分享经济治理公共服务供给“缺口”的机理、路径与对策

公共服务供给不足一直是困扰我国发展的重要民生问题。公共服务供给"缺口"的形成主要是由于公共服务供给侧与需求侧不匹配。分享经济作为"互联网+"背景下风靡全球的一种新商业模式,其发展与公共服务的供给治理具有一定的逻辑契合度。文章探讨了分享经济治理公共服务供给"缺口"的内在机理以及我国促进分享经济发展的路径,认为治理公共服务"缺口"应该优化公共服务资源配置机制,科学规制分享经济健康发展;通过分享经济商业模式创造新的公共服务供给模式,改善公共服务行政垄断供给地位,实现公共服务均等化供给。

劳动价值、效用价值“缺口”与泡沫经济

在个体劳动与社会劳动的矛盾运动过程中,劳动价值直接度量人与人之间的"关系",而效用价值需要通过度量人与物之间的"关系"和度量物与人之间的"关系"这两个环节才能完成。商品经济等价值交换的内在实质与市场经济等价格交换的外在表现的矛盾是泡沫经济产生的根源。

GNP“缺口”及相关分析

本文从国民生产总值 GNP 的几个相关概念入手,运用较新的"缺口学"理论,结合中国改革开放前后的具体情况,比较分析了我国的经济发展水平和经济增长情况;运用经济计量学方法探讨了经济转型的通货膨胀成因,以及对我国当前宏观经济形势的分析。

管窥“缺口”之散聚——简析庞薰琹“创新”时期装饰图案的构思

庞薰琹＂创新＂时期装饰图案作品的构思相比较古人在中国传统装饰图案的构思具有其特殊的创造性。本文论述了庞薰琹＂创新＂时期装饰图案构思＂缺口＂的两个要点——＂散＂和＂聚＂,并分析该时期装饰图案作品构思＂散＂和＂聚＂的创新内涵。

给孩子“生长”留一个“缺口”吧

在实施课程改革的今天,我们的数学教学是不是也应该留个"缺口"给学生,给学生多留点想象的余地和再创造的空间?给学生提供一个"消化"、"理解"的时空;一个静心回味的余地,让学生能将新知识进行梳理、融会贯通、加深理解。

能源效率“缺口”的理论、实据与公共政策——基于文献的一个分析

能源效率"缺口"一直是能源经济学中充满争议的问题。新古典经济学家倾向于:在给定的外部条件下,理性的个体一定会充分利用各种信息做出最优的能源效率选择。而能源技术专家认为:存在着一系列的市场障碍阻碍了个体做出"正确"决策,使一些具有成本效率的能源效率技术没有得到充分利用。本文在对文献进行分析的基础上,围绕着对能源效率"缺口"的不同认识展开分析,以研究如何提高用户的能源效率投资水平问题。本文首先建立了一个能源效率的分析框架,用以研究个体的能源效率选择问题;然后对阻碍个体能源效率达到最优水平的各种因素以及能源效率与经济效率之间的关系进行分析;最后考察提高能源效率的公共政策及其成本收益有效性。

自主修复“缺口”,助力专业提升

每一位教师的专业成长过程中,都会有很多急待修复的"缺口",为了更好地使教师自主修复专业成长过程中的"缺口",威信县第二小学充分利用远程信息技术,有计划、有目的地为教师的专业提升铺设一条绿色通道。

籼稻‘93-11’一段基因组序列的完善及分析

超级杂交稻父本93-11的基因组序列测定的完成,为进行作物遗传改良和不同作物之间的比较基因组学研究提供了又一重要序列资源.但是,该基因组序列中还存在很多缺口",为使93-11的基因组序列更加精确,同时提供一些缺口"填补策略和方法,本研究采用PCR扩增、回收克隆测序的方法对该基因组中一段长约160kb、含有6个缺口"的基因组序列进行了完善,并运用相关分子生物学和生物信息学软件进行了详细分析,结果表明:该6个缺口"中,存在1个缺口"估计错误,2个序列拼接错误;缺口"主要位于非编码区,位于编码区的只有1个,其改变了对本处基因的注释,使此基因由原来的9个外显子增加为11个;填补缺口"后,基因密度增加.

PRE-CORROSION FATIGUE NOTCH FACTOR

The notched and smooth specimens of aluminum alloy LC4CS soaked in EXCO solution for different time are tested under the constant amplitude cyclic loading to obtain S-N curves and fatigue notch factors with different pre-corrosion time. By analyzing the corrosion process of LC4CS specimens in EXCO solution, the influ- ence mechanism of corrosion on fatigue notch factor is expounded. Then, a two-parameter model used to describe the change of corrosion fatigue notch factor with time is established and verified by experiment. The results show that the pre-corrosion fatigue notch factor of LC4CS material decreases at first and then increases with the increasing pre-corrosion time. The inflection point appears at the beginning of denudation stage.

