台湾“空军”大逃亡

近日，台湾“空军”又爆出两名幻影2000、F-16战斗机“种子教官”吕乐生、高章泰(均为“上校”)打报告退伍。从而引出台“空军”内部大叹“损失”的消息，再次引发了台湾社会对台湾“空军”飞行员“大逃亡”浪潮的议论。岛内舆论就此不无讽刺地指出，长此以往，即使买来再多的尖端战机，由于没有足够训练精良的资深飞行员。台湾的“空防”未免“令人忧心”，更遑论什么“决战境外”或“境外决战”了。

案例教学在“空军战役理论”课程教学中的运用

文章从针对课程特点,挖掘案例教学的价值;围绕"空军战役理论"课程教学目标,做好案例教学预先筹划;结合"空军战役理论"课程教学内容,做好案例教学的准备工作等五个方面论述了案例教学在"空军战役理论"课程教学中的运用。

C-reactive protein aggravates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury through activation of extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 1/2

Background Ischemia/reperfusion injury （IRI） is an inflammatory response that occurs when tissue is reperfused following a prolonged period of ischemia. Several studies have indicated that C-reactive protein （CRP） might play an important role in inducing IRI. However, the effects of CRP on myocardial IRI and the underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the association between CRP and myocardial IRI and the underlying mechanisms. Methods We simulated ischemia/reperfusion using oxygen-glucose deprivation/ reoxygenation （OGD/R） in neonatal Sprague-Dawley rat cardiomyocytes; reperfusion injury was induced by three hours of hypoxia with glucose and serum deprivation followed by one hour of reperfusion. Cell viability was tested with MTS assays, and cardiomyocyte damage was evaluated by lactate dehydrogenase （LDH） leakage. Mitochondrial membrane potential was measured using tetramethylrhodamine ethyl ester （TMRE） and mitochondrial permeability transition pore （mPTP） opening was measured using calcein/AM; both TMRE and caocein/AM were visualized with laser scanning confocal microscopy. In addition, we studied the signaling pathways underlying CRP-mediated ischemia/reperfusion injury via Western blot analysis. Results Compared with the simple OGD/R group, after intervention with 10 pg/mL CRP, cell viability decreased markedly （82.36 % ± 6.18% vs. 64.84% ± 4.06%, P = 0.0007）, and the LDH leakage significantly increased （145.3 U/L ± 16.06 U/L vs. 208.2 U/L ± 19.23 U/L, P = 0.0122）. CRP also activated mPTP opening and reduced mitochondrial membrane potential during myocardial ischemia/reperfusion. Pretreatment with 1 pM atorvastatin （Ator） before CRP intervention protected cardiomyocytes from IRI. Mitochondrial KATP channel opener diazoxide and mPTP inhibitor cyclosporin A also offset the effects of CRP in this process. The level of phosphorylated extracellular-signal-regulated kinase （ERK） 1/2 was significantly higher after pre-treatment with CRP compared with the OGD/R group （170.4% ± 3.00% v.v. 93.53% ± 1.94%, P 〈 0.0001）. Western blot analysis revealed that Akt expression was markedly activated （184.2% ± 6.96% vs. 122.7% ± 5.30%, P = 0.0003） and ERK 1/2 phosphorylation significantly reduced after co-treatment with Ator and CRP compared with the level after CRP pretreatment alone. Conclusions Our results suggested that CRP directly aggravates myocardial IRI in myocardial cells and that this effect is primarily mediated by inhibiting mitochondrial ATP- sensitive potassium （mitoKATp） channels and promoting mPTP opening. Ator counteracts these effects and can reduce CRP-induced IRI. One of the mechanisms of CRP-induced IRI may be related to the sustained activation of the ERK signaling pathway.

Location Problem of Air Materials Supply Center for Air Force

Based on the analysis of three influencing factors on the air material supply center location, the location model of air material supply center was established. By solving the model, the rational supply center of air materials was also determined.

Host cellular signaling induced by influenza virus

A wide range of host cellular signal transduction pathways can be stimulated by influenza virus infection. Some of these signal transduction pathways induce the host cell's innate immune response against influenza virus, while others are essential for efficient influenza virus replication. This review examines the cellular signaling induced by influenza virus infection in host cells, including host pattern recognition receptor (PRR)-related signaling, protein kinase C (PKC), Raf/MEK/ERK and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling, and the corresponding effects on the host cell and/or virus, such as recognition of virus by the host cell, viral absorption and entry, viral ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) export, translation control of cellular and viral proteins, and virus-induced cell apoptosis. Research into influenza virus-induced cell signaling promotes a clearer understanding of influenza virus-host interactions and assists in the identification of novel antiviral targets and antiviral strategies.

