“纳米”技术在养殖业中的应用

(一)“纳米”的概念 “纳米”是一个长度单位的名称,又名毫微米。将1米分为100份,每份为1厘米;分为1000份,每份为1毫米;若分为10亿份,则每份称为1纳米,即1纳米等于10亿分之1米。 物质被用“纳米”技术“细化”

出水断电“8”字内胆超薄设计“纳米”技术这四种电热水器好不好

最近有很多读者给杂志社来信,问“出水断电、“8”字内胆、“纳米”、超薄“这四种机型真的好吗?解决了热水器的关键问题吗?看来,这些问题已经引起了太多人的关注,不回答这些问题是不行了。为此,本刊记者特意走访了一些专家,业内人士认为:不可否认,一些技术是解决了热水器中现存在的个别问题,但都是建立在一定条件上的解决,是以牺牲热水器的其它性能指标为代价,有很大的局限性。仔细想来,这些都是厂家寻求卖点的一种“炒作”手段,从某种意义上也算是对消费者的一种误导。作为业内人士,无论是厂商,还是经销商,都还应该从消费者的切身利益出发,生产、开发出能解决热水器主要功能问题的优质热水器,让热水器的技术、主要功能向着正确的研发方向发展。

纳米饲料在断奶仔猪生产中的应用研究

纳米技术是指通过物理、化学和微乳液法等方法在量度1～100nm范围内研究原子、分子的结构及相互作用的技术，物质被用“纳米”技术“细化”之后，即失去原有的特性，直接以原子、分子及物质在纳米尺度上表现出新的物理、化学和生物学特性，是20世纪90年代初发展起来的前沿、交叉性新兴学科，被公认为21世纪最具有前瞻性的科研领域。饲料营养物质在纳米状态下，由于暴露在颗粒表面的原子数大大增加，其理化特性完全改变，不仅营养价值大幅度提高，还可以吸附饲料中的有害有毒物质，清除动物体内的自由基，显著改善动物体内代谢和机体免疫能力，提高动物源性食品的质量与安全性。

PPG纳米陶瓷清漆D8105巴黎摘金

PPG的革命性产品CeramiClear纳米陶瓷清漆D8105，近日于巴黎汽车设备展期间举行的国际汽车大奖中获得技术创新金奖（配件类）。CeramiClear纳米陶瓷清漆D8105拥有PPG研发的专利高端“纳米”技术，可使涂料表层形成紧密连接的分子系统，从而表现出高超的抗水洗和抗环境因素影响的能力。据悉，评委认为PPG CeramiClear纳米陶瓷清漆D8105是清漆的最佳选择，易于使用且快干坚固是其最显著的特点。

Preparation and evaluation of As_2O _3 nanoparticles for treatment of human liver cancer cells in vitro

This paper studies the preparation method of As_2O_3 nanoparticles and theirantitumor effect on human liver cancer cells. As_2O_3 nanoparticles were prepared by sol-gel method.As_2O_3 nanoparticles were characterized by transmission electron microscope ( TEM), energydispersive spectrometer ( EDS) and computer color magic image analysis system (CMIAS). A methylthiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay and a flow cytometry (FCM) assay were performed to examine theantitumor effect of As_2O_3 nanoparticlesat various concentrations(1, 2, 5, 10 mumol/L). We alsocompared the antitumor effect of As_2O_3 nanoparticles with that of As_2O_3 solution. The averagediameters of two kinds of As_2O_3 nanoparticles prepared were about 80 nm and 40 nm. It wasidentified that the prepared nanoparticles were As_2O_3 and there were no other components by EDS.After 48 h of treatment with As_2O_3 nanoparticles, the survival ratio of cells was significantlylower than that of the As2O3 solution with the same concentration(P < 0. 05). Experimental resultsdemonstrate that by sol-gel method As_2O_3 can be prepared into nanoparticles. As_2O_3 nanoparticlescan produce a better cytotoxic effect on tumor cells than the As_2O_3 solution.

FABRICATION OF Bi NANOWIRE ARRAY BY ELECTRODEPOSITION TECHNOLOGY

In the fabrication of Bi nanowire array thermoelectric materials,electrodeposition technology has been used to deposit bismuth into the nanopores of anodic alumina porous films.The experiments show that the temperature significantly affects the electrodepositing process,and the simple form of Bi 3+ in the solutions is helpful to the deposition of metal Bi.The pulse plating technique is necessary for the electrodeposition because of the diffusive difficulty of Bi 3+ into the nanopores of the films.The XRD analysis indicates that Bi nanowire arrays have been manufactured by this technology.

Fabrication of Sub-20nm Metal Nanogaps from Nanoconnections by the Extended Proximity Effect

We describe the fabrication of metal nanogaps of sub-20nm in feature size using the proximity effect in electron beam lithography （EBL）. The proximity effect is extended to develop a flexible and practical method for preparing metal （e. g. Au or Ag） nanogaps and arrays in combination with a transfer process （e. g., deposition/lift-off）. Different from the direct gap-writing process,the nanogap precursor structures （nanoconnections） were designed by GDSII software and then written by electron beam. Following a deposition and lift-off process, the metal nanogaps were obtained and the nanogap size can be lowered to -10nm by controlling the exposure dose in EBL.

