《〈摄大乘论〉义章卷第一》草书误释举正

英藏敦煌写卷S.2048号《〈摄大乘论〉义章卷第一》为草书残卷,《敦煌本古佚与疑伪经校注——以〈大正藏〉第八十五册为中心》第6册曾对这一写卷进行了核校。由于草书写卷的识别具有很大难度,该书在释读方面仍存在一些疏误。综合利用辨字形、考异文、通语法、审文例等训诂方法,对其中的31例失误加以校正,以期为疑难草书的考释、草书字典的编撰提供有益的参考。

心学批判的有效性及其限度——以王船山的心学批判为例

与陆王心学的兴起演进相伴而生的便是心学批判史的展开,而王船山即此心学批判史中的一位代表性人物。首先,基于心性之辨,批评陆王“心即理”说,克服心学“主体性形上学”,在超越与内在之间保持均衡;其次,承继朱子“格物始教”,并积极回应阳明之问,批评陆王“第一义工夫”;最后,对心学之社会政治风气影响的批判显然属“外在批判”,但针对李贽、陶望龄等对当时文风影响的批判,却也言之成理。可见,船山的心学批判有其思想效力,但亦有其限度,与陆王心学共享“仁义固有”,这决定其在人性的看法上仍属于广义道学,且其“外在批判”存在苛评。

在否定中显示肯定——文殊与“第一义谛”

“第一义谛”是佛家常用的一个特有概念．指用般若智慧所体证到的佛地最高真理或终极真理。在许多时候，也被表述为真谛、真如、实相、中道或常住的、微妙的、不可思议的真常之体。此第一义不再指世俗的如来，而是如来法身。总而言之，万变不离其宗．内涵还是在“缘起”意义上出发立论的那个“自性空”或“毕竟空”。在这里，“第一”不是一个次序概念．而是最高或终极之意。

First Integrals and Reduction of the Birkhoffian System

Refer to the Hamiltonian system, first integrals of the Birkhoffian system can be found by using of the perfect differential method. Through these first integrals, the order of the Birkhoffian system can be reduced. Then according to the alternate of the coordinate, a kind of new partial differential operator was defined in order to hold the Birkhoff form. The result shows that the Birkhoffian system has generalized energy integrals and cyclic integrals. Furthermore, each integral can reduce the order of equations two degrees.

Electronic Structure Magnetic Properties and Optical Properties of Co-doped AIN from First Principles

The electronic structure, magnetic properties, and optical properties of Co-doped AIN are investigated based upon the Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof form of generalized gradient approximation within the density functional theory. The band gaps narrowing of AI1-x Cox N are found with the increase of Co concentrations. The analyses of the band structures and density of states show that AI1-xCoxN alloys exhibit a halfometallie character. Moreover, we have succeeded in demonstrating that Co doped AIN system in x = 0.125 is always antiferromagnetie, which is in good agreement with the experimental results. Besides, it is shown that the insertion of Co atom leads to redshift of the optical absorption edge. Finally, the optical constants of pure A1N and AI1-xCoxN alloy, such as loss function, refractive index and reflectivity, are discussed.

First principles study on electronic structure and optical properties of novel Na-hP4 high pressure phase

The electronic structure and optical properties of novel Na-hP4 high pressure phase at different pressures(260,320,400 and 600 GPa)were investigated by the density functional theory(DFT)with the generalized gradient approximation(GGA)for the exchange and correlation energy.The band structure along the higher symmetry axes in the Brillouin zone,the density of states(DOS) and the partial density of states(PDOS)were presented.The band gap increases and the energy band expands to some extent with the pressure increasing.The dielectric function,reflectivity,energy-loss function,optical absorption coefficient,optical conductivity, refractive index and extinction coefficient were calculated for discussing the optical properties of Na-hP4 high pressure phase at different pressures.

First-principle investigation on electronic structures and elastic properties of Al-doped MoSi_2

The electronic structures and elastic properties of Al-doped MoSi2 were calculated using the plane wave pseudo-potential method based on the density functional theory,in which the generalized-gradient approximation(GGA) was used to describe the exchange-correlation potential.Starting from the elastic constants,bulk modulus,shear modulus,elastic modulus and Poisson ratio of Al-doped MoSi2 were obtained by using the Hill method.The results indicate that conductivity of Al-doped MoSi2 is improved to some extent in comparison with that of pure MoSi2 due to the orbit hybridization of Mo 4d,Al 3p and Si 3p electrons.In addition,calculations show that the elastic modulus and the brittleness of Al-doped MoSi2 are smaller than those of pure MoSi2,which implies that it is feasible to toughen MoSi2 by doping Al.The agreement of the conclusion with experiment shows that the present theory is reasonable.

Finite Difference Method of First Boundary Problem of a Generalized Diffusion Model in Population

The solution of nonlinear parabolic equation arising from population dynamics with boundary and initial value are established by the finite difference method,as well as it denotes the unique generalized global solution.

First principles study on electronic structure and optical properties of quaternary arsenide oxides YZnAsO and LaZnAsO

The electronic structure and optical properties of the tetragonal phase quaternary arsenide oxides YZnAsO and LaZnAsO were studied using density-functional theory(DFT) within generalized gradient approximation(GGA).The band structure along the higher symmetry axes in the Brillouin zone,the density of states(DOS) and the partial density of states(PDOS) were presented.The calculated energy band structures show that both YZnAsO and LaZnAsO are indirect gap semiconductors with band gap of 1.173 1 eV and 1.166 5 eV,respectively.The DOS and PDOS show the hybridization of Y-O/La-O atom orbits and Zn-As atom orbits.The dielectric function,reflectivity,absorption coefficient,refractive index,electron energy-loss function and optical conductivity were presented in an energy range from 0 to 25 eV for discussing the optical properties of YZnAsO and LaZnAsO.

王国维对生命哲学/美学的存在论建构

王国维的"忧生"缘于对"宇宙人生之根本问题"的困惑,对生命困惑的求解成为其哲学所追询的"第一义",王国维由此构建了具有现代性意义的生命哲学。这种生命哲学不同于中国传统生命哲学,而是生命个体向存在维度的皈依和转换,从而与存在主义的生命哲学相通。其次,由于在对存在主义生命哲学的吸纳中更倾向于尼采,着眼的是进入审美关系的生命活动的意义,艺术生命化便成为王国维生命哲学的诗学特征。"天才"和"游戏"既是王国维哲学体系的重要话语概念,更是其生命哲学的核心话语范畴:"天才"不啻为一种现代生命自由意识,"游戏"的意义就在于生命的纯粹审美体验,当艺术以游戏的方式唤起天才的生命创造精神时,两者便被赋予了存在论涵义。

The Communist Activities of the First International and the Logic of Socialist Party Politics

Against the backdrop of the 19^th century, the First International, guided by Marxism, emerged in the form of the early ＂International Socialist Federation.＂ It viewed the seizure of power as the great mission of the proletariat, actively struggled against bourgeois regimes, strongly responded to the call of times for the theoretical self-consciousness and organized struggle of the proletariat, and exerted a profound historical influence on the stirring inauguration and nationally oriented development of the international Communist movement of the 20th century. From the socialist party political perspective, the First Intemational, once the Communist League, had raised the curtain on socialist party politics, changed the political mode of capitalist party politics＇ exclusive world domination through the interactive development of new organizational forms, theoretical viewpoints and political practice. It thus left an abundant historical legacy in terms of ideological creation and practical innovation for the subsequent Second International, the Communist International and the emergence and development of socialist party politics within nation-states. Although its socialist party political practice had an obvious ＂regional,＂ ＂preliminary＂ and ＂tentative＂ nature, the First International had foundation-laying significance and pioneering value for the development of socialist party politics, whether in terms of organizational vehicles, value orientation and activity content, or in terms of ideological guidance, practical patterns and strategic principles.

“We Were Not at School Today”: First-Person Pronouns and Discursive Construction of Identities by Emerging Middle-Class Chinese Parents

In the process of China’s dynamic social changes over the past decades, the young-parent identity construction of an emerging middle class and the resulting changes of social-cultural values in this context have attracted the attention of academic research in recent years. With the focus on the discursive construction of parent identity, this study examines the utilization of first-person pronouns in three different interactional contexts, namely, parent-teacher interaction, parent-parent interaction, and parent-child interaction. The study further explores the patterns of alignment between the parents and their children, parents and teachers of their children, and peer parents during the process of identity construction, followed by a discussion of the implication that young, emerging middleclass Chinese parents fundamentally shape themselves as "concerned" and "involved" parents and the change of values between collectivity and agency. The study not only demonstrates the dynamic and pluralistic nature of parent identity but also deepens our understanding of the indexical roles of first-person pronouns in the discursive construction of emerging middle-class Chinese parent identity and its relationship with the recent social-cultural changes in the Chinese context.

The Generalized Thermodynamic Temperature and the New Expressions of the First and the Second Law of Thermodynamics

The classical thermodynamics reflects the significant relationship between the heat and the temperature. On the basis of the relationships, according to the mathematical derivation, this paper structures the conceptions of generalized heat, generalized thermodynamic temperature, generalized entropy and so on. The series of conceptions in the classical thermodynamics is merely a special case of the generalized thermodynamics. Based on these conceptions of generalized thermodynamics, this paper presents the new expressions of the first law and the second law of thermodynamics. In other words, these expressions are endued with new explanations. The Eq. LZ = kTS given by this paper provides theoretical basis for these new expressions.