关于如何推进安全生产“管”“监”责任明晰的探讨

安全质量稳定受控是施工企业持续健康发展的基础和前提,施工企业要坚持“党政同责、一岗双责、齐抓共管、失职追责”的管理原则,适应质量安全新形势,全面落实安全生产“监”“管”要求,以问题为导向,坚持标本兼治,扎实开展三年专项整治行动,发挥安全文化引领作用和安全投入保障作用,达到“安全教育零遗漏、安全风险全辨识、安全管理零缺位、安全隐患零容忍、安全考核全覆盖、责任事故零发生”目标,构筑安全质量监督管理长效机制。本文就如何推进安全生产“管”“监”责任明晰进行探讨,以提升企业安全质量监管工作水平。

浅议我国网上银行的金融监管

网上银行作为21世纪一种新兴的金融业,其低廉的成本和广阔的前景,已越来越得到人们的重视。货币数字化和网络支付体系已经成为当今银行业的操作基础。随着信息化的飞速发展,网上银行在带给人们优质、快捷、全面服务的同时,这种以信息流为主的模式,也对实施金融监管提出了强有力的挑战。本文从网上银行的特征及我国网上银行的发展现状出发,深入分析我国网上银行发展对金融监管的冲击,并提出适时地金融监管对策。

Regarding the Regulatory Sandbox Route and Mechanism for Governance of Artificial Intelligence

The main challenge in AI governance today is striking a balance between controlling AI dangers and fostering AI innovation.Regulators in a number of nations have progressively extended the regulatory sandbox,which was first implemented in the banking sector,to AI governance in an effort to reduce the conflict between regulation and innovation.The AI regulatory sandbox is a new and feasible route for AI governance in China that not only helps to manage the risks of technology application but also prevents inhibiting AI innovation.It keeps inventors'trial-and-error tolerance space inside the regulatory purview while offering a controlled setting for the development and testing of novel AI that hasn't yet been put on the market.By providing full-cycle governance of AI with the principles of agility and inclusive prudence,the regulatory sandbox offers an alternative to the conventional top-down hard regulation,expost regulation,and tight regulation.However,the current system also has inherent limitations and practical obstacles that need to be overcome by a more rational and effective approach.To achieve its positive impact on AI governance,the AI regulatory sandbox system should build and improve the access and exit mechanism,the coordination mechanism between the sandbox and personal information protection,and the mechanisms of exemption,disclosure,and communication.

Regulatory Impact Assessment of the EU Digital Market Surveillance and Chinese Response Plan

As a data protection legislation with the dual objectives of market regulation and government supervision,the EU General Data Protection Regulation(GDPR)is designed to promote the cultivation of a market for data ele⁃ments and to regulate the data processing subjects'behaviour.The civil legal norms to participate in the data market regulation are introduced,and a right-protected mode with the obligation norms of data controllers as the core is started by GDPR.However,from the perspective of GDPR's global enforcement effectiveness,as an export-orientated global standard and protection framework,the power regulation model of the EU's single digital market is facing the in⁃novative incentives of data market expansion and the tension of human rights protection.A more modest and moderate data governance regulation model has been opened by a new round of the EU digital market regulation.The legal sce⁃narios transition and digital platforms regulation more fit the regulatory demand and development goals of global digital economy development.The EU's determination to enhance the global digital market share and competitiveness is dem⁃onstrated.For China,the impact and security risks of the new round should be evaluated carefully,drawing on the ex⁃perience of the technical standpoint and institutional framework and regulatory rules of the EU digital market regula⁃tion,providing the regulatory models and Chinese solutions to respond to the EU digital market regulation,and enhanc⁃ing Chinese institutional discourse and rule-making leadership in the global digital economy.

The Research Status and Enlightenment of Foreign Foodborne Disease Prevention and Control

Foodborne disease is a worldwide il ness and over 1 bil ion people get diseased every year. In China, thousands of foodborne diseases occur every year. It is proved that prevention is the most crucial for control ing foodborne disease. In the research, food safety monitoring system, laws and early warning system in the US and EU were introduced to explore the successful experience and monitoring or control mode suitable for China.

