By optimizing the network topology, this paper proposes a newmethod of queuing theory clustering algorithm based on dynamic programming in a home energy management system（ HEMS）. First, the total cost of the HEMS sy...By optimizing the network topology, this paper proposes a newmethod of queuing theory clustering algorithm based on dynamic programming in a home energy management system（ HEMS）. First, the total cost of the HEMS system is divided into two parts, the gateway installation cost and the data transmission cost. Secondly, through comparing two kinds of different queuing theories, the cost problem of the HEMS is converted into the problem of gateway deployment. Finally, a machine-to-machine（ M2M） gateway configuration scheme is designed to minimize the cost of the system. Simulation results showthat the cost of the HEMS system mainly comes from the installation cost of the gateways when the gateway buffer space is large enough. If the gateway buffer space is limited, the proposed queue algorithm can effectively achieve optimal gateway setting while maintaining the minimal cost of the HEMS at desired levels through marginal analyses and the properties of cost minimization.展开更多
This article discusses a practical, evidence-based approach to the diagnosis and management of liver cirrhosis by focusing on etiology, severity, presence of complications, and potential home-managed treatments. Relev...This article discusses a practical, evidence-based approach to the diagnosis and management of liver cirrhosis by focusing on etiology, severity, presence of complications, and potential home-managed treatments. Relevant literature from 1985 to 2010 (PubMed) was reviewed. The search criteria were peer-reviewed full papers published in English using the following MESH headings alone or in combination: "ascites", "liver fibrosis", "cirrhosis", "chronic hepatitis", "chronic liver disease", "decompensated cirrhosis", "hepatic encephalopathy", "hypertransaminasemia", "liver transplantation" and "portal hypertension". Forty-nine papers were selected based on the highest quality of evidence for each section and type (original, randomized controlled trial, guideline, and review article), with respect to specialist setting (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Internal Medicine) and primary care. Liver cirrhosis from any cause represents an emerging health issue due to the increasing prevalence of the disease and its complications worldwide. Primary care physicians play a key role in early identification of risk factors, in the management of patients for improving quality and length of life, and for preventing complications. Specialists, by contrast, should guide specific treatments, especially in the case of complications and for selecting patient candidates for liver transplantation. An integrated approach between specialists and primary care physicians is essential for providing better outcomes and appropriate home care for patients with liver cirrhosis.展开更多
The aim of this study is to examine the effects of family involvement and altruism on agency costs of equity and debt, as well on the performance of small family businesses. To achieve this objective, the authors revi...The aim of this study is to examine the effects of family involvement and altruism on agency costs of equity and debt, as well on the performance of small family businesses. To achieve this objective, the authors reviewed the literature on family business. Drawing from agency theory and stewardship theory, the authors also proposed a research model that highlights the links among the variables. In so doing, this paper makes some contributions to the literature in three ways. Firstly, it takes an integrative framework that may help to explain behaviors oriented towards maximizing potential performance within a context in which pro-organizational attitudes co-exist with self-serving motivations. Secondly, it advances the understanding of corporate governance mechanisms in small family businesses, and finally, it deepens the discussion of prior research by advancing a set of propositions based on two theoretical approaches. Thus, the authors believe that a systematic comparison of different contexts provides new insights into small family business governance. The implications and directions for future research are in the last section.展开更多
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61471031)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2013JBZ01)the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University of Ministry of Education of China(No.NCET-12-0766)
文摘By optimizing the network topology, this paper proposes a newmethod of queuing theory clustering algorithm based on dynamic programming in a home energy management system（ HEMS）. First, the total cost of the HEMS system is divided into two parts, the gateway installation cost and the data transmission cost. Secondly, through comparing two kinds of different queuing theories, the cost problem of the HEMS is converted into the problem of gateway deployment. Finally, a machine-to-machine（ M2M） gateway configuration scheme is designed to minimize the cost of the system. Simulation results showthat the cost of the HEMS system mainly comes from the installation cost of the gateways when the gateway buffer space is large enough. If the gateway buffer space is limited, the proposed queue algorithm can effectively achieve optimal gateway setting while maintaining the minimal cost of the HEMS at desired levels through marginal analyses and the properties of cost minimization.
文摘This article discusses a practical, evidence-based approach to the diagnosis and management of liver cirrhosis by focusing on etiology, severity, presence of complications, and potential home-managed treatments. Relevant literature from 1985 to 2010 (PubMed) was reviewed. The search criteria were peer-reviewed full papers published in English using the following MESH headings alone or in combination: "ascites", "liver fibrosis", "cirrhosis", "chronic hepatitis", "chronic liver disease", "decompensated cirrhosis", "hepatic encephalopathy", "hypertransaminasemia", "liver transplantation" and "portal hypertension". Forty-nine papers were selected based on the highest quality of evidence for each section and type (original, randomized controlled trial, guideline, and review article), with respect to specialist setting (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Internal Medicine) and primary care. Liver cirrhosis from any cause represents an emerging health issue due to the increasing prevalence of the disease and its complications worldwide. Primary care physicians play a key role in early identification of risk factors, in the management of patients for improving quality and length of life, and for preventing complications. Specialists, by contrast, should guide specific treatments, especially in the case of complications and for selecting patient candidates for liver transplantation. An integrated approach between specialists and primary care physicians is essential for providing better outcomes and appropriate home care for patients with liver cirrhosis.
文摘The aim of this study is to examine the effects of family involvement and altruism on agency costs of equity and debt, as well on the performance of small family businesses. To achieve this objective, the authors reviewed the literature on family business. Drawing from agency theory and stewardship theory, the authors also proposed a research model that highlights the links among the variables. In so doing, this paper makes some contributions to the literature in three ways. Firstly, it takes an integrative framework that may help to explain behaviors oriented towards maximizing potential performance within a context in which pro-organizational attitudes co-exist with self-serving motivations. Secondly, it advances the understanding of corporate governance mechanisms in small family businesses, and finally, it deepens the discussion of prior research by advancing a set of propositions based on two theoretical approaches. Thus, the authors believe that a systematic comparison of different contexts provides new insights into small family business governance. The implications and directions for future research are in the last section.
