党对社会主义“空想论”的三次批判

50多年来，党对社会主义“空想论”的观点曾经有过三次明确的批判，这就是建国前后对农业社会主义的批判，“大跃进”时期对人民公社问题上超阶段“空想论”的批判以及十三大以来对社会主义发展问题上“空想论’的批判。三次批判，留给人们多方面的思索，坚持马克思主义与中国实际相结合，把发展生产力作为社会主义的首要任务，正确认识我们所处的历史发展阶段，反对平均主义等，都是我们应汲取的经验教训。

对社会主义“空想论”的剖析

由于社会主义进入低潮时期,那种认为社会主义理论只是一种空想而非科学的观点一度成为时髦。本文从社会主义发展史的角度对这种观点作一剖析。 1 “空想论”中有一个论点,科学社会主义还没有真正成为科学,社会主义还没有完成从空想到科学的发展。这就是说世界各国共产党人都是以非科学的东西作为自己的指导思想的。由此可见,他们所制定的战略策略的正确性是大大可以怀疑的了。那么,社会主义究竟是否已经完成了由空想到科学的转变?

对共产主义认识的理论反思

本文从对共产主义“空想论”寻根溯源 ,提出从彻底否定现实的角度去具体构想未来社会的情节、从抽象的普遍理性原则和道德规定去认识共产主义理想的终极性、片面夸大阶级斗争在社会发展中的作用和忽视共产主义的实现是一个“非常漫长的历史过程”等等 ,都会导致共产主义“空想论”。只有实事求是 ,解放思想 ,才能正确认识共产主义 ,也才能坚持共产主义理想不动摇。

《太阳城》与中国古代大同理想的契合与不同

意大利文艺复兴时期具备空想社会主义者、哲学家和作家身份的托马斯·康帕内拉,是闻名于世的空想主义著作——《太阳城》的作者,以对太阳的崇拜和对话体的形式为我们展现了一个理想社会;中国古代大同社会理想将"大同"视为最高理想,它是中国传统文化的重要组成部分,是人们心中最美好的社会理想,寄托了人们对于现实的反抗和不满,是一种憧憬,更是一种信心。《太阳城》和中国古代大同社会理想之间的契合与不同的研究,有助于我们更清晰地比较中西方的原始共产主义意识。

LI-ideal Spaces of Lattice Implication Algebra

In this paper, a topological space based on LI-ideals of a lattice implication algebra is constructed, and its topological properties, such as separability, compactness and connectedness are discussed.

Optimum Operating and Regeneration Parameters of ZnI2 Catalyst for Converting Methanol to Triptane:An Ideal Component of Unleaded Aviation Gasoline

Conversion of methanol(MeOH) to 2,2,3-trimethylbutane(triptane) over zinc iodide(ZnI_2)catalyst was investigated in a closed batch reactor.Optimum operating parameters were searched and catalyst deactivation and regeneration behaviors were discussed.The fresh,spent and regenerated catalysts were characterized by XRD,TG and XRF measurements to elucidate the related mechanism.The experimental results showed that the triptane yield reached up to 12.2% under the process conditions,including a reaction temperature of 200℃,an initial pressure of 0.35 MPa,a reaction time of 2 h,and a Me OH to ZnI_2 molar ratio of 2.The catalyst was gradually deactivated after several run cycles.A small amount of iodine was lost and a certain amount of ZnO was formed on the deactivated ZnI_2 catalyst.Deactivation of the catalyst could be attributed to the reduction of ZnI_2 amount,resulted from iodine loss and formation of Zn O.It was firstly pointed out from our work that the deactivated catalyst could be well regenerated by the hydrogen iodide(HI) and the tert-butanol compensation method,wherein the latter was added as an initiator into the reaction system.The activity recovery of the deactivated(spent) catalyst might be related to the reformation of ZnI_2 and acceleration of the initiation step of this reaction.

简论“社会主义初级阶段”提出的科学依据

“社会主义初级阶段”是我党在1981年开始使用的一个崭新的科学概念。它准确地概括了我国社会主义发展的一个特定历史阶段。赵紫阳同志最近明确指出:我国正处在社会主义初级阶段。社会主义初级阶段,质的规定性有二:第一,肯定我国已经是社会主义社会,我们必须坚持而不能离开社会主义;第二,表明我国社会主义还不完善,生产力水平不高,还远远落后于发达的资本主义国家。因此,“初级阶段”是特指我国在生产力落后、商品经济很不发达的条件下建设社会主义必然经历的特殊历史阶段,是建设具有中国特色社会主义的必由之路。“初级阶段”论这一科学论断的提出,不仅划清了社会主义和资本主义的界限,而且划清了在革命发展上与“机械论”和“空想论”的界线,从而也就使我们找到了过去所犯“左”右倾错误的认识根源。正确认识初级阶段。

Weak Gravity Conjecture and Holographic Dark Energy Model with Interaction and Spatial Curvature

In the paper, we apply the weak gravity conjecture to the holographic quintessence model of dark energy. Three different holographic dark energy models are considered： without the interaction in the non-fiat universe; with interaction in the fiat universe; with interaction in the non-fiat universe. We tlnd that only in the models with the spatial curvature and interaction term proportional to the energy density of matter, it is possible for the weak gravity conjecture to be satisfied. And it seems that the weak gravity conjecture favors an open universe and the decaying of matter into dark energy.

