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也谈“管理信息系统”课程教学改革 被引量:17
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作者 董颖 《浙江科技学院学报》 CAS 2004年第1期53-56,共4页
从社会需求的背景出发,探讨了我国现阶段管理信息系统的课程教学问题,并分析了其中的症结所在,由此提出改革教学体系、教学内容、教学方法的一些思路和建议。
关键词 “管理信息系统” 教学改革 课程建设 教学内容 MIS 教学课件 课堂讨论
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创客思维导向的经管类专业“管理信息系统”课程实践教学探究 被引量:6
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作者 朱晓莉 陈蓉 周金华 《江苏科技信息》 2020年第5期68-71,共4页
创客教育是信息技术使能的实践场,文章将创客教育模式与"管理信息系统"课程深度融合,构建基于开放创新、探究体验的教育理念的经管类专业"管理信息系统"课程实践教学体系,以创客思维为导向,整合"管理信息系统&... 创客教育是信息技术使能的实践场,文章将创客教育模式与"管理信息系统"课程深度融合,构建基于开放创新、探究体验的教育理念的经管类专业"管理信息系统"课程实践教学体系,以创客思维为导向,整合"管理信息系统"课程实践教学大纲,设计实践任务递推式问题,为学生提供创客资讯,开源硬件平台资源。培养经管专业的"创客",增强大学生的创客思维意识与提升信息技术实践能力。 展开更多
关键词 创客思维 实践教学 “管理信息系统” 经管类专业
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“管理信息系统”课程思政教学探究 被引量:2
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作者 程霞 《西部素质教育》 2022年第24期46-49,共4页
文章首先阐述了“管理信息系统”课程思政教学目标,然后说明了“管理信息系统”课程思政教学总体设计,接着论述了“管理信息系统”课程思政教学资源开发,最后提出了“管理信息系统”课程思政教学实施策略。
关键词 “管理信息系统”课程 课程思政 教学资源
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A+课堂派在混合式教学中的实践研究——以“管理信息系统”课程教学为例 被引量:4
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作者 张巨通 魏建琴 韩雅鸣 《西部素质教育》 2018年第18期110-111,131,共3页
文章首先介绍了"管理信息系统"课程和A+课堂派,然后提出了课堂派在"管理信息系统(实验)"混合式教学方面的实践,其中"管理信息系统"的实践包括成员管理、考勤管理、资料及公告的发布、课堂表现、课后测试... 文章首先介绍了"管理信息系统"课程和A+课堂派,然后提出了课堂派在"管理信息系统(实验)"混合式教学方面的实践,其中"管理信息系统"的实践包括成员管理、考勤管理、资料及公告的发布、课堂表现、课后测试、成绩管理,"管理信息系统实验"的实践包括成员管理、发布实验卡片、实验报告的收取和批阅。 展开更多
关键词 混合式教学 A+课堂派 “管理信息系统”课程
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“管理信息系统”双语教学探讨——以同济大学浙江学院工商管理专业为例 被引量:2
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作者 张陈杰 陈灿 胡小玲 《西部素质教育》 2018年第11期155-156,共2页
文章通过教学实践与问卷调查从授课对象基本情况、双语课程必要性、教学方式与方法、学生投入和考查方式等方面调查"管理信息系统"双语教学的教学进展情况,最后对应用型大学双语课程的教学改进进行探讨。
关键词 “管理信息系统” 双语课程 教学方法 考查方式
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转型期经管专业管理信息系统课程教改研究
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作者 王宏 《黑龙江教育(高教研究与评估)》 2013年第6期43-44,共2页
随着产业结构调整和经济转型,我国高等教育也步入快速发展的新时期。为了适应转型时期人才培养的需要",管理信息系统"课程教学改革势在必行。从经济管理类本科专业管理信息系统课程教学面临的问题入手,提出了从教材内容、教... 随着产业结构调整和经济转型,我国高等教育也步入快速发展的新时期。为了适应转型时期人才培养的需要",管理信息系统"课程教学改革势在必行。从经济管理类本科专业管理信息系统课程教学面临的问题入手,提出了从教材内容、教学形式、考核方法等方面进行教学改革的建议。 展开更多
关键词 转型 “管理信息系统” 教学改革
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Rocky Desertification Dynamic Analysis and the Development of Management Information System 被引量:12
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作者 颜学莉 谢世友 《Agricultural Science & Technology》 CAS 2008年第2期45-48,92,共5页
With the background of severe rocky desertification in the west of China and the ohjective of ecological environment construction and poverty elimination, the management information system of rocky desertification was... With the background of severe rocky desertification in the west of China and the ohjective of ecological environment construction and poverty elimination, the management information system of rocky desertification was designed according to the natural and humane characteristics in Nanchuan of Sichuan Province. The system was composed of data management module, information query module for rocky desertification, spatial analysis module and dynamic monitoring module. 展开更多
关键词 Rocky desertification Inforumtion system Dynamic analysis Nanchuan
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Forest Resources Management Information System for Forest Farms Based on Remote Sensing Images and Web GIS 被引量:2
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作者 魏海林 黄璜 《Agricultural Science & Technology》 CAS 2015年第4期832-835,共4页
This study was to estabIish the forest resources management information system for forest farms based on the B/S structural WebGIS with trial forest farm of Hunan Academy of Forestry as the research field, forest reso... This study was to estabIish the forest resources management information system for forest farms based on the B/S structural WebGIS with trial forest farm of Hunan Academy of Forestry as the research field, forest resources field survey da-ta, ETM+ remote sensing data and basic geographical information data as research material through the extraction of forest resource data in the forest farm, require-ment analysis on the system function and the estabIishment of required software and hardware environment, with the alm to realize the management, query, editing, analysis, statistics and other functions of forest resources information to manage the forest resources. 展开更多
关键词 WEBGIS Remote sensing image WEBGIS Forest resource Management infor-matlon system
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Second-Order Consensus of Multiple Agents with Coupling Delay 被引量:5
