政府绩效评估的价值渊源:从“效率中心主义”到“新泰勒主义”——兼论当前我国政府绩效评估的价值追求

西方国家政府绩效评估经历了一个由效率导向型评估向结果导向型评估的转型。前者是在传统公共行政范式下,以"政治-行政"二分理论、科学管理理论和理性官僚制为基础的,是坚持传统公共行政"效率中心主义"这一核心价值的产物。后者是以新公共行政和新公共服务理论为基础的,其理论渊源来自于对传统"效率中心主义"及其理论前提的批判,是"新泰勒主义"在政府管理中运用的典范。我国政府绩效评估的价值取向应该结合基本国情和语境,超越西方国家政府绩效评估过程中公平与效率两者的价值交替,结合政府管理创新的根本目标寻求新的定位。

“双减”与应试教育“突围”

当前,“双减”成为各级各类学校改革实践的切实行动。“双减”怎样才能从应试教育中“突围”,本文提出以“升学主义”“管理主义”“功利主义”为突破口,实现“双减”政策的落地实施,将是未来学校管理的一种趋势。

A Master-Slave Blockchain Paradigm and Application in Digital Rights Management

Upon flaws of current blockchain platforms of heavyweight, large capacity of ledger, and time-consuming of synchronization of data, in this paper, we proposed a new paradigm of master-slave blockchain scheme(MSB) for pervasive computing that suitable for general PC, mobile device such as smart phones or PADs to participants in the working of mining and verification, in which we separated traditional blockchain model in 2 layer defined as master node layer and a series of slavery agents layer, then we proposed 2 approaches for partially computing model(PCM) and non-computing of model(NCM) in the MSB blockchain, Finally large amounts of simulations manifest the proposed master-slave blockchain scheme is feasible, extendible and suitable for pervasive computing especially in the 5 G generation environment, and can apply in the DRM-related applications.

A Trust Management Scheme Based on Behavior Feedback for Opportunistic Networks

In the harsh environment where n ode density is sparse, the slow-moving nodes cannot effectively utilize the encountering opportunities to realize the self-organized identity authentications, and do not have the chance to join the network routing. However, considering m ost of the communications in opportunistic networks are caused by forwarding operations, there is no need to establish the complete mutual authentications for each conversation. Accordingly, a novel trust management scheme is presented based on the information of behavior feedback, in order to complement the insufficiency of identity authentications. By utilizing the certificate chains based on social attributes, the mobile nodes build the local certificate graphs gradually to realize the web of "Identity Trust" relationship. Meanwhile, the successors generate Verified Feedback Packets for each positive behavior, and consequently the "Behavior Trust" relationship is formed for slow-moving nodes. Simulation result shows that, by implementing our trust scheme, the d elivery probability and trust reconstruction ratio can be effectively improved when there are large numbers of compromised nodes, and it means that our trust management scheme can efficiently explore and filter the trust nodes for secure forwarding in opportunistic networks.

Rethinking on Scientific Management＇ s Lost Aesthetic

The theory of scientific management exerts a far-reaching influence in the history of management. This paper challenges some one-sided comments on Taylorism and emphasizes more on its cultural implication. By analyzing the key features and background of scientific management, we prove why it appeals to European avant-garde modernists. In the end I expose a forgotten cultural implication of this organizational theory by explaining scientific management＇ s ＂lost＂ aesthetic and make a conclusion.

The Trump Administration＇s Anti-terrorism Policy

Since taking office, the Trump administration's anti-terrorism policy has become increasingly clear. Its anti-terrorism measures and its internal and external anti-terrorism policies have introduced new features that are distinct from those of the Obama administration. These include linking terrorism to Islam, violating traditional political correctness in order to enhance homeland security, sending large-scale troops to the Middle East, and delegating more authority to the US Defense Department and the Armed Forces. Trump's anti-terrorism policies have made obvious progress both at home and abroad. Along with the adjustment of its national security strategy, the status of the anti-terrorism policy in Trump's national security strategy and national defense strategy will decline.However, for the foreseeable future, anti-terrorism will remain an important issue for the Trump Administration, and in some circumstances,the investment for it may increase.