A New Technology to Measure the Thermoelectric Performance of Nanowire Array Structure

Recently, the study on one-dimensional thermoelectric materials is getting more and more attention. For those one-dimensional thermoelectric materials with nanowire array structure fabricated with alumina film as template, its thickness is often in the range of 10 to several tens micrometers, and the conventional measurement cannot be used. The key difficulties of the thermoelectric performance measurement for nanowire array materials include two aspects: 1) How to heat the two sides of the specimen uniformly and keep the temperature difference constantly at the same time; 2) How to measure the temperature of the two sides of the specimen with the thickness of 10 to several tens micrometers. A new type heating and temperature measuring technology has been used, and it can be simply described as liquid heating and separate temperature measurement. According to this principle, a thermoelectric performance measurement system has been established.

Potential prospects of nanomedicine for targeted therapeutics in inflammatory bowel diseases

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) such as Crohn's disease are highly debilitating. There are inconsistencies in response to and side effects in the current conventional medications, failures in adequate drug delivery, and the lack of therapeutics to offer complete remission in the presently available treatments of IBD. This suggests the need to explore beyond the horizons of conventional approaches in IBD therapeutics. This review examines the arena of the evolving IBD nanomedicine, studied so far in animal and in vitro models, before comprehensive clinical testing in humans. The investigations carried out so far in IBD models have provided substantial evidence of the nanotherapeutic approach as having the potential to overcome some of the current drawbacks to conventional IBD therapy. We analyze the pros and cons of nanotechnology in IBD therapies studied in different models, aimed at different targets and mechanisms of IBD pathogenesis, in an attempt to predict its possible impact in humans.

Femtosecond-laser direct writing 3D micro/nano-lithography using VIS-light oscillator

Here we report a femtosecond laser direct writing(a precise 3D printing also known as two-photon polymerization lithography) of hybrid organic-inorganic SZ2080^(TM)pre-polymer without using any photo-initiator and applying ~100 fs oscillator operating at 517 nm wavelength and 76 MHz repetition rate. The proof of concept was experimentally demonstrated and benchmarking 3D woodpile nanostructures, micro-scaffolds, free-form micro-object “Benchy” and bulk micro-cubes are successfully produced. The essential novelty underlies the fact that non-amplified laser systems delivering just 40-500 p J individual pulses are sufficient for inducing localized cross-linking reactions within hundreds of nanometers in cross sections. And it is opposed to the prejudice that higher pulse energies and lower repetition rates of amplified lasers are necessary for structuring non-photosensitized polymers. The experimental work is of high importance for fundamental understanding of laser enabled nanoscale 3D additive manufacturing and widens technology’ s field of applications where the avoidance of photo-initiator is preferable or is even a necessity, such as micro-optics, nano-photonics, and biomedicine.

Research and Application of Polymer Nanofibers

Nanometer materials include roughly nanoparticle,nanotube, nanowire, nanofiber, nanofilm and nanoblock, among which nanofiber is defined as material with nanometer-sized diameter and longer than 1 micron in length. The research development of polymer nanofibers, including manufacture methods and properties of some polymer nanofibers as well as their potential applications is reviewed.

Preparation and Characterization of Amorphous Silicon Oxide Nanowires

Large-scale amorphous silicon nanowires (SiNWs) with a diameter about 100 nm and a length of dozens of micrometers on silicon wafers were synthesized by thermal evaporation of silicon monoxide (SiO). Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) observations show that the silicon nanowires are smooth. Selected area electron diffraction (SAED) shows that the silicon nanowires are amorphous and en-ergy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) indicates that the nanowires have the composition of Si and O elements in an atomic ratio of 1:2,their composition approximates that of SiO2. SiO is considered to be used as a Si sources to produce SiNWs. We conclude that the growth mechanism is closely related to the defect structure and silicon monoxide followed by growth through an oxide-assisted vapor-solid reaction.

Load Dependence of Nanohardness in Nitrogen Ion Implanted Ti6Al4V Alloy and Fractal Characterization

Three different nitrogen ion doses were implanted into a Ti6A14V alloy to improve its mechanical surface properties for the application of artificial joints. The titanium nitride phase and nitrogen element distribution profile were characterized with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）. Nano-indentation tests were carried out on the surface of the Ti6A14V alloy and implanted samples on a large scale of applied loads. The XPS analysis results indicate that nitrogen diffuses into the titanium alloy and forms a hard TiN layer on the Ti6A14V alloy. The nanohardness results reveal that nitrogen ion implantation effectively enhances the surface hardness of Ti6A14V. In addition, the nanohardness clearly reveals load dependence over a large segment of the applied loads. Thus a concept of nanohardness fractal dimension is first proposed and the dual fractal model can effectively describe nonlinear deformation in indentation areas on the Ti6A14V surface. The fractal dimension shows a decreased trend in two regions of applied loads, indicating a decrease of the self-similarity complexity in surface indentation owing to an increase in nanohardness after nitrogen ion implantation.