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作者 SU Hou-Sheng ZHANG Wei 《Communications in Theoretical Physics》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2009年第1期101-109,共9页
In this paper, we investigate two kinds of second-order consensus algorithms for multiple agents with coupling delay under general fixed directed information topology. Stability analysis is performed based on Lyapunov... In this paper, we investigate two kinds of second-order consensus algorithms for multiple agents with coupling delay under general fixed directed information topology. Stability analysis is performed based on Lyapunov- Krasovskii functional method. Delay-dependent asymptotical stability condition in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) is derived for the second-order consensus algorithm of delayed dynamical networks. Both delay-independent and delay-dependent asymptotical stability conditions in terms of LMIs are derived for the second-order consensus algorithm with information feedback. 展开更多
关键词 CONSENSUS time delay linear matrix inequality multi-agent systems
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STUDY OF SETTING UP THE FOREST RESOURCES MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM BASED ON WEBGIS 被引量:7
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作者 WU Su-li, LOU Quan-sheng, QUAN Zhi-jie, LI Xiao-jun (Northwest Sci-tech University of Agriculture and Forestry, Xi’an 712100, P. R. China) 《Chinese Geographical Science》 SCIE CSCD 2003年第1期56-61,共6页
Based on an analysis of the characteristics of the Forest Resources Management Information System of each development phase, and consideration of the technical trend in Geographic Information System (GIS) in the Inter... Based on an analysis of the characteristics of the Forest Resources Management Information System of each development phase, and consideration of the technical trend in Geographic Information System (GIS) in the Internet Age, this paper explores the importance and the feasibility of setting up Forest Resources Management Information System based on the WEBGIS. At the same time, based on the experience of our study, the paper explores the function, structure and method of developing the Forest Resources Management Information System based on WEBGIS. With the technology of WEBGIS, the Forest Resources Management Information System with data from Huoditang Farm was set up, which makes a great impact on forest resources management. So setting up the Forest Resources Management Information System based on WEBGIS is a trend of forest resources management. In the course of setting up this system, we must pay attention to following questions: 1) unify data standard and information encoding; 2) change mind. 展开更多
关键词 WEBGIS forest resources management information system
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Model Warehouse 被引量:3
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作者 YU Zhiwen 《Geo-Spatial Information Science》 2003年第1期62-65,共4页
This paper puts forward a new conception:model warehouse,analyzes the reason why model warehouse appears and introduces the characteristics and architecture of model warehouse.Last,this paper points out that model war... This paper puts forward a new conception:model warehouse,analyzes the reason why model warehouse appears and introduces the characteristics and architecture of model warehouse.Last,this paper points out that model warehouse is an important part of WebGIS. 展开更多
关键词 model warehouse MODEL INTEGRATION Web GIS
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Crohn's disease genotypes of patients in remission vs relapses after infliximab discontinuation 被引量:1
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作者 Cathy Lu Alistair Waugh +12 位作者 Robert J Bailey Raeleen Cherry Levinus A Dieleman Leah Gramlich Kata Matic Mario Millan Karen I Kroeker Daniel Sadowski Christopher W Teshima Dennis Todoruk Clarence Wong Karen Wong Richard N Fedorak 《World Journal of Gastroenterology》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2012年第36期5058-5064,共7页
AIM: To investigate genetic differences between Crohn's disease (CD) patients with a sustained remission vs relapsers after discontinuing infliximab while in cortico- steroid-free remission. METHODS: Forty-eight ... AIM: To investigate genetic differences between Crohn's disease (CD) patients with a sustained remission vs relapsers after discontinuing infliximab while in cortico- steroid-free remission. METHODS: Forty-eight CD patients received infliximab and were in full corticosteroid-free clinical remission but then discontinued infliximab for reasons other than a loss of response, were identified by review of an electronic database and charts. Infliximab-associated remis- sion was defined as corticosteroid-free plus normaliza- tion of clinical disease activity [CD activity index (CDAI) 〈 150] during follow-up visits based on physician global assessments. A CD relapse (loss of infliximab-induced remission) was clinically defined as a physician visit for symptoms of disease activity (CDAI 〉 220) and a thera- peutic intervention with CD medication(s), or a hospital- ization with complications related to active CD. Genetic analyses were performed on samples from 14 patients (n = 6 who had a sustained long term remission after stopping infliximab, n -- 8 who rapidly relapsed after stopping infliximab). Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2)/caspase activation recruitment do- main 15 (CARD15) polymorphisms (R702W, G908R and L1007fs) and the inflammatory bowel disease 5 (IBDS) polymorphisms (IGR2060a1 and IGR3081a1) were ana- lyzed in each group. RESULTS: Five single nucleotide polymorphisms of IBD5 and NOD2/CARD15 genes were successfully analyzed for all 14 subjects. There was no signifcant increase in frequency of the NOD2/CARD15 polymor- phisms (R702W, G908R and L1007fs) and the IBD5 polymorphisms (IGR2060al and IGR3081a1) in either group of patients; those whose disease relapsed rap- idly or those who remained in sustained long term remission following the discontinuation of infliximab. Nearly a third of patients in full clinical remission who stopped infliximab for reasons other than loss of re- sponse remained in sustained clinical remission, while two-thirds relapsed rapidly. There was a marked dif- ference in the duration of clinical remission following discontinuance of infliximab between the two groups. The patients who lost remission did so after 1.0 years 4- 0.6 years, while those still in remission were at the time of this study, 8.1 years 4- 2.6 years post-discon- tinuation of infliximab, P 〈 0.001. The 8 patients who had lost remission after discontinuing infiiximab had a mean number of 5 infusions (range 3-7), with a mean treatment time of 7.2 mo (range 1.5 mo-15 mo). The mean duration of time from the last infusion of inflix- imab to the time of loss of remission was 382 d (range 20 d-701 d). The 6 patients who remained in remission after discontinuing infliximab had a mean number of 6 infusions (range 3-12), with a mean treatment dura- tion of 12 mo (range 3.6 mo-32 too) (P = 0.45 relative to those who lost remission). CONCLUSION: There are no IBD5 or NOD2/CARD15 mutations that predict which patients might have sus- tained remission and which will relapse rapidly after stopping infliximab. 展开更多
关键词 INFLIXIMAB Anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha Crohn's disease Inflammatory bowel disease GENOTYPE
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Characterization of foreign grain on 6H-SiC facet 被引量:1
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作者 王英民 李娟 +3 位作者 宁丽娜 高玉强 胡小波 徐现刚 《Journal of Central South University》 SCIE EI CAS 2009年第3期344-348,共5页
6H-SiC single crystals were grown by sublimation method. It is found that foreign grains occur frequently on the facets of the crystals. To characterize the foreign grain, a longitudinal and a sectional cut samples we... 6H-SiC single crystals were grown by sublimation method. It is found that foreign grains occur frequently on the facets of the crystals. To characterize the foreign grain, a longitudinal and a sectional cut samples were prepared by standard mechanical processing method. Raman spectrum confirms that the foreign grain is actually a mis-oriented 6H-SiC grain. The surface structure of the foreign grain was studied by chemical etching and optical microscopy. It is shown that etch pits in foreign grain region take the shape of isosceles triangle, which are different from those in mono-crystalline region, and high density stacking faults are observed on the surface of the foreign grain. The orientation of foreign grain surface is determined to be (10]-4) plane by back-scattering X-ray Laue image. The X-ray powder diffraction reveals that the powder is partly graphitized after a long crystal growth rim. Therefore it is believed that the loss of Si results in the formation of C inclusions, which is responsible for the nucleation of foreign grain in the facet region. 展开更多
关键词 6H-SIC surface morphology foreign grain sublimation method
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Towards Understanding Paleosols in Southern Levantine Eolianites:Integration of Micromorphology,Environmental Magnetism and Mineralogy 被引量:1
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作者 Alexander Tsatskin Tatyana S.Gendler +2 位作者 Friedrich Heller Igal Dekman Gitti L.Frey 《Journal of Mountain Science》 SCIE CSCD 2009年第2期113-124,共12页
