朱熹诗中“空”字义涵探析

朱熹作诗喜用“空”字,在其诗作中对“空”字的援用达到两百余首之多,其范围之广、数量之多,充分展现了诗人对于“空”字独特的理解与体悟。结合朱熹的个人经历和人生遭遇来看,其诗中“空”字有以下含义:一是诗人酷爱寻幽探奇,在游山玩水中造自然之境,抒眷眷山水心;二是其早期曾一度沉迷佛禅,后渐觉佛老之空无,遂借“空”字批判佛老之虚,趁此回归理学之实;三是诗人对归隐生活的向往及渴望家国统一的心志。喜用“空”字入诗,除个人经历外,有其佛禅思想的文化印记,充分体现了“空”字在朱熹诗中具有丰富的文化意蕴及审美价值。

从“空”字诗再看王维的佛禅思想

王维的思想与佛家有着不可分割的血脉关联,突出表现在其诗中"空"字出现频率颇高。文章以王维的"空"字诗为例,结合"空"在佛禅思想中的内涵,综合分析王维诗中佛禅思想的成因及王维诗禅交融的美学意蕴。

Digital Art as Urban Communication

As mobility and migration become the norm,citizens in modern cities live among people who remain strangers to each other.This creates new opportunities and challenges for urban social life.Public space is a critical forum in which strangers encounter each other and have the opportunity to develop social protocols for coexisting in diversity.New media technologies have huge impact on the form and quality of public space.Digital art can create experimental public spaces in which mediated connections and embodied presence are combined in new ways.Through the practice and research of digital art,we can imagine a communicative city in which urban digital media is less about spectacle,and more about promoting new forms of public speech and social encounter between people.

Measurement of Coordinate Parameter by Multi-baseline Digital Close-range Photogrammetry System and Data Analysis for Jujube

[Objective] The aim was to explore the measurement of coordinate parameter by multi-baseline digital close-range photogrammetry system.[Method] The 3-dimensional coordinate of 8-year-old Jujube was measured by using Lensphoto multi-baseline digital close-range photogrammetry system,and through comparing with measured data of Total Station,the error and accuracy of photogrammetry data were analyzed.[Result] The absolute error of X,Y and Z coordinate was 0-0.014,0-0.018 and 0-0.004 m respectively,and the relative error of X,Y and Z coordinate was less than 0.145%.The significance test of pairs for the photogrammetry data and measured data of Total Station indicated that the space coordinate data of stumpage were accurately measured by using the multi-baseline digital close-range photogrammetry method,and the photogrammetry data meet the need of space coordinate measurement for virtual plant growth simulation.[Conclusion] This study had provided theoretical basis for the growth measurement of virtual plant growth simulation.

Research on spatial calculating analysis model of landuse change

The spatial calculating analysis model is based on GIS overlay. It will compartmentalize the land in research district into three spatial types: unchanged parts, converted parts and increased parts. By this method we can evaluate the numerical model and dynamic degree model for calculating land-use change rates. Furthermore, the paper raises the possibility of revising the calculating analysis model of spatial information in order to predicate more precisely the dynamic changing level of all types of land uses. In the most concrete terms, the model is used mainly to understand changed area and changed rates (increasing or decreasing) of different land types from microcosmic angle and establish spatial distribution and spatio-temporal principles of the changing urban lands. And we will try to find out why the situation can take place by combining social and economic situations. The result indicates the calculating analysis model of spatial information can derive more accurate procedure of spatial transference and increase of all kinds of land from microcosmic angle. By this model and technology we can conduct the research of land-use spatio-temporal structure evolution more systematically and more deeply, and can obtain a satisfactory result. The result will benefit the rational planning and management of urban land use of developed coastal areas in China in the future.