Importance of Proficiency Testing in Water Quality Monitoring

The monitoring data is undoubtedly important to the water quality monitor- ing department. The proficiency testing is an important way to improve the monitor- ing capacity and enhance the quality management of laboratories. It plays an impor- tant role in ensuring the accuracy, integrity and comparability of monitoring data. In this paper, the positive role of proficiency testing in the water quality monitoring was analyzed. In addition, how to improve the water quality monitoring capacity and the quality management level of laboratories through the proficiency testing was also discussed.

Review of Food Safety Supervision for the Wholesale Market of Chinese Agricultural Products

With the continuous improvement of living standards, there is an increasingly concerned about food quality and safety issues. Especially in recent years,food safety incidents, breaking out frequently, have become the focus of people＇s attention, putting forward new demands on the regulation of food safety. This paper reviewed the Food Safety Supervision in China from food safety supervision mode,regulatory system defects and circulation supervision system, and also proposed the future research trends of food safety regulations for the wholesale market of Chinese agricultural products.

Development and Application of On-Line Corrosion Monitoring Device for Condenser Tube

This paper introduces the development and industrial application of an on-line corrosion monitoring device for condenser tubes. Corrosion sensors are made up of representative condenser tubes chosen by eddy current test, which enable the monitoring result to be consistent with the corrosion of actual condenser tubes. Localized corrosion rate of condenser tubes can be measured indirectly by a galvanic couple made up of tube segments with and without pits. Using this technology, corrosion problems can be found in time and accurately, and anticorrosive measures be made more economic and effective. Applications in two power plants showed the corrosion measurements are fast and accurate.

Comparison of the Evolution of Genetically Modified Food Safety Policies between the United States and the European Union

With the research on and development of Genetically Modified Food （GMF）, people＇s attitude toward GMF may fall into two divergent categories, typical- ly represented by the United States（US） and the European Union（EU）, respectively. The former follows a ＂sound science principle＂ and firmly objects to the precautionary principle, namely a permissive policy of positive support of and voluntary labelling on GMF; while the latter adopts a cautiously precautionary principle, requiring mandatory labelling and traceability. From the standpoint of regulatory principles, together with corresponding supervisory measures and relevant provisions, this paper compared the execution of directives and provisions on GMF from the initial policies enacted by the US and EU to current situation combined with the track and analysis of latest polic ies issued.

A Survey of Drug Supply Organizations in Rural Areas in four Provinces of China

Aim To realize the present situation of drug purchase, supply, and use in the health service organizations and drug distributors in rural areas, and to put forward some suggestions. Methods An interview survey was conducted in 20 township hospitals, 26 countryside drugstores, and 84 village dispensaries in Hainan, Anhui, Henan, and Sichuan Provinces. Results （1） The main drug supplying organizations in the countryside are township hospitals and village dispensaries. （2） The personnel in the drug supplying organizations are rather inadequately educated. （3） The drug resources in the grass-roots countryside are complex and disordered. （4） Most of the countryside retail drugstores are small, and the number of drugstores is small, but their development potential is great. Conclusion （1） A basic drug catalogue for rural areas should be made up. （2） Legitimate drug wholesale companies should be encouraged to supply drugs for vast countryside. （3） Development of drug distributionstations in townships should be promoted. （4） The administration of drugs in the countryside should be strengthened.

Application of a novel detection approach based on non-dispersive infrared theory to the in-situ analysis on indicator gases from underground coal fire

Coal mine fires,which can cause heavy casualties,environmental damages and a waste of coal resources,have become a worldwide problem.Aiming at overcoming the drawbacks,such as a low analysis efficiency,poor stability and large monitoring error,of the existing underground coal fire monitoring technology,a novel monitoring system based on non-dispersive infrared(NDIR)spectroscopy is developed.In this study,first,the measurement principle of NDIR sensor,the gas concentration calculation and its temperature compensation algorithms were expounded.Next,taking CO and CH_(4) as examples,the liner correlation coefficients of absorbance and the temperature correction factors of the two indicator gases were calculated,and then the errors of concentration measurement for CO,CO_(2),CH_(4) and C_(2)H_(4) were further analyzed.The results disclose that the designed NDIR sensors can satisfy the requirements of industrial standards for monitoring the indicator gases for coal fire hazards.For the established NDIR-based monitoring system,the NDIRbased spectrum analyzer and its auxiliary equipment boast intrinsically safe and explosion-proof performances and can achieve real-time and in-situ detection of indicator gases when installed close to the coal fire risk area underground.Furthermore,a field application of the NDIR-based monitoring system in a coal mine shows that the NDIR-based spectrum analyzer has a permissible difference from the chromatography in measuring the concentrations of various indicator gases.Besides,the advantages of high accuracy,quick analysis and excellent security of the NDIR-based monitoring system have promoted its application in many coal mines.