How Cyberspace Age Shaped the Political Party＇s Identity

The objectives of this study arc： first, to obtain a description that a political party website is an effective means of communication to carry out socialization programs to members ofthc party or the party＇s virtual public; second, to obtain a description that websitc is a useful means to give political education about people＇s political rights; third, to explore the implication of web＇s content for strengthening the political party＇s identity. The research approach used was interpretive approach to qualitative-descriptive methods. Interpretive method emphasizes culture from the perspective of social construction theory （Papa, Danicls, ＆ Spiker, 2008）. Data collection （Mann ＆ Stewart, 2000） conducted through site analysis of the People Justice＇s Party （Parti Kcadilan Rakyat） Malaysia website from January 16 to March 31 2010. The findings of this study arc the website is an effective means to disseminate political party＇s program. Although, the virtual public or party members were preferring a direct face-to-face interpersonal communication. The People Justice＇s Party, Malaysia has 14 MPN （Majclis Pimpinan Negeri/Rcgional Board） in the state-level. Regarding the political atmosphere in Malaysia, the wcbsite was an efficient tool. The costs required were very cheap. Second, the presence of party website opened a space for providing political education to more people. Third, the public responses stimulated improvement and strengthening the political party＇s identity.

Remarks on （1, 2）^＊-Generalized Closed Sets with Respect to an Ideal Bitopological Space

In this paper, the authors introduce and study the concept of （1, 2）^＊-generalized closed sets with respect to an ideal in a bitopological space. Also, some characterizations and applications of（1, 2）^＊-generalized closed sets are given.

Massive String Cosmology in Bianchi Type Ⅲ Space-Time with Electromagnetic Field

Exact solution of Einstein＇s field equations is obtained for massive string cosmological model of Bianchi III space-time using the technique given by Letelier （1983） in presence of perfect fluid and electromagnetic field. To get the deterministic solution of the field equations the expansion 0 in the model is considered as proportional to the eigen value σ2^2of the shear tensor σi^j and also the fluid obeys the barotropic equation of state. It is observed that in early stage of the evolution of the universe string dominates over the particle whereas the universe is dominated by massive string at the late time. It is also observed that the string phase of the universe disappears in our model because particle density becomes negative. Some physical and geometric properties of the model are also discussed.

Light and Shadow Postgender Intersubjectivity in The Left Hand of Darkness

The Left Hand of Darkness （abbr. LHD） is composed by Ursula Le Guin as a ＂thought experiment＂ to explore the postgender world on the planet of Gethen. By eradication of sexual difference and embracing the biological fluidity and psychological androgeny, dualism is deconstructed, and a postgender intersubjective space is reconstructed between Genly Ai and Estraven, interluded by cyborg myth and postgenderism culture narratives. Moreover, Le Guin suggests a possible transformation mode ofyin-yang cycle from psychoanalytic light and shadow.

Effect of Spatial Dimension and External Potential on Joule-Thomson Coefficients of Ideal Bose Gases

Based on the form of the n-dimensional generic power-law potential, the state equation and the heat capacity, the analytical expressions of the Joule-Thomson coefficient （3TC） for an ideal Bose gas are derived in n-dimensional potential. The effect of the spatial dimension and the external potential on the JTC are discussed, respectively. These results show that： （i） For the free ideal Bose gas, when n/s ≤ 2 （n is the spatial dimension, s is the momentum index in the relation between the energy and the momentum）, and T → Tc （Tc is the critical temperature）, the JTC can obviously improve by means of changing the throttle valve＇s shape and decreasing the spatial dimension of gases. （ii） For the inhomogeneous external potential, the discriminant △= [1 - y∏^ni=1（kT/εi）^1/tiГ（1/ti＋1）] （k is the Boltzmann Constant, T is the thermodynamic temperature, ε is the external field＇s energy）, is obtained. The potential makes the JTC increase when △ 〉 0, on the contrary, it makes the JTC decrease when A 〈△. （iii） In the homogenous strong external potential, the JTC gets the maximum on the condition of kTεi〈〈1.