Improved Prefix Based Format-Preserving Encryption for Chinese Names

In the era of big data, government, business and personal digital information will be possible for data mining. Data mining requires massive data as a support. However, the direct release of the original mass data, which usually contain some sensitive information of personal or analysis, will result in leakage of user privacy. Therefore, it is becoming increasingly important to protect privacy information in data publishing. In this paper, we focus on the multi-type self-identified format-preserving encryption. First, we introduce a multi-type self-identified format-preserving encryption system and discuss the encryption of various types of data in this system. Then, for the format preserving encryption(FPE) about Chinese name, we study from the encryption model construction and basic encryption scheme. The format-preserving encryption model about Chinese name is constructed and the concept of the name library is presented. Based on this, it is used to not only limit the message space to reduce complexity, but also ensure the cipher in accordance with the Chinese naming habits. In addition, according to the encryption and decryption model, format-preserving encryption process of Chinese name is designed. In order to add new names, the algorithm of name space expansion is proposed. Based on the Prefix, this paper put forward an algorithm named Cycle-Prefix, which enhances the security and dynamics of FPE by using two adjustment factors and the circular encryption. Compared with the traditional Prefix algorithm, experiments show that Cycle-Prefix can not only complete the task of FPE for Chinese name, but also encrypt same plain text into different ciphers under the premise of similar efficiency with Prefix.

Improved Correlation for the Volume of Bubble Formed in Air-Water System

In order to address the bubble formation and movement in air-water two-phase flow,single bubble rising in stagnant water is experimentally studied by digital image processing.Bubbles are released individually from the submerged orifices with different diameters(1.81 mm,2.07 mm,2.98 mm,3.92 mm)at different detachment frequency.Images are recorded by a high-speed video camera and processed by digital image processing technique. The factors impacting the formed volume of bubble are discussed.The experimental results showed that a threshold of gas flow rate(400 mm 3 ·s- 1)divides the bubble formation into two regimes:the constant volume regime and the growing volume regime.Especially for the growing volume regime,the surface tension is taken into account.The bubble volume is consisted of two parts:the surface tension impacting part and the gas volume flow rate impacting part.An improved correlation for bubble volume prediction is developed for the two regimes and better coincidence with the experiment data than the previous models is obtained.

Spatio-temporal GIS Data Model Based on Event Semantics

There are mainly four kinds of models to record and deal with historical information. By taking them as reference, the spatio-temporal model based on event semantics is proposed. In this model, according to the way for describing an event, all the information are divided into five domains. This paper describes the model by using the land parcel change in the cadastral information system, and expounds the model by using five tables corresponding to the five domains. With the aid of this model, seven examples are given on historical query, trace back and recurrence. This model can be implemented either in the extended relational database or in the object-oriented database.

A New Browder Fixed Point Theorem in Noncompact Hyperconvex Metric Spaces and Its Applications to Section Questions and Intersection Questions

In this paper, a new Browder fixed point theorem is established in the noncompact sub-admissible subsets of noncompact hyperconvex metric spaces. As application, a Ky Fan section theorem and an intersection theorem are obtained.

Drainage Network and Lineament Analysis:An Approach for Potwar Plateau(Northern Pakistan)

Drainage responds rapidly to tectonic changes and thus it is a potential parameter for teetonogeomorphological analysis. Drainage network of Potwar is a good geological record of movement, displacements, regional uplifts and erosion of the tectonic units. This study focuses on utilizing drainage network extracted from Shuttle Radar Digital Elevation Data （SRTM-DEM） in order to constrain the structure of the Potwar Plateau. SWAN syncline divides Potwar into northern Potwar deformed zone （NPDZ） and southern Potwar platform zone （SPPZ）. We extracted the drainage network from DEM and analyzed 112 streams using stream power law. Spatial distribution of concavity and steepness indices were used to prepare uplift rate map for the area. DEM was further utilized to extract lineaments to study the mutual relationship between lineaments and drainage patterns. We compared the local correlation between the extracted lineaments and drainage network of the area that gives us quantitative information and shows promising prospects. The streams in the NPDZ indicate high steepness values as compared to the streams in the SPPZ. The spatial distribution of geomorphic parameters distinctive deformation and uplift rates suggest the among eastern, central and western parts. The local correlation between drainage network and lineaments from DEM is strongly positive in the area within I km of radius.