Filling Out Macbeth＇s Appraisal Form： A Deconstructive Re-reading of Shakespeare＇s Macbeth Through Management Studies

Macbeth was wary when he heard the witches out. He deliberated. He dithered. And Lady Macbeth puckered his courage up to the hilt and egged him on to murder. Macbeth murdered. Then he balked. He hallucinated himself out of his wits. Then he went on a rampage to save his own skin. He destroyed in fear of being destroyed. Yet all he ended up doing is losing his peace, his composure, his wife, and finally, his life. The whole of Operation Kingship, if the author may so call the whole business of eliminating Duncan out of the way of the royal throne, failed miserably. Macbeth, on the lookout for power found himself terribly, fearfully beaten, crestfallen, devastated. The million-dollar question then is -what is it that went so very wrong in the whole process？ Critics are often heard to cry his ambition--his ＂overvaulting ambition＂ down as his incorrigible hamartia. But living in the 21st century, one gets to hear that ambition is not bad after all--the higher the ＂ambi-horse＂ vaults, the higher the chances of success is. In this dissertation, the author proposes to analyze Macbeth＇s case from the perspective of management studies. This paper, more than setting forth a literary statement of Macbeth＇s predicament, aims at what management Gurus would love to call a candid SWOT （strength, weakness, opportunity, threat） and STEEPLED （social, technological, economic, educational, political, legal, environmental, and demographic factors） analysis of Macbeth＇s situation to find out where the shoe pinched, whether the whole project crashed because of inefficient leadership, or whether there was no leadership at all, whether organizational strategies were not properly formulated or whether the implementation capsized horribly, thereby making the whole business a rudderless wild goose chase. The discussion necessarily follows up with an insight into what Macbeth lacked as far as Maslow＇s Pyramid of Needs is concerned and what it could have been like, had it been rewritten with a corporate-friendly, management-savvy 21st century protagonist armed with well formulated action plans and stronger inter-personal skills, in the titular lead.

The Transformation of Government Economic Functions in Public Economic Management

Public economics is a science of studying government economic behaviors, and an interdiscipline of politics and economics. As China is at the primary stage of socialism and the development of various domestic causes is still in a period of exploration, it is very important for the reform of the socialist modernization to strengthen domestic administrative management. Society is the subject of national reform and development in the long run, and thus maintaining the stability of domestic social order is not only the prerequisite for the long-term survival and development of China, but also the key requirement of ensuring people to live and work in peace and contentment. This thesis, first of all, introduces the management concept of public economy and the necessity of government＇s involvement in supervising economy. And on the basis of these, the thesis put forward the direction of transforming government economic functions and several precautions that should be noticed in government economic behaviors.

A Comparative Study of the Management Mode of Sino- American Institutions of Higher Learning from the Perspective of the Party-Administrative Power Separation and Operation Mechanism

In this paper, we research on the higher education management mode of China and America based on the perspective of operation mechanism, separation of school and the government. As the thought of higher education management theory or a form, we jump out of the labyrinth of modernism manages view and the introduction of totally different from the modernist paradigm, from the angle of the theory research of postmodernism manages view. The paper is organized as the follows. In the first section, we generally introduce the basic concepts of higher education management and the relationship of the schools and government. Then, by comparing the pattern of the Chinese and the American, we analyze the difference in detail. Finally, we set up the prospect and the conclusion. In conclusion, our method combines the advantages of the American higher education management model which will be meaningful.

The Anime Subculture and Socialist Core Value System

The rise of the anirne subculture assembles the huge youth groups in the construction of the socialist core value system, and provides a new carrier and injected into the innovative dynamic. At the same time, their perverse behavior and exaggerated style of dress and the strange language constitute the alienation and challenges of a core value system. It should strengthen the ideological review and classification management, with the criticism of the mainstream media to enhance the vigilance of the community, as well as through commercial activities to digest rebel style, which is the effective way to promote the core value system.

Sustainable Methods and Techniques in Old and New Public Constructions

This article is about the methods and techniques used in the building ＂retrofit＂ in modernist style designed by the architect Affonso Eduardo Reidy in the fifties, and also about the project of the new Rio de Janeiro MIS （Museum of Image and Sound）, under construction, by The North-American office Diller Scofidio ＋ Renfro, both located in the city of Rio de Janeiro. These constructions present a wide view of the concept of sustainability, not commonly used in public buildings in Brazil. In the building designed by Reidy, which belongs to the State of Rio de Janeiro, the regeneration to host the new headquarters of the State Department of Taxation and Finance respected its original characteristics and used smart and sustainable design techniques, as well as recyclable materials. On the other hand, the project of the new museum at Copacabana Beach was entirely planned on sustainable bases and it includes the application of building techniques concerning that purpose. This article presents a study of these two cases and evaluates the techniques and materials used in one another. Observing the principles of sustainability in construction is a pioneering initiative of the State Government. This article aims at making the scientific community aware of the needs of immediate adoption of sustainability techniques in Civil Engineering, not only in the construction of new buildings, but also in the regeneration of the existing ones, as well as the need of imperious adoption of sustainable techniques when it comes to maintainability.

