“科学社会主义”概念与社会主义本质论的视角——兼与何伟教授商榷

"科学社会主义"之"科学性"是相对于空想社会主义之"空想"而言的,是研究无产阶级运动条件的理论。建立在具体现实基础之上的社会主义与理论上的科学社会主义是不同的。邓小平基于科学社会主义内涵和现实基础提出了社会主义本质论。社会主义本质论从生产力联系生产关系视角论述了社会主义存在的内在理据,发展了经典作家从生产关系联系生产力视角阐释的社会主义基本特征,从而丰富了马克思主义理论宝库。

建党时期共产主义知识分子对“科学社会主义”的译介与传播

建党时期,早期共产主义知识分子以“科学社会主义”为蓝本,以“马克思列宁主义”为理论参照,借助出版机构、社团、期刊、教育机构等媒介,结合专著、论著、丛书等体裁,采用全文译本、归化译法,对“科学社会主义”术语展开了系统探讨。早期共产主义知识分子对“科学社会主义”的积极宣传,不仅把“思想的共产主义”直接推向了“现实的共产主义”,而且为中国共产党早期的理论和实践活动提供了必要的人才队伍支撑。

开拓理论思维 深化教学改革——论“科学社会主义理论与实践”课教学改革

“科学社会主义理论与实践”作为一门为硕士生开设的政治理论课，有着不同于一般课程的教学特点，即教学目的的达到与教学任务的完成不是一个同步的过程。这就决定了该课程的定位不应仅局限于理论知识的传授以及学生对理论知识的接受与否，而应该把提高学生的理论思维能力放在首位。本文作者在教学实践中确立了教学内容改革的“三原则”，并在此基础上，实施了激发学生思考。

36.4个百分点变化的启示——谈谈讲授“科学社会主义理论与实践”课的体会

作者通过对“科学社会主义理论与实践”课潜心教学使硕士研究生思想状况发生较大变化的过程总结，提出大学生不是不愿意上政治理论课，关键在于政治理论课教师如何上政治理论课，要使高校的政治理论课有效果、受欢迎、“入耳”、“入脑”，任课教师应努力做到四个到位：即，对课程特点的认识要到位；对教学的投入要到位；对教学内容的把握要到位；对教学方法。

民主社会主义性质辨析

本文旨在通过具体分析比较西欧东欧民主社会主义和科学社会主义两种思想体系的根本区别,通过认真总结东欧演变为民主社会主义的经验教训,揭露民主社会主义的实质,坚定我们科学社会主义的信念。

医学研究生思想政治理论课教学方法研究

随着社会主义市场经济体制改革的深入,随着高新医学技术的日新月异,现代医学所带来的伦理、法律和社会问题日显突出。作为研究生必修课程,"科学社会主义理论与实践"课应该针对当代医学研究生的特点,结合现实问题,培养研究生的哲学思维能力和以世界眼光分析研判问题的能力。

Contemporary Marxism and the Global Concept of the Universe

Having been developed in the way of concept extension, Marxism appears to be nowadays as the concrete-universal theory, in which originally imperfect transition program from abstract-universal to concrete-universal concepts of logic and sense is realized on materialistic foundation. This very program that was brought about in Karl Marx＇s ＂Capital＂ has not been sufficiently expressed in classical or contemporary philosophy. The base of this new Marxist philosophical form is not constructed by the terms of matter, movement, and development overall, but by the conception of the general naturally determined universal process of infinite movement from lower to superior forms of matter. We are aware of four of them： physical, chemical, biological, and social matter. Representing the eternal world as the progressive whole, modern materialism makes nature and proper place of each fundamental science understandable and helps to clarify the location and development future trends of the Man in the world.

The Modem Reading on Thought of Marxist Ecological Civilization in 〈The Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts in 1844〉

In〈The economic and philosophical manuscripts in 1844〉 （be called manuscripts for short）, Marx deeply criticized alienation of relationship between human and nature by alienated labor concept. The criticism pointed out the way for the solution of the ecological problems and showed the seeds of ecological civilization. The paper reveals the ontology about ecological civilization and generation and elimination of crisis through analyzing the Marxist thought of ecological civilization in manuscripts. The paper believes that Marxist thought of ecological civilization may enlighten us to carry forward and develop it with guidance, sense and theory. We sincerely expect that the thought of ecological civilization will be rooted in the hearts of the people deeply by means of the rise of ＂green＂ concept and the education of ecological ethics. The paper has important theoretical and practical value on deeply understanding the relationship between human and nature with scientific development angle of view, conquering the ecological crisis of globalization scientifically and building and developing ecological civilization of Chinese characteristic socialism energetically.

Effects of Marxist Methodology on Social Science Researches Conducted by Vietnamese Scholars Before 1986

In the early twentieth century, Marxism was propagated into Vietnam through patriotic intellectuals. After the propagation into Vietnam, Marxism not only influenced national liberation movements, but also profoundly affected scholars, particularly scholars of social science. In fact, many of well-known Vietnamese scholars have relied on Marxism’s theory of social existence and social consciousness, infrastructure and superstructure, practical concept, concept of class struggle, etc. to comment on poetry, history, language, geography, philosophy, etc. In other words, the scholars have applied Marxist methodology to explore and study cultural and social life in Vietnam; and in that way, a generation of Marxist researchers in the field of social sciences has been formed. After the renovation of the country, the Government of Vietnam has implemented its policy of openness and international integration, and scholars have been therefore able to receive many other Western ideals and cultures, and the Marxist methodology was not the only one used in social science research. Consequently, some people expressed their skepticism about the role of Marxist methodology in academic research in Vietnam, even completely denied the historical significance of Marxist methodology to the academia in Vietnam. This article is intended, through Vietnamese Marxist scholars, especially the ones in the field of social sciences prior to 1986 （i.e., prior to the renovation of the country） to demonstrate the historical significance of the Marxist methodology to the Vietnamese academia. It is clear that the penetration of the Marxism and the Marxist methodology into Vietnam have created a revolution in the field of academic research （primarily in the field of social science）. It has promoted academicresearch from conservative toward innovative, from traditional to modern. With the presence of the French colonialism as well as the French culture, the Marxism and the Marxist methodology helped Vietnamese scholars break away from Chinese Confucian scholarship and shift to systematic scholarly studies based on practical bases, scientific bases and modern methods. Although there are still some certain drawbacks, it cannot be denied that the Marxism and the Marxist methodology have played an important role in the formation and development of modern social sciences in Vietnam today.

Subalternity vs. Hegemony in the Development of Science in Cuba After the Revolution

Every developing country has to meet the challenge of overcoming a condition of subalterrnity. After the victory of the Revolution in 1959, Cuba tackled this challenge in a very original way, prioritizing the development of scientific and technical know-how and of an advanced scientific system. Moreover, it pursued this goal with an extremely open attitude, using characteristic Cuban resourcefulness while at the same time taking advantage of every possible support and collaboration. While the country was increasingly integrated into the Soviet system and the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance （COMECON）, and therefore benefited from a close collaboration with the Soviet Union and the Eastern European countries＇ higher education and scientific systems, nevertheless it constantly sought collaboration with scientists and institutions in other countries as well, in particular in the Western world. The most meaningful instance of this collaboration is the development since the 1980s of an advanced biotechnological and biomedical system, which was created independently by the Soviet Union. Quite remarkably, when the socialist system collapsed, though Cuba faced a critical situation, the strategic choice was made not to cut support to this scientific sector, but rather to reinforce it. At present Cuba produces and exports advanced and in some cases unique vaccines and drugs, and this sector ranks as third in the country＇s source of current hard currency.