Quantum Dots for Cancer Research:Current Status,Remaining Issues,and Future Perspectives

Cancer is a major threat to public health in the 21st century because it is one of the leading causes of death worldwide.The mechanisms of carcinogenesis,cancer invasion,and metastasis remain unclear.Thus,the development of a novel approach for cancer detection is urgent,and real-time monitoring is crucial in revealing its underlying biological mechanisms.With the optical and chemical advantages of quantum dots(QDs),QD-based nanotechnology is helpful in constructing a biomedical imaging platform for cancer behavior study.This review mainly focuses on the application of QD-based nanotechnology in cancer cell imaging and tumor microenvironment studies both in vivo and in vitro,as well as the remaining issues and future perspectives.

Enhancement of heat radiative characteristics of coatings by ultra-attenuation

The absorption process of radiative heat in its transmission medium and the effect of ultra-attenuation on the radiative characteristics are analyzed in detail. A method of ultra-attenuation to enhance the radiative characteristics of the medium is proposed. It is proved that decreasing the particle size of coatings can increase the transmission depth of radiative heat and get higher emissivity and absorptivity both theoretically and practically. Ultra-attenuation and nanocrystallization will bring a brilliant prospect to the development of radiative coatings.

Electroless Plating of Carbon Nanotubes with Copper

A simple chemical method was employed to coat carbon nanotubes with a layer of copper. Due to the hydrophobic nature, large surface curvature, small diameter and large aspect ratio, it is difficult to gain continuous electroless plating layer on the surface of carbon nanotubes. In this paper, a series methods (oxidization, sensitization and activation) are used to add active sites before electroless plating, and the adjustment of the traditional composition of copper electroless plating bath and operating condition can decelerate electroless plating rate. The samples before and after coating were analyzed using transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The results showed that the surface of carbon nanotubes was successfully coated with continuous layer of copper, which lays a good foundation for applying carbon nanotubes in composites.

A FAULT DETECTION SENSOR FOR CIRCUIT AGING USING DOUBLE-EDGE-TRIGGERED FLIP-FLOP

In nanoscale technology, transistor aging is one of the most critical problems that impact on the reliability of circuits. Aging sensor is a good online way to detect the circuit aging, which performs during the operating time with no influence of the normal operation of circuits. In this paper, a Dou- ble-edge-triggered Detection Sensor for circuit Aging （DSDA） is proposed, which employs data signal of logic circuits as its clock to control the sampling process. The simulation is done by Hspice using 45 nm technology. The results show that this technique is not case of the detection precision is more than 80% under aging fault effectively with the 8% power cost and 30% sensitive to the process variations. The worst the different process variations. It can detect performance cost.

The application of nanotechnology in the improvement of dental composite resins

In this paper, nanotechnology for the improvement of dental composite resins has been reviewed in the background of the existing shortcomings, focusing on the improvement for polymerization shrinkage, anti-bacterial properties and mechanical properties of composite resins. The results show that the use of nanotechnology and nano materials can be an effective method to improve the performance of dental composite resins in a various ways. At last, the paper also discusses the perspective about the dental composite resins.

Advances in drug delivery system for platinum agents based combination therapy

Platinum-based anticancer agents are widely used as first-line drugs in cancer chemotherapy for various solid tumors. However, great side effects and occurrence of resistance remain as the major drawbacks for almost all the platinum drugs developed. To conquer these problems, new strategies should be adopted for platinum drug based chemotherapy. Modern nanotechnology has been widely employed in the delivery of various therapeutics and diagnostic. It provides the possibility of targeted delivery of a certain anticancer drug to the tumor site, which could minimize toxicity and optimize the drug efficacy. Here, in this review, we focused on the recent progress in polymer based drug delivery systems for platinum-based combination therapy.

BiOCl-Bi12O17Cl2 nanocomposite with high visible-light photocatalytic activity prepared by an ultrasonic hydrothermal method for removing dye and pharmaceutical

A BiOCl-Bi12O17Cl2 nanocomposite with a high visible-light response and a low photoinduced electron-hole pair recombination rate was successfully synthesized using an ultrasonic-hydrothermal method.The texture,structure,optical,and photocatalytic properties of the composite were characterized.The results showed that the composite had a sheet flower-like structure with a large specific surface area.Ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflection spectra and photoluminescence spectra showed that the composite had an excellent visible-light response and a low recombination rate of photoinduced electron hole pairs.The photocatalytic property of the composite was evaluated by the removal efficiency of rhodamine B and ciprofloxacin under visible-light illumination.The composite’s reaction rate constant of removing rhodamine B(/ciprofloxacin)was approximately 8.14(/4.94),42.63(/11.91)and 64.66(/36.07)times that of Bi12O17Cl2,P25,and BiOCl,respectively.Furthermore,the composite showed a wide applicable pH range and excellent reusability.Mechanism analysis showed that photogenerated holes played a dominant role and·O2–also contributed to photocatalytic degradation.In summary,this study presents a high-efficiency photocatalyst for wastewater treatment.