A FATIGUE FAILURE CRITERION OF NOTCHED GFRP LAMINATES

A fatigue failure criterion for predicting the fatigue life of notched orthotropic fiber reinforced plasties (FRP) plates based on the concept of stress field intensity (SFI) near the notch root is subjected to further experiments. The investigation is accomplished by obtaining experimental data on the notched specimens of glass fiber reinforced plastics (GFRP) with edged notches under tension tension cyclic loading. The process of initiation and growth of fatigue damage near the notch root is measured by means of the optic system with a computer controlled display (CCD) camera. The experimental results show that the number of loading cycles required to initiate fatigue damage is governed by the stress field intensity.

初中数学教学中应注意的问题

营造“缺口”，创设合理的情境 心理学家韦海墨认为：“学习就是知觉的重组。而知觉的重组遵循的一个重要规律是完形律。”完形律是指当人们有一种心理倾向时，就会尽可能地把被知觉到的东西以完形的形式呈现出来。当学生遇到形式化的数学问题时，便会产生一种心理不平衡的状态——“心理缺口”。

Flow field simulation and establishment for mathematical models of flow area of spool valve with sloping U-shape notch machined by different methods

Precise function expression of the flow area for the sloping U-shape notch orifice versus the spool stroke was derived. The computational fluid dynamics was used to analyze the flow features of the sloping U-shape notch on the spool, such as mass flow rates, flow coefficients, effiux angles and steady state flow forces under different operating conditions. At last, the reliability of the mathematical model of the flow area for the sloping U-shape notch orifice on the spool was demonstrated by the comparison between the orifice area curve derived and the corresponding experimental data provided by the test. It is presented that the bottom arc of sloping U-shape notch （ABU） should not be omitted when it is required to accurately calculate the orifice area of ABU. Although the theoretical flow area of plain bottom sloping U-shape notch （PBU） is larger than that of ABU at the same opening, the simulated mass flow and experimental flow area of ABU are both larger than these of PBU at the same opening, while the simulated flow force of PBU is larger than that of ABU at the same opening. Therefore, it should be prior to adapt the ABU when designing the spool with proportional character.

A Modified Sensitive Driving Cellular Automaton Model

A modified cellular automaton model for traffic flow on highway is proposed with a novel concept about the variable security gap. The concept is first introduced into the original Nagel-Schreckenberg model, which is called the non-sensitive driving cellular automaton model. And then it is incorporated with a sensitive driving NaSch model,in which the randomization brake is arranged before the deterministic deceleration. A parameter related to the variable security gap is determined through simulation. Comparison of the simulation results indicates that the variable security gap has different influence on the two models. The fundamental diagram obtained by simulation with the modified sensitive driving NaSch model shows that the maximumflow are in good agreement with the observed data, indicating that the presented model is more reasonable and realistic.

Fatigue life evaluation of girth butt weld within welded cast steel joints based on the extrapolation notch stress method

The fatigue life evaluation of the girth butt weld within the welded cast steel joint was studied based on the extrapolation notch stress method.Firstly,the mesh sensitivity of the finite element model of the welded cast steel joint was analyzed to determine the optimal mesh size.Based on the stress field analysis of the finite element model of the welded cast steel joint at the weld toe and weld root,the sharp model of the extrapolation notch stress method was applied to derive the effective notch stress of the rounded model belonging to the effective notch stress method,in which the key problem is to calculate the extrapolation point C,and the extrapolation point C has an exponential function relationship with the geometric parameters of the welded cast steel joint.By setting different values of geometric parameters,the corresponding value of parameter C is calculated,and then the functional relationship between the extrapolation point C and the geometric parameters can be obtained by the multiple linear regression analysis.Meanwhile,the fatigue life evaluation of the girth butt weld within welded cast steel joints based on the effective notch stress was performed according to the guideline recommended by the IIW(International Institute of Welding).The results indicate that the extrapolation notch stress method can effectively simplify the process of calculating the effective notch stress and accurately evaluate the fatigue life of the girth butt weld within welded cast steel joints.

Do the expressions of gap junction gene connexin messenger RNA in noncancerous liver remnants of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma correlate with postoperative recurrences?