Geometrical feature analysis and disaster assessment of the Xinmo landslide based on remote sensing data

At 5:39 am on June 24, 2017, a landslide occurred in the village of Xinmo in Maoxian County, Aba Tibet and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture(Sichuan Province, Southwest China). On June 25, aerial images were acquired from an unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV), and a digital elevation model(DEM) was processed. Landslide geometrical features were then analyzed. These are the front and rear edge elevation, accumulation area and horizontal sliding distance. Then, the volume and the spatial distribution of the thickness of the deposit were calculated from the difference between the DEM available before the landslide, and the UAV-derived DEM collected after the landslide. Also, the disaster was assessed using high-resolution satellite images acquired before the landslide. These include Quick Bird, Pleiades-1 and GF-2 images with spatial resolutions of 0.65 m, 0.70 m, and 0.80 m, respectively, and the aerial images acquired from the UAV after the landslide with a spatial resolution of 0.1 m. According to the analysis, the area of the landslide was 1.62 km2, and the volume of the landslide was 7.70 ± 1.46 million m3. The average thickness of the landslide accumulation was approximately 8 m. The landslide destroyed a total of 103 buildings. The area of destroyed farmlands was 2.53 ha, and the orchard area was reduced by 28.67 ha. A 2-km section of Songpinggou River was blocked and a 2.1-km section of township road No. 104 was buried. Constrained by the terrain conditions, densely populated and more economically developed areas in the upper reaches of the Minjiang River basin are mainly located in the bottom of the valleys. This is a dangerous area regarding landslide, debris flow and flash flood events Therefore, in mountainous, high-risk disaster areas, it is important to carefully select residential sites to avoid a large number of casualties.

Single-trial EEG-based emotion recognition using temporally regularized common spatial pattern

This study addresses the problem of classifying emotional words based on recorded electroencephalogram （EEG） signals by the single-trial EEG classification technique. Emotional two-character Chinese words are used as experimental materials. Positive words versus neutral words and negative words versus neutral words are classified, respectively, using the induced EEG signals. The method of temporally regularized common spatial patterns （TRCSP） is chosen to extract features from the EEG trials, and then single-trial EEG classification is achieved by linear discriminant analysis. Classification accuracies are between 55% and 65%. The statistical significance of the classification accuracies is confirmed by permutation tests, which shows the successful identification of emotional words and neutral ones, and also the ability to identify emotional words. In addition, 10 out of 15 subjects obtain significant classification accuracy for negative words versus neutral words while only 4 are significant for positive words versus neutral words, which demonstrate that negative emotions are more easily identified.

Three-dimensional transient numerical simulation for gas exchange process in a four-stroke motorcycle engine

Three-dimensional transient numerical simulation of gas exchange process in a four-stroke motorcycle engine with a semi-spherical combustion chamber with two tilt valves was studied. Combination of the grid re-meshing method and the snapper technique made the valves move smoothly. The flow structure and pattern in a complete engine cycle were described in detail. Tumble ratios around the x-axis and y-axis were analyzed. Comparison of computed pressure with experimental pressure under motored condition revealed that the simulation had high calculation precision; CFD simulation can be regarded as an im-portant tool for resolving the complex aerodynamic behavior in motorcycle engines.

Numerical simulation and experimental study on constant amplitude fatigue behavior of welded cross plate-hollow sphere joints

In order to reveal the constant-fatigue fracture form and mechanism of the welded cross plate-hollow sphere joints(WCPHSJs)and establish its formula,the WCPHSJs were fatigue tested.A total of 19 specimens were tested under constant amplitude fatigue loads using a specially designed test rig.The joint was analyzed statically by t e finite element analysis(F3A),and metallographic analysis of fatigue fracture was done by the electron scanning microscope.Numerical simulation and experimental results show that the hot-spot of WCPHSJ lies at the weld toe location where severe stress is concentrated.Fatigue cracks initiate at the weld toe and then propagate circumferentially around the sphere with a diameter equivalent to the width of the cross plate up to the fatigue facture.The initial welding defects and constructional detail constitute the main factor of fatigue failure.The S-N curves for the joints were developed through a linear regession analysis of fatigue data.A formula for calculating constant amplitude fatigue,base on the concept of the hot spot stress amplitude,is proposed.

