如何创新当代高校学生思想政治教育,使思想政治教育的理论研究。