Airglow simulation based on the Atmospheric Ultraviolet Radiance Integrated Code of 2012

The Atmospheric Ultraviolet Radiance Integrated Code （AURIC） is a software package developed by Computa- tional Physics, Inc. （CPI） under the sponsorship of the Air Force Phillips Laboratory/Geophysics Directorate （PL/GP） （cur- rently the Air Force Research Laboratory） for middle and upper atmospheric radiance modeling from the far ultraviolet to the near infrared. The AURIC has been considered as a general model for the radiative transfer simulation of airglow. Based on the theory of MODerate resolution atmospheric TRANsmission （MODTRAN）, the AURIC extends calculation to altitudes above 100 km and the wavelength down to 80 nm. A package of AURIC vl.2 was released in 2002, which can be used for sin- gle-point simulation from 1947 to 1999. It means that the model is not suitable for atmospheric simulation of large datasets or for atmospheric parameters retrieval from amount of satellite measurements. In this paper, AURIC vl.2 is upgraded to AURIC-2012 based on MATLAB with improvements for modules of the Geomagnetic Parameter （GEOPARM）, Atmosphere neutral composition （ATOMS）, and Ionospheric electron density （IONOS）. The improved AURIC can be used for global au- tomatic airglow simulation and also for automatic retrieval of atmospheric compositions from satellite global observations, such as O/N2 and electron density etc. Besides, the model supplies possibilities for further improvement of airglow radiative mechanism and for substitution of other modules. Based on the AURIC-2012, Limb Column Emission Intensity （L-CEI） and Volume Emission Rate （VER） are calculated. For validation, the results were compared with measurements of the Global Ul- traviolet Imager （GUVI） and TIMED Doppler Interferometer （TIDI）, respectively. The averaged relative errors of L-CEI and VER at peak altitude are both within 20%. Finally, L-CEI varying with latitude, altitude, solar activity, and geomagnetic activ- ity is simulated, and the distribution characteristics of the simulation and their influencing factors are analyzed subsequently.

Imbalanced expression of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinases in lung squamous cell carcinoma

Objective： Mitogen-activated protein kinases （MAPKs） are correlated with a more malignant phenotype in many cancers. This study was designed to evaluate the predictive value of the expression of MAPK phosphatase-1 （MKP-1） and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 （p-ERKl/2）, as the key regulatory mechanism of the MAPKs, in lung squamous cell carcinoma （SCC）. Methods： We assessed the expressions of MKP-1 and p-ERK1/2 in twenty subjects at different differentiation degree of SCC and five normal lungs by immunohistochemistry and real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） analysis. Results： Immunohistochemistry and real-time RT-PCR assay showed that the expression of MKP-1 was gradually decreased as tissue type went from normal lung tissues to increasingly undifferentiated carcinoma, and it was negatively correlated with tumor differentiation （P〈0.01）. However, the expression of p-ERK1/2 or ERKl/2 was gradually increased as tissue type went from normal lung tissues to increasingly undifferentiated carcinoma, and it was positively correlated with tumor differentiation （P〈0.01）. Conclusions： Our data indicates the relevance of MKP-1 and p-ERK1/2 in SCC as a potential positive and negative prognostic factor. The imbalanced expression of MKP-1 and p-ERKl/2 may play a role in the development of SCC and these two molecules may be new targets for the therapy and prognosis of SCC.

Global Electroweak Fit and Its Implication for Z'

Among the Z-pole observables, AFB^（0,b） and Ae display moderately large standard deviations from the Standard Model predictions. This result can be interpreted as independent experimental evidence for new physics beyond the SM, even if the 125 GeV Higgs-like boson at the LHC is ultimately confirmed as the SM Higgs. A recalculated global electroweak fit with a model-independent Z＇ shows that Z＇ can simultaneously suppress AFB（0,b） and Ae at the Z-pole, and reduce the largest deviation from 2.6σ in SM to 1.0σ in our scenario. The Z＇ fitting results also support a negative S parameter.

Study on the Complexity of Space Military System

Open complex giant systems and it＇s methodology： meta synthesis from qualitative to quantitative approach was proposed by Chinese scientists in the early 1990. Space Military Systems is an open complex giant system, which is discussed in details from the point of view of systematology in this paper. The hall for workshop of meta-synthetic engineering can be the methodology for studying Space Military Systems and it＇s relevant problems solving.