The paper addresses the controversial question of the role of clay-sized dust in the formation of paleosols in coastal eolianites, Israel. At the Habonim type section, the pedocomplex dated by archaeology and luminesc... The paper addresses the controversial question of the role of clay-sized dust in the formation of paleosols in coastal eolianites, Israel. At the Habonim type section, the pedocomplex dated by archaeology and luminescence to 45-135 ka ago shows at least three paleosols, not separated by non-soil sediments. The oldest reddish paleosol (apparently related to MIS 5) is magnetically enhanced, leached from carbonates, with signs of bioturbation and strongly aged clay coatings. The reddening is due to very fine, -20 nm, poorly crystallized, superparamagnetic (SP) hematite, as determined by Mossbauer studies. In subsoil, lithorelics of eolianite are found. Over time, the soil surface aggraded due to accelerated fine dust accumulation alongside local slope wash. On younger materials formed magnetically depleted vertisols, dominated by smectite-type expandable paramagnetic clays. In thin sections, vertisols exhibit strong stipple-speckled and striated b-fabric due to shrink-swell processes, impregnative calcite nodules and Fe-Mn redistribution. The uppermost hydric vertisol shows the strongest expression of juxtaposed features of recurrent calcite and Fe precipitation. This paleosol developed on colluvial soil materials, as evidenced by mixing of clay coated and uncoated grains of quartz and calcite allochems. M6ssbauer spectra show high amounts of Fe(III) incorporated in the clay structure, low amounts of SP goethite and absence of SP hematite. Whilst magnetic susceptibility drops in vertisols to minimal values, increase. The latter along ferrimagnetie grain sizes with differences in the hierarchy of microfabric features is taken as indication for lithologic discontinuities which may have resulted from continuous, albeit variable and low-intensity, input of eolian clay from both remote Saharan and local sources, roughly dated to the earlier to middle part of the Last Glacial. 展开更多
关键词 Coastal sand loess deposition microfabrie hierarchy magnetic enhancement paramagnetic phyllosilicates MSssbauer effect
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Global Memory Net and the development of digital image information management system: Experience and practice 被引量:4
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作者 ZHANG Sheng-qiang CHEN Ching-chih 《Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering)》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2005年第11期1216-1220,共5页
Global Memory Net (GMNet) is intended to be an effective gateway to the world cultural, historical, and heritage image collections from selected academic educational and research partners in the world. Much of these u... Global Memory Net (GMNet) is intended to be an effective gateway to the world cultural, historical, and heritage image collections from selected academic educational and research partners in the world. Much of these unique collections of great value to education and research are not currently accessible due to distance, form, and technical barriers. This project is to find new ways to enable users to access and exploit these significant research collections via global network. As GMNet is ending its first 5-year phase in October 2005, it has contributed substantially to the community building in digital library development by ac- commodating numerous collaborators and technical staff from various parts of the world to spend 3 to 5 months as a full-member of the GMNet team in Boston. They have come from different parts of China—such as Sichuan, Hainan, Shanghai and Xi’an; Croatia; and Hanoi, Vietnam. In addition to contribute to the overall system development and enhancement of system function- alities, they have brought valuable sample image collections of their own institutions/countries, and actually developed prototype collections as a part of GMNet. This paper describes the exciting and productive experience of the first of this visiting research group in developing the GMNet’s Version 2.0 PHP-based system under Prof. Chen’s overall supervision. It also describes both the system’s technical level structure—user/Web-based application/data, and complex functionalities with multi-collection, multi-lingual, multi-modal searching capabilities; system management capabilities; as well as provisions for user uploads and retrieval for our own projects. This Version 2.0 system is built on the Linux/Apache/PHP/MySQL platform. What is described in this paper is an actual case which has formed a base for further new development by others in the research group. It demonstrates fully the value of the synergistic collaboration among global partners for universal digital library development. More information can be found in http://www.memorynet.org/. 展开更多