Synthesis of Petri net supervisors enforcing general constraints

This paper deals with the synthesis of Petri net supervisor enforcing the more expressive constraints including marking terms, firing vector terms and Parikh vector terms. The method is developed to handle uncontrollable and unobservable transitions existing in the constraints. The “greater-than or equal” general constraints can also be transformed into “less-than or equal” Parikh constraints. An example is analyzed to show how the problem is solved. General constraint is first transformed into Parikh vector constraints, and Matrix-Transformation is proposed to obtain the admissible constraints without uncontrollable and unobservable transitions. Then the supervisor can be constructed based on constraints only consisting of Parikh vector terms. The method is proved to be more concise and effective than the method presented by Iordache and Moody especially when applied to large scale systems.

PPARs： diverse regulators in energy metabolism and metabolic diseases

The nuclear receptor PPARs are fundamentally important for energy homeostasis. Through their distinct yet overlapping functions and tissue distribution, the PPARs regulate many aspects of energy metabolism at the transcriptional level. Functional impairment or dysregulation of these receptors leads to a variety of metabolic diseases, while their ligands offer many metabolic benefits. Studies of these receptors have advanced our knowledge of the transcriptional basis of energy metabolism and helped us understand the pathogenic mechanisms of metabolic syndrome.

Pesticide Residues and Government Regulation in China─Evidence from Pesticide Residues in Fruits and Vegetables

China is a big producer and exporter of fruits and vegetables,and pesticide residues are an important factor affecting the quality and safety of fruits and vegetables and their export trade.In this paper,we analyzed the pesticide residue data on fruits and vegetables in 32 major Chinese cities between 2012—2019,the export data of Chinese fruits and vegetables and the role of pesticides in foodborne diseases.The results showed that pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables(PRFV)partial excess of maximum residue standard(MRL)and residues of banned pesticide were still widespread in China.By comparing the standards of pesticide residues in the European Union and China and addressing the agricultural situation in China,this paper analyzed the main causes of PRFV in China and put forward some policy suggestions for strengthening government regulation of pesticide application in agricultural products.

The nuclear signaling of NF-KB： current knowledge, new insights, and future perspectives

The nuclear factor-kappa B （NF-κB） transcription factor plays a critical role in diverse cellular processes associated with proliferation, cell death, development, as well as innate and adaptive immune responses. NF-κB is normally sequestered in the cytoplasm by a family of inhibitory proteins known as inhibitors of NF-κB （IκBs）. The signal pathways leading to the liberation and nuclear accumulation of NF-κB, which can be activated by a wide variety of stimuli, have been extensively studied in the past two decades. After gaining access to the nucleus, NF-κB must be actively regulated to execute its fundamental function as a transcription factor. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of nuclear signaling in the regulation of NF-κB transcriptional activity. A non-Rel subunit of NF-κB, ribosomal protein S3 （RPS3）, and numerous other nuclear regulators of NF-κB, including Akirin, Nurrl, SIRT6, and others, have recently been identified, unveiling novel and exciting layers of regulatory specificity for NF-κB in the nucleus. Further insights into the nuclear events that govern NF-κB function will deepen our understanding of the elegant control of its transcriptional activity and better inform the potential rational design of therapeutics for NF-κB-associated diseases.

Networked control and supervision system based on LonWorks fieldbus and Intranet/Internet

A networked control and supervision system （NCSS） based on LonWorks fieldbus and lntranet/Intemet was designed, which was composed of the universal intelligent control nodes （ICNs）, the visual control and supervision configuration platforms （VCCP and VSCP） and an Intranet/Internet-based remote supervision platform （RSP）. The ICNs were connected to field devices, such as sensors, actuators and controllers. The VCCP and VSCP were implemented by means of a graphical programming environment and network management so as to simplify the tasks of programming and maintaining the ICNs. The RSP was employed to perform the remote supervision function, which was based on a three-layer browser/server（B/S） structure mode. The validity of the NCSS was demonstrated by laboratory experiments.