Do Small Family Firms Outperform Non-family Firms？ A Research Agenda Based on Agency and Stewardship Theories＊

The aim of this study is to examine the effects of family involvement and altruism on agency costs of equity and debt, as well on the performance of small family businesses. To achieve this objective, the authors reviewed the literature on family business. Drawing from agency theory and stewardship theory, the authors also proposed a research model that highlights the links among the variables. In so doing, this paper makes some contributions to the literature in three ways. Firstly, it takes an integrative framework that may help to explain behaviors oriented towards maximizing potential performance within a context in which pro-organizational attitudes co-exist with self-serving motivations. Secondly, it advances the understanding of corporate governance mechanisms in small family businesses, and finally, it deepens the discussion of prior research by advancing a set of propositions based on two theoretical approaches. Thus, the authors believe that a systematic comparison of different contexts provides new insights into small family business governance. The implications and directions for future research are in the last section.

Brief discussion on the financial cost management in China＇s private enterprises

With the current development and progress of the socialist marketing economy, the number of the private enterprises in our country increases constantly, and the development scale has been expanded constantly, which has become an important component for China＇s national economy, and making a huge contribution to promote the increase of China＇s national economy. In order to occupy a development location among the fierce market competition and expand the market share, the private enterprises in our country make many efforts constantly, such as strengthening and promotion of the internal management concept and the management mode, etc., which really obtains an obvious achievement and progress, however, due to the restriction of the various reasons, there are still many realistic problems existing in the financial cost management for the private enterprises, which restricts the sustainable, modern and scientific development step greatly, for the method on improving the financial cost management level in China＇s private enterprises and the guarantee of the pertinence and the efficiency for the financial cost management measures to be implemented in the private enterprises, it becomes the key problems which needs to be solved by the private enterprises currently.

Participation in the Higher Education Chamber [CESJ of the National Education Council （：CNE） During the Administration of Fernando Henrique Cardoso

After the creation of the Law 9.394/96, which established the bases of Brazilian education, it is noted that government policies initiated at Fernando Henrique Cardoso （FHC） government reinforced the education decentralization process, combining higher education reform with state reform ruled by neoliberal policies. The literature about Higher Education contemporary problems points to three central themes： access to higher education, academic organization, and public universities privatization. Therefore, it is important to analyze the public space of relationship between state and civil society constituted for making decisions in this area because its deliberations directly affect public policy development. This paper aims to examine the capacity of Higher Education Chamber （CES） of the National Education Council （CNE） to consolidate civil society participation in decision-making issues concerning Higher Education in the period that includes 1997-2002, The CNE was selected because it is the highest forum for participation： it discusses the problems involved in national education, especially in higher education, whose decisions are taken by CES. The period 1997-2002 was defined because it is the period of President FHC government, after the creation of Law 9.394/96. The official documents and Council documents analysis showed that this public space consolidates the participation because there is an educational process of recognition of civil society issues, although there are restrictions imposed by the government.

Land Grab and Land Grant:Contextualizing Landscape Justice in Social Forestry in Indonesia

Social forestry has emerged as a popular approach to achieving landscape justice by empowering local communities.However,the development and implementation of such programs often face challenges.This paper explores the concept of landscape justice within the context of Indonesian social forestry in two ways.First,it juxtaposes the social forestry program with palm oil plantations to highlight the relationship between environmental initiatives and capital expansion,and the formation of green capitalism.By examining the historical development of social forestry,the paper argues that current political and legal frameworks have facilitated the depoliticization of previously radical,anti-capitalist,and anti-palm oil civil movements,despite notionally“empowering”local communities.Second,the paper interrogates the inclusivity of the social forestry program within local communities,noting that NGOs sometimes label local people as“cooperative”or“stubborn,”thus overlooking the pre-existing social tensions.The paper posits that more attention should be given to the social foundations underlying environmental projects and the new eco-social structure arising from environmental governance.

Formal Analysis of Authentication in 802.11i

Authentication is the basis of the security of IEEE 802.11i standard. The authentication process in 802.11i involves two important protocols： a 4-way handshake and a group key handshake. A formal analysis of authentication in 802.11i is given via a belief multisets formalism. The analysis shows that the 4-way handshake and the group key handshake may provide satisfactory mutual authentication, key management, and issue of a new group temporal key from an access point to a user device, under the guarantee of mutual possession of a confidential palrwise master key. The analysis also shows that there exists a denial of service attack in the 4-way handshake and some seeming redundancies are useful in the protocol implementation.