关键词 Global Memory Net (GMNet) Collaboration Digital image library system development Management system Cultural Historical Heritage collections
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DESIGN OF FARMLAND GIS FOR PRECISION AGRICULTURE 被引量:2
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作者 AN Kai, XIE Gao-di, LENG Yun-fa, XIAO Yu (Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P. R. China) 《Chinese Geographical Science》 SCIE CSCD 2003年第1期20-24,共5页
Precision Agriculture, also known as Precision Farming, or Prescription Farming, is a modern agriculture technology system, which brings ' precision' into agriculture system. All concepts of Precision Agricult... Precision Agriculture, also known as Precision Farming, or Prescription Farming, is a modern agriculture technology system, which brings ' precision' into agriculture system. All concepts of Precision Agriculture are established on the collection and management of variable cropland information. As the tool of collecting, managing and analyzing spatial data, GIS is the key technology of integrated Precision Agriculture system. This article puts forward the concept of Farmland GIS and designs Farmland GIS into five modules, and specifies the functions of the each module, which builds the foundation for practical development of the software. The study and development of Farmland GIS will propel the spreading of Precision Agriculture technology in China. 展开更多
关键词 precision agriculture farmland GIS site-specific crop management prescription map
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Landform Planation Index Extracted from DEMs: A Case Study in Ordos Platform of China 被引量:3
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作者 QIAN Yeqing XIONG Liyang +1 位作者 LI Jilong TANG Guoan 《Chinese Geographical Science》 SCIE CSCD 2016年第3期314-324,共11页
Planation surface, a surface that is almost flat, is a kind of low-relief landforms. Planation surface is the consequence of the denudation and planation processes under a tectonic stable condition. The quantitative e... Planation surface, a surface that is almost flat, is a kind of low-relief landforms. Planation surface is the consequence of the denudation and planation processes under a tectonic stable condition. The quantitative expression of the characteristics of planation surface plays a key role in reconstructing and describing the evolutionary process of landforms. In this study, Landform Planation Index(LPI), a new terrain derivative, was proposed to quantify the characteristics of planation surface. The LPIs were calculated based on the summit surfaces formed according to the clustering results of peaks. Ten typical areas in the Ordos Platform located in the central part of the Loess Plateau of China are chosen as the test areas for investigating their planation characteristics with the LPI. The experimental results indicate that the LPI can be effectively used to quantify the characteristics of planation surfaces. In addition, the LPI can be further used to depict the patterns of spatial differentiation in the Ordos Platform. Although the present Ordos Platform area is full of the high-density gullies, its planation characteristics is found to be well preserved. Furthermore, the characteristics of the planation surfaces can also reflect the original morphology of the Ordos Platform before the loess dusts deposition process evolved in this area. The statistical results of the LPI show that there is a gradually increasing tendency along with the increasing of slope gradient of summit surface. It indicates that the characteristics of planation surfaces vary among test areas with different landforms. These findings help to deepen the understanding of planation characteristics of the loess landform and its underlying paleotopography. Results of this study can be also served as an important theoretical reference value for revealing the evolutionary process of loess landform. 展开更多
关键词 Landform Planation Index(LPI) peak summit surface Digital Elevation Model(DEM) Ordos Platform China
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Paleoclimatic record from Chumbur-Kosa section in Sea of Azov region since Marine Isotope Stage 11 被引量:1
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作者 LIANG Ye YANG Tai-bao +6 位作者 Andrey Aleksevitch VELICHKO ZENG Biao SHI Pei-hong WANG Lin-dong HE Yi CHEN Jie CHEN Yu 《Journal of Mountain Science》 SCIE CSCD 2016年第6期985-999,共15页