Analysis and Prototyping of Multicellular DC-DC Transformer for Environmentally Friendly Data Centers

A multicellular DCX （dc-dc transformer） using unregulated cell converters has been proposed for the environmentally friendly data centers. The high speed cell converter with the switching frequency over MHz behaves as an ideal transformer, and this behavior solves the voltage imbalance issue in the multicellular converter topology. The analysis of the unregulated cell converter is conducted by using the state space averaging method, and the operation condition for the ideal transformer is specified. The behavior of the multicellular DCX using the high speed cell converters has been also analyzed, and the voltage imbalance issue among cell converters is discussed quantitatively. A prototype of a 19.2 kW 384 V-384 V multicellular DCX using sixty-four unregulated cell converters is fabricated and the validity of the analyses is verified.

The Sacred Imagination of Mountains and Its Spatial Influence in Early Medieval China： The Case of Mount Tiantai

Mountains were among the most important sacred geographical spaces in early medieval China thanks to the widespread building of Buddhist temples and Taoist abbeys in the mountains. They were sanctified both in imagination and in reality in the early medieval era. Accordingly, spatial studies have been conducted along these two dimensions. The former dimension deals with the numerous abodes of sages and immortals, while the latter examines Buddhist and Taoist monks and the stone chambers and temples or abbeys in which they practiced self-cultivation. In the case of Mount Tiantai, an imagined system of immortals＇ mountain abodes had emerged as early as in the middle of the Eastern Jin dynasty. A specific immortal was Wang Ziqiao, the Perfected of Mount Tongbai, who had authority over the Jinting palace and administration. The imagining of immortals＇ abodes not only helped the Taoists determine the locations of Taoist abbeys, but also inspired monks who hoped to practice self-cultivation with the help of the powers of mountain gods and immortals. In a sense, this was a process in which knowledge of the immortals shaped the landscape of Buddhist temples and Taoist abbeys.

A proof of a weak version of the Bieberbach conjecture in several complex variables

In this paper, the sharp estimates of all homogeneous expansions for a subclass of starlike mappings on the unit ball in complex Banach spaces are first established. Meanwhile, the sharp estimates of all homogeneous expansions for the above generalized mappings on the unit polydisk in Cnare also obtained. Our results show that a weak version of the Bieberbach conjecture in several complex variables is proved, and the obtained conclusions reduce to the classical results in one complex variable.

Ideals in the Roe Algebras of Discrete Metric Spaces with Coefficients in B(H)

The notion of an ideal family of weighted subspaces of a discrete metric space X with bounded geometry is introduced. It is shown that, if X has Yu’s property A, the ideal structure of the Roe algebra of X with coefficients in B(H) is completely characterized by the ideal families of weighted subspaces of X, where B(H) denotes the C*-algebra of bounded linear operators on a separable Hilbert space H.

Classification of EEG-based single-trial motor imagery tasks using a B-CSP method for BCI

Classifying single-trial electroencephalogram(EEG)based motor imagery(MI)tasks is extensively used to control brain-computer interface(BCI)applications,as a communication bridge between humans and computers.However,the low signal-to-noise ratio and individual differences of EEG can affect the classification results negatively.In this paper,we propose an improved common spatial pattern(B-CSP)method to extract features for alleviating these adverse effects.First,for different subjects,the method of Bhattacharyya distance is used to select the optimal frequency band of each electrode including strong event-related desynchronization(ERD)and event-related synchronization(ERS)patterns;then the signals of the optimal frequency band are decomposed into spatial patterns,and the features that can describe the maximum differences of two classes of MI are extracted from the EEG data.The proposed method is applied to the public data set and experimental data set to extract features which are input into a back propagation neural network(BPNN)classifier to classify single-trial MI EEG.Another two conventional feature extraction methods,original common spatial pattern(CSP)and autoregressive(AR),are used for comparison.An improved classification performance for both data sets(public data set:91.25%±1.77%for left hand vs.foot and84.50%±5.42%for left hand vs.right hand;experimental data set:90.43%±4.26%for left hand vs.foot)verifies the advantages of the B-CSP method over conventional methods.The results demonstrate that our proposed B-CSP method can classify EEG-based MI tasks effectively,and this study provides practical and theoretical approaches to BCI applications.

A conjectural formula for genus one Gromov-Witten invariants of some local Calabi-Yau n-folds

We conjecture a formula for the generating function of genus one Gromov-Witten invariants of the local Calabi-Yau manifolds which are the total spaces of splitting bundles over projective spaces. We prove this conjecture in several special cases, and assuming the validity of our conjecture we check the integrality of genus one Bogomol'nyi-Prasad-Sommerfield(BPS) numbers of local Calabi-Yau 5-folds defined by Klemm and Pandharipande.