AIM: To investigate whether the changes of gap junction gene connexin messenger RNA in the noncancerous liver tissue of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) could play a significant role in its postresection recurrence.METHODS: Seventy-nine consecutive patients having undergone curative resection for HCC entered this study.Using a reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)-based assay, connexin (Cx) 26, connexin (Cx)32 and connexin (Cx) 43 mRNAs were determined prospectively in noncancerous liver tissues from these 79 patients and in the liver tissues from 15 controls. The correlations between connexin mRNA expression and the clinicopathological variables and outcomes (tumor recurrence and recurrence related mortality) were studied.RESULTS: Compared with liver tissues of control patients,the expression of Cx 32 mRNA in noncancerous liver tissues was significantly lower (mean: 0.715 vscontrol 1.225,P＜0.01), whereas the decreased Cx 26 mRNA (mean:0.700 vs of control 1.205,P＞0.05) and increased Cx 43 mRNA (mean: 0.241 vscontrol 0.100, P＞0.05) had no statistical significance. We defined the value of Cx 32 mRNA or Cx 26mRNA below 0.800 as a lower value. By multivariate analysis for noncancerous livers, a lower value of Cx 32 mRNA correlated significantly with a risk of HCC recurrence and recurrence-related mortality. The lower value of Cx 26 mRNA did not correlate with recurrence and mortality. The increased value of Cx43 mRNA also did not correlate with postoperative recurrence and recurrence-related mortality. By multivariate analysis, other significant predictors of HCC recurrence included vascular permeation, cellular dedifferentiation, and less encaps-ulation. The other significant parameter of recurrence related mortality was vascular permeation.CONCLUSION: The decreased expression of Cx 32 mRNA in noncancerous liver tissues plays a significant role in the prediction of postoperative recurrence of HCC.

Expression of Thyroid Transcription Factor-1(TTF-1)in Lung Carcinomas and Its Correlations with Apoptosis and Angiogenesis

OBJECTIVE To investigate the correlations between the expression of thyroid transcription factor-1 （TTF-1） and apoptosis and angiogenesis in lung carcinomas. METHODS A 829 microarray of the paraffin tissue chips was constructed, which contained 196 lung carcinomas, 10 normal lung tissues, and 1 muscular tissue. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling （TUNEL） and immunohistochemical SP method were used to detect apoptosis and expression of TTF-1 and CD34 in different types of lung carcinomas. A Leica Q500 MC image analysis system was used to measure and calculate TTF-1 positive unit （PU）, apoptotic index （AI） and microvessel density （MVD）. RESULTS AI of lung small cell carcinoma and large cell carcinoma were smaller than those of lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma （P = 0.000）. AI of lung carcinomas with lymph node metastases was smaller than that of those without （P = 0.039）. AI of lung carcinomas in TNM stage I-IV was smaller than that in stage I （P = 0.008）. The PU of the TTF-1 was negatively correlated with AI in small cell lung carcinoma （r = -0.752, P = 0.000）. MVD of lung carcinomas without lymph node metastases was smaller than that of those with lymph node metastasis （P = 0.031）. MVD of lung carcinomas in TNM stage I was smaller than that in stage I-IV （P = 0.040）. The PU of TTF-1 was positively correlated with MVD in lung adenocarcinoma （r = 0.708, P = 0.000）. CONCLUSION There is a negative correlation between TTF-1 PU and AI in small cell lung carcinoma. TTF-1 PU and AI may be correlated with each other. There is a positive correlation between TTF-1 PU and MVD in lung adenocarcinoma. TTF-1 may induce the development of lung adenocarcinoma by inducing tumor angiogenesis.

Inorganic Carbon Parameters Responding to Summer Hypoxia Outside the Changjiang Estuary and the Related Implications

The eutrophication, hypoxia and coastal acidification are attracting more and more attention. In this study, inorganic carbon parameters, including dissolved inorganic carbon （DIC）, total alkalinity （TA） and calculated partial pressure of CO2 （pCO2）, obtained from a summer cruise in August, 2009, were used to investigate their integrated response to biological processes accompanying the oxygen depletion in the areas off the Changjiang Estuary. According to the observations, the typical hypoxia occurred in the bottom water just outside the Changjiang Estuary with Dissolved Oxygen （DO） lower than 2.00 mg L^-1. The biological uptake in the surface water and the decomposition of organic matter in the bottom water were fully coupled with each other. The high concentration of Chl_a （Chl_a = 10.9μgL^-1） and DO （9.25 mgL^-1）, profoundly decreased DIC concentration 0828 μmolkg^-1） and elevated pH （8.42） was observed in the surface water. The correspondingly increased DIC and depletion of oxygen were observed in the bottom water. The semi-quantitative analysis proved that the locally-produced phytoplankton, determined by primary productivity, was deposited to the bottom and contributed about 76% of total amount of the organic carbon decomposition in the bottom. However, in the bottom hypoxia （DO = 2.05 mgL^-1） area observed in the Southern Zhejiang coastal water, the responding patterns of inorganic carbon parameters deviated from the previous one. The expanding of Changjiang Diluted Water （CDW）, the adding of Hangzhou Bay water （with high DIC concentration） and Coastal Current together modify the DIC background value in this area, and the local degeneration and upwelling process may also help to offset the local DIC removed by net biological uptake in surface water. In addition when the mixing occurring in autumn, which may break the summer stratification, the excess release of high DIC in the bottom water to the subsurface water could have an important influence on coastal acidification and the CO2 uptake capacity in this area.

Co-infection of hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients in New York City,United States

AIM： To study the prevalence and risk factors associated with triple infection with human immunodeficiency virus （HIV）/hepatitis B virus （HBV）/hepatitis C virus （HCV） in an urban clinic population. METHODS： Retrