广东省适宜“稻稻油”模式早熟甘蓝型冬油菜品种的评价与筛选

【目的】评价、筛选适宜广东“稻稻油”三熟制模式的早熟、高产、优质油菜品种,解决目前生产上轮作茬口不衔接的突出问题,促进广东粮油产能提升。【方法】试验在双季稻冬闲田实施,以25个早熟甘蓝型冬油菜品种为评价材料,调查测定各品种的生育期、产量、品质等重要性状,分析其与气象因子的相关性。【结果】试验品种全生育期变幅为136~151 d,播种期至初花期、初花期至盛花期、盛花期至终花期、终花期至成熟期的持续时间均值分别为88.0、7.2、21.1和30.0 d,大于0℃平均有效积温分别为1648.4、98.3、360.3和525.3℃;平均产量1832.1 kg·hm^(−2)(变幅1279.0~2288.1 kg·hm^(−2)),平均日产量12.5 kg·hm^(−2)(变幅8.6~15.5 kg·hm^(−2));每角粒数与产量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01);籽粒含油量(w)平均44.5%(变幅40.4%~48.4%),蛋白质含量(w)平均22.4%(变幅19.2%~25.4%),油酸含量(w)平均58.5%(变幅19.6%~73.3%)。相关分析表明,产量与播种期至初花期的平均温度和光合有效辐射均呈极显著正相关,含油量与播种期至初花期的平均温度呈显著正相关(P<0.05)、与光合有效辐射呈极显著正相关。聚类分析表明,11个不同生育期的品种属于高产类型,日产量高以及每角粒数、一次分枝数和单株有效角果数多是其主要特征。【结论】早熟甘蓝型冬油菜品种在广东的适应性差别大,日产量高以及每角粒数、一次分枝数和单株有效角果数多的品种能够充分利用生育前期光温资源,有利于高产和高油性状形成,适宜在粤中与丘陵稻作区“稻稻油”模式中应用。

Screening of Ratooning Rice Varieties Suitable for Ratooning Rice-Rape Cropping Planting Pattern in Ganfu Plain

[Objective] To screen ratooning rice varieties for the ratooning rice-rape cropping planting pattern in Ganfu Plain. [Method] The growth period, plant morphology, yield and its component of 11 varieties at the first and rebirth season were compared and analyzed. [Result] The ratooning rice varieties such as Heliangyou -1, Y Liangyou 6, Zhunliangyou 608 and Jingliangyouhuazhan were suitable for the production and application in Ganfu Plain. Heliangyou 1 and Zhunliangyou 608 showed the characteristics of early maturity, easy to achieve high yield and stable production. [Conclusion] It suggests that Heliangyou 1 and Zhunliangyou 608 should be selected as preferred varieties for the planting pattern of ratooning rice-rape cropping.