Airborne electromagnetic data denoising based on dictionary learning

Time-domain airborne electromagnetic(AEM)data are frequently subject to interference from various types of noise,which can reduce the data quality and affect data inversion and interpretation.Traditional denoising methods primarily deal with data directly,without analyzing the data in detail;thus,the results are not always satisfactory.In this paper,we propose a method based on dictionary learning for EM data denoising.This method uses dictionary learning to perform feature analysis and to extract and reconstruct the true signal.In the process of dictionary learning,the random noise is fi ltered out as residuals.To verify the eff ectiveness of this dictionary learning approach for denoising,we use a fi xed overcomplete discrete cosine transform(ODCT)dictionary algorithm,the method-of-optimal-directions(MOD)dictionary learning algorithm,and the K-singular value decomposition(K-SVD)dictionary learning algorithm to denoise decay curves at single points and to denoise profi le data for diff erent time channels in time-domain AEM.The results show obvious diff erences among the three dictionaries for denoising AEM data,with the K-SVD dictionary achieving the best performance.

Digital Watermark-based Security Technology for Geo-spatial Graphics Data

The paper presents a set of techniques of digital watermarking by which copyright and user rights messages are hidden into geo-spatial graphics data,as well as techniques of compressing and encrypting the watermarked geo-spatial graphics data.The technology aims at tracing and resisting the illegal distribution and duplication of the geo-spatial graphics data product,so as to effectively protect the data producer＇s rights as well as to facilitate the secure sharing of geo-spatial graphics data.So far in the CIS field throughout the world,few researches have been made on digital watermarking.The research is a novel exploration both in the field of security management of geo-spatial graphics data and in the applications of digital watermarking technique.An application software employing the proposed technology has been developed.A number of experimental tests on the 1：500,000 digital bathymetric chart of the South China Sea and 1：10,000 digital topographic map of Jiangsu Province have been conducted to verify the feasibility of the proposed technology.

Land Parcel Land Use History as a Key to Site Selectionfor Documenting Soil Contamination Risk: a Case Study from Australian Suburbia

In that orcharding in early to mid twentieth century southeastern Australia involved use of certain heavy metal and As compounds in regular pest control spray procedures, some interest attaches to the possibility that these landparcels are underlain by soils with above background Cu, Pb and As levels. Interpretation of Land cover changes allowed land parcels previously occupied by orchards to be identified in the 1950s through time series air photos. A comparison of soil analysis results referring to soil samples from control sites, and from land parcels formerly occupied by orchardists, shows that contamination (above background) levels of cations in the pesticides can be found in the top 6 cm of former orchard soils. It is clear that digital spatial data handling and culturally informed air photo interpretation has a place in soil contamination studies, land use planning (with particular reference to re development) and in administration of public health.

Deblurring Texture Extraction from Digital Aerial Image by Reforming “Steep Edge” Curve

Texture extract from digital aerial image is widely used in three-dimensional city modeling to generate “photo-realistic” views. In this paper, a method based on reforming “Steep edge” curve, which clearly explains how the diffraction of the sunlight makes digital aerial image blurring, is proposed to deblur the texture extraction from digital aerial image, and the experiment shows a good result in visualization and automation.

Collisions of Two Spatial Solitons in Inhomogeneous Nonlinear Media

Collisions of spatial solitons occurring in the nonlinear Schroeinger equation with harmonic potential are studied, using conservation laws and the split-step Fourier method. We find an analytical solution for the separation distance between the spatial solitons in an inhomogeneous nonlinear medium when the light beam is self-trapped in the transverse dimension. In the self-focusing nonlinear media the spatial solitons can be transmitted stably, and the interaction between spatial solitons is enhanced due to the linear focusing effect （and also diminished for the linear defocusing effect）. In the self-defocusing nonlinear media, in the absence of self-trapping or in the presence of linear self-defocusing, no transmission of stable spatial solitons is possible. However, in such media the linear focusing effect can be exactly compensated, and the spatial solitons can propagate through.

Application of RgMap system on digital regional geological survey

Digital geological mapping fundamentally broke through the traditional working pattern,successfully carried out the geological mapping digitalization.By using the RGMAP system to field digital geological mapping,the authors summarized the method of work and the work flow of the RGMAPGIS during the field geological survey.First,we prepared material,set up the PRB gallery,then put the geographic base map under the background maplayer and organizing the field hand map,forming the field factual datum map.At last,the geological space database is formed.