Application of New Slope Greening Technology——Reinforced Organic-Material and Plant Seeds Spraying

The research introduced the flowchart of organic-material and plant seeds spraying and a case of ＆quot;Dasi＆quot; Highway, the highway from Daxing to Sinan in Guizhou Province, a part of a National Highway from Hangzhou to Ruili, cal ed Hangrui Highway, slope protection. The flowchart included slope cleaning, net preparation, anchor fixation, adding vegetation-growth plate, spraying organic materi-als, coverage of non-woven fabrics, and maintenance. The technique is proved much efficient in protecting and greening road sideslopes consisting of weathered rocks or hard rocks, which provides a solution for abrupt slope greening technology.

Ecotype and Regional Division of Afforestation Plants in China

The selection of afforestation plants,which is based on the ecotype of afforestatioin plant,is the key of plant engineering. There is not final verdict yet on the standard of ecotype of afforestation plant. According to the presentational feature （regional distribution,Climatic indicator）,ecotype （climatoecological type,edaphic ecotype and biota ecotype） and genetic association of afforestation plant,combined with the experience in the greening practice,the afforesting nursery stock （Arbor and Shrub ） is divided into five ecotypes while the herbaceous plant are divided into three ecotypes.

Sponge-type Composite Vegetation Carpet and Roof Greening Technology

Roof greening is crucial for improving urban eco-environment, showing benefits, ecological y or social y, but it is so hard for investors in terms of capitals or promotion. The research introduced sponge-type composite vegetation carpet techniques and constructionprocess, making a breakthrough in greening form and having formulated a new one.

Dissolving behavior of ammonium paratungstate in(NH_4)_2CO_3-NH_3?H_2O-H_2O system

The effects of temperature, ammonia concentration and ammonium carbonate concentration on the dissolving behavior of ammonium paratungstate were studied in（NH4）2CO3-NH3？H2O-H2O system. The results show that rising temperature, prolonging duration, increasing ammonia concentration and decreasing ammonium carbonate concentration favor dissolving of ammonium paratungstate at temperature below 90 ℃, while the WO3 concentration decreases after a certain time at temperature above 100 ℃. Furthermore, the undissolved tungsten exists in the form of either APT·4 H2O below 90 ℃ or pyrochlore-type tungsten trioxide above 100℃. In dissolving process, the ammonium paratungstate dissolves into paratungstate ions followed by partially converting to tungstate ion, resulting in the coexistence of the both ions. This study may provide a new idea to exploit a novel technique for manufacturing ammonium paratungstate and pyrochlore-type tungsten trioxide.

One-time Shaping Technological System of Lightweight Roof Greening

Lightweight roof greening is an important way for improving urban ecological environment and has good ecological and social benefits, but the investment is- too-high for the investors. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the system of lightweight roof greening. This study introduced a lightweight roof greening mode with low cost, simple construction, rapid formation, good economic benefit and convenient curing.

Effect of iron valence on hydrothermal preparation of pyrochlore-type tungsten oxide

Pyrochlore-type tungsten oxide (PTO), WO3·0.5H2O, is an emerging material with very wide potential applications. The influences of iron valences and the additive amount of ferrous ion on tungsten crystallization ratio and the acceleration mechanism of ferrous ion were investigated when PTO was hydrothermally prepared in aqueous ammonium tungstate solution containing ammonium carbonate. The results show that ferrous ion can remarkably accelerate tungsten crystallization while both elemental iron and ferric ion have little influence on the crystallization. Moreover, the tungsten crystallization ratio increases with increasing the amount of ferrous ions added and reaches the maximum of about 60% with ferrous ion concentration of 16 g/L. FTIR analysis of the spent solution after PTO crystallization shows that ferrous ion can accelerate the conversion of WO4 tetrahedral to WO6 octahedron. Combined with XPS and XRD analyses of the hydrothermal product, the acceleration effect of ferrous ion on tungsten crystallization could basically be attributed to the increase in the interplanar spacing of PTO lattice caused by the incorporation of ferrous ion into PTO crystal lattice. The results presented is conducive to the efficient preparation of PTO powder and cleaner tungsten metallurgy.

Evolution Stages of Oasis Economy and Its Dependence on Natural Resources in Tarim River Basin

This paper examines spatio-temporal characteristics of an oasis economy and its relationship with water and mineral resources in the Tarim River Basin from 1965 to 2005. A spatial autocorrelation model, the center of gravity model, and index system of the regional central city are used to probe the evolution laws of spatial structure of oasis economy. The study finds that: 1) The economic centre of gravity, whose variation track during this period follows linear rate law, was moving from headstream to middle reaches of the Tarim River. 2) Positive spatial autocorrelation which showed a waving and ascending trend of regional economy was significant and the neighbor effect of regional economic growth was strengthened continuously. 3) The regional economic centre was located in Hotan City before 1980, moved to Aksu City during the 1980s and to Korla City after 1990. We conclude that above all, during the recent four decades the evolution of the oasis economy in this region has gone through three stages: a traditional agriculture stage (before 1980), oasis agriculture and agricultural product processing stage (1980–1990) and oasis energy industry stage (after 1990). Furthermore, the dependence degree of the oasis economy on natural resources in different stages are studied by using dominance index, regression model, and grey relation method, which shows that an oasis econ- omy highly depends on water resources in the oasis agriculture and agricultural product processing stage while it de- pends more on mineral resources such as oil and natural gas during the oasis energy industry stage.

Disruption of phytoene desaturase gene results in albino and dwarf phenotypes in Arabidopsis by impairing chlorophyll, carotenoid, and gibberellin biosynthesis

Carotenoids play an important role in many physiological processes in plants and the phytoene desaturase gene （PDS3） encodes one of the important enzymes in the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway. Here we report the identification and analysis of a T-DNA insertion mutant of PDS3 gene. Functional complementation confirmed that both the albino and dwarfphenotypes ofthepds3 mutant resulted from functional disruption of the PDS3 gene. Chloroplast development was arrested at the proplastid stage in thepds3 mutant. Further analysis showed that high level ofphytoene was accumulated in the pds3 mutant. Addition of exogenous GA3 could partially rescue the dwarf phenotype, suggesting that the dwarf phenotype ofthepds3 mutant might be due to GA deficiency. Microarray and RT-PCR analysis showed that disrupting PDS3 gene resulted in gene expression changes involved in at least 20 metabolic pathways, including the inhibition of many genes in carotenoid, chlorophyll, and GA biosynthesis pathways. Our data suggest that the accumulated phytoene in the pds3 mutant might play an important role in certain negative feedbacks to affect gene expression of diverse cellular pathways.

Sensory Evaluation of Winter Cereal Silage

Silage is aimed at conservation of green fodder, with minimal losses and that this kind of food, does not occur formation of toxic compounds for animals. Practical aspects become important when control ＂in loco＂, reflects management practiced in the property. There are different sensory evaluation techniques. The objective of this work was to study the applicability of the German system, now used in sensory evaluation of winter cereals （wheat silage and haylage oats）. For quantitative analysis of silage （pH） that was used potentiometer. In determining the qualitative analysis was used German method adapted. Relating them to sensory characteristics such as smell, texture and color of the fodder saved by assigning a score to each sensory： a ＂key＂ predetermined quality identification. For multiple comparisons for film types tested in oat silages BRS Centauro, the results show that the qualitative sensory attributes evaluated by rating corresponded to the quantitative attributes （pH） evaluated, with no difference. For multiple comparisons in the silages, for all test loads in both wheat genotypes results showed no difference between the qualitative evaluation （sensory） and quantitative.