Abstract: Loess-paleosol sequences preserve records of climatic change during the Quaternary, which is important for paleoclimate study. In this study, a loess-palaeosol sequence from the Chumbur- Kosa (CK) site in... Abstract: Loess-paleosol sequences preserve records of climatic change during the Quaternary, which is important for paleoclimate study. In this study, a loess-palaeosol sequence from the Chumbur- Kosa (CK) site in the Sea of Azov region was investigated to reconstruct climatic variability during the Marine Isotope Stage (MIS)11- MIS 1, using proxies of grain size (GS), magnetic susceptibility (xlf and Xfd(%)), carbonate content (CaCO3%) and soil color The results enabled formulation of a detailed description of the climatic characteristics related to each individual layer. The sequence indicates that the paleoclimate shifted progressively towards increasingly cooler, somewhat drier conditions. The CK section may thus be ideal for reconstructing climatie eondifions during the Middle and Late Pleistocene in the Sea of Azov region. However, the )Of value of paleosol $2 in the CK profile indicates different characteristics from the other paleosol layers, dilution of carbonate resulting from carbonate leaching in L2 may be the main reason for the decrease in magnetic susceptibility. Furthermore, through simple analysis part of the environmental evolution process in the Sea of Azov region and Serbia during Middle and Late Pleistocene cycles. The climate cycle expressed by Xfd(%) and Xlf variations show similar patterns, with rapidly alternating cold and warm intervals. Nevertheless, although the two areas had different climatic regimes, geographical settings, and loess source areas, both exhibited similar climate change trends since the MIS 11. 展开更多
关键词 LOESS PALEOSOL Magnetic susceptibility PALEOCLIMATE Sea of Azov
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Development of component geographic information systems applying in forest resources management 被引量:4
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作者 QIHong YUSu-fang FANWen-yi 《Journal of Forestry Research》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2005年第1期47-51,i003,共6页
The history, current situation, and development trend of GIS (Geographic Information System) applied in the forest resources management were discussed in this paper. On the basis of geographic spatial characteristics ... The history, current situation, and development trend of GIS (Geographic Information System) applied in the forest resources management were discussed in this paper. On the basis of geographic spatial characteristics of forest resources data, a component geographic information system (ComGIS) was developed for forest resources management. The system embeds a GIS ActiveX control MapObjects (Inc. ESRI) on Visual C++ platform. System design, data organization and achieving way were studied and expatiated by taking Xigangzi Forestry Centre as study object. The system has many useful functions,, such as adding and display of various map layers, zoom of map by wheeling mouse, attribute and spatial data querying, map auto roaming, features rendering based on the spatial trait of data, label controlling through attribute data band with vector graph, as well as output of 'Column chart' for showing the result of statistics. At the same time, parts of source codes are attached. 展开更多
关键词 GIS COMGIS Forest resources management MAPOBJECTS Visual C++
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Management Agility Depends on Well-Renovated IT Infrastructure 被引量:1
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作者 Masaru Furukawa Akira Minami 《Computer Technology and Application》 2012年第8期564-577,共14页
Today management agility as an inter-corporate competitive advantage cannot be realized unless given all of the following quickness: (a) quick recognition of changes in the management environment, (b) quick decis... Today management agility as an inter-corporate competitive advantage cannot be realized unless given all of the following quickness: (a) quick recognition of changes in the management environment, (b) quick decision-making on countermeasures against these changes, and (c) quick implementation of the countermeasures chosen. With a focus on (c) and assuming flexibility as a core property that an MIS (Management Information System) should have to make management agile, this study aims to clarify how MIS flexibility could be enhanced. With this aim in mind, the authors will first survey the sources and types of change demands on an MIS and consider in a structured way the flexibility characteristics of an MIS, enhancement of which will conduce to its efficiency in dealing with these change demands. With this groundwork laid, the authors will go on to discuss practical methods to enhance MIS flexibility, and wind up their discussion by presenting the evaluation procedure for this property. 展开更多
关键词 IT (information technology) infrastructure MIS (management information system) flexibility MIS evaluation penalty of change.
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