Constructivism Representatives about Cognition Process

The article provides an analysis of the approach to cognition in the theory of constructivism according to different constructivism concepts such as： methodical constructivism, scientific-theoretical constructivism, natural epistemology, personal construct theory, social constructivism, concepts of some radical constructivism representatives, constructive realism. The analysis demonstrates that constructivism helps to establish subject＇s control over the reality perceived by him when eliminating any deviations or resentments from his preferable target condition. In this case, the model of the world cognized contains only the aspects which are relevant to subject＇s purposes and actions. It is advanced the idea the current stage of science development is connected with the change of its fundamental bases. As a result, the model of the reality becomes a result of interaction between subject of scientific and cognitive activity with the reality, but the ideas of constructivism in its classical meaning don＇t correspond to this conclusion. The author proves that cognition based on the constructive realism is the most appropriate to the modern stage of epistemology development as it cancels the opposition of constructivism and realism in some extent and promotes getting a rational knowledge about the reality by subject.

Cultural Psychology： An Interdisciplinary Perspective

Cultural Psychology emerged as an interdisciplinary subfield roughly in the 1980s/1990s. With about thirty years of momentum, this discipline has grown from little more than a special interests group to a topic to which multiple institutions and journals have been dedicated. This paper presents an outline of the discipline of Cultural Psychology from an American interdisciplinary perspective. The pitfalls of General Psychology （research methodology, politicization, and an essentialist hermeneutic） and Anthropology （an epistemological gap in the four fields approach, psychophobia, and the role of the researcher in cultural change） are addressed, in turn. Cultural Psychology provides an alternative to these pitfalls by drawing on the strengths of each discipline to address both theoretical and empirical problems. Cultural Psychology urges for a critical reflection on the social structure and history of its own discipline, resulting in a broader academic canon and a more nuanced understanding of interdisciplinary relations within the human sciences.

Research and Innovative Analysis on the Timeliness and Effectiveness of the University Thought Political Lesson Education Practice

In this paper, we conduct research on the timeliness and effectiveness of university thought political lesson education practice. What person, how to cultivate people is developing the socialist education enterprise in our country must solve fundamental problem. College students is a national valuable human resources, are the hope of nation, the future of our motherland. To make university students grow up to be the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics qualified builders and reliable successors, we not only need to vigorously improve their scientific and cultural quality, and actively improve their ideological and political quality. College students＇ ideological and the political education content system of the science building is refers to according to the requirements of college students＇ ideological and political education goal, to constitute elements of ideological and political education content should be reasonable configuration, make each other, permeate each other, in order to realize the content of organic integration and collaborative development.

Socialism with Chinese characteristics in a comparative vision

Socialism with Chinese characteristics is a product of the integration of the basic tenets of Marxism with Chinese realities and the primary stage of socialism in China, marked by reform and opening up. In this stage capital and market exist and play important roles and capitalism is utilized for the Chinese modernization drive under the leadership of the Communist Party. With changes in historical conditions, the ideal of scientific socialism raised by Marx and Engels is confronted with a lot of challenges. It is the historical mission of Chinese Marxists to take up the gauntlet in response to these challenges and solve the historical enigma of human development in contemporary society.

The October Revolution and the historical destiny of scientific socialism:in commemoration of the 90th anniversary of the October Revolution

With the birth of scientific socialism in the mid 19th century the socialist movement became an irresistible historical trend. The victory of the October Revolution turned socialism from an ideal into a reality and brought Marxism to a new stage： the stage of Leninism. The October Revolution changed the direction of world history and the Chinese revolution, a continuation of the October Revolution, became part of the proletarian-socialist world revolution. Any talk about Marxism in isolation from China＇s characteristics is merely Marxism in the abstract, Marxism in a vacuum. We can put Marxism into practice only when it is integrated with the specific characteristics of our country and acquires a definite national form. Deng Xiaoping Theory comes down in one continuous line from Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought and is Marxism in practice with the characteristics of the times and national traits. The magnificent achievements in the development of contemporary Chinese society are the outcome of unwavering adherence to and development of socialism with Chinese characteristics. In the context of economic globalization, we are still living in a transitional time from capitalism to socialism, an era started with the October Revolution. The 21 st century will see the rejuvenation of socialism, for the replacement of capitalism by socialism is an inevitable trend of world history.