Infiltration regulation and stability analysis of soil slope under sustained and small intensity rainfall

Rainfall infiltration depth and mode can severely influence slope stability.With the sustained rainfall,the influenced region of slope gradually expands.By using the Green-Ampt model to the soil slope,infiltration regulation was discussed under sustained and small intensity rainfall.And the infiltration rate of unsaturated soil was proposed according to the saturated infiltration theory.Because of the changing of initial moisture content in depth of slope,the saturated or unsaturated infiltration rate and depth could also be changeable with the sustained rainfall infiltration.Based on the principle of strength reduction,the calculation model of slope safety factor was established under different initial moisture contents and infiltration modes.Then,the slope stability was quantitatively analyzed through software FLAC3D.The calculation results of soil slope engineering show that there is a shorter period for slope stability under different initial moisture contents and unsaturated infiltration ways at the slope wetting front.The stability period of slope is 33.3%according to different initial moisture contents of wetting front less than that of the same initial moisture content of wetting front.And the slope is easier to fail under the unsaturated infiltration.The results agree well with the actual situation under sustained and small intensity rainfall.

Changes of Mobile Internet Ecosystem Structure and Suggestions for Regulatory Policy

The mobile Intemet industry has exp- erienced dramatic changes as plenty of new applications and business models emerged. This study conducts a qualitative review on the changes through adopting business ecosystem approaches. An analytical framework is estab- lished for reviewing the structure of mobile Internet business ecosystem. Then the core value, key actors, and inter-firm relationships of the mobile Internet ecosystem in the past and in the present are compared. It is found that the ecosystem structure has shifted from an MNO-centric model to a polycentric one with highly expanded value sources and di- versified keystone players. Accordingly some suggestions for regulatory policy makers are provided in terms of the roles of mobile Inter- net in social welfare improvement, the call for a convergent regulatory system, and chal- lenges for information security regulation.

T-regulatory lymphocytes in peripheral blood of gastric and colorectal cancer patients

AIM: To assess the absolute number of T-regulatory cells (Tregs; CD4+CD25+Foxp3+) in the peripheral blood of gastric and colorectal cancer patients. METHODS: We enrolled 70 cancer patients (33 gastric cancer, 37 colorectal cancer) and 17 healthy volunteers. The CD3+CD4+ lymphocytes and CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Tregs in the peripheral blood were analyzed with flow cytometry. The absolute numbers of Tregs were calculated based on the CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ cells percent-age of CD3+CD4+ cells and the absolute numbers of CD3+CD4+ cells per microliter. RESULTS: The mean number of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ cells per microliter in colorectal cancer patients was 15.7 (SD: 21.8), for gastric cancer patients 12.2 (SD: 14.3), and for controls 17.5 (SD: 11.4). The absolute number of Tregs was significantly lower in gastric cancer patients than in controls (P = 0.026). There was no statistically significant difference for gastric vs colorectal cancer or colorectal cancer vs controls. The absolute number of Tregs was also significantly depressed in N+ vs Ncancer patients [22.0 (27.7) vs 10.1 (9.0), P = 0.013], and in the subgroup of gastric cancer patients [30.3 (27.6) vs 9.6 (8.0), P = 0.003]. No statistical difference was observed in the proportion of Tregs in the CD4+ population between the groups. CONCLUSION: The absolute number of Tregs in peripheral blood of gastric cancer but not colorectal cancer patients was significantly decreased in comparison with that in healthy controls.

Role of the endothelium in inflammatory bowel diseases

Inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD) are a complex group of diseases involving alterations in mucosal immunity and gastrointestinal physiology during both initiation and progressive phases of the disease.At the core of these alterations are endothelial cells,whose continual adjustments in structure and function coordinate vascular supply,immune cell emigration,and regulation of the tissue environment.Expansion of the endothelium in IBD(angiogenesis),mediated by inflammatory growth factors,cytokines and chemokines,is a hallmark of active gut disease and is closely related to disease severity.The endothelium in newly formed or inflamed vessels differs from that in normal vessels in the production of and response to inflammatory cytokines,growth factors,and adhesion molecules,altering coagulant capacity,barrier function and blood cell recruitment in injury.This review examines the roles of the endothelium in the initiation and propagation of IBD pathology and distinctive features of the intestinal endothelium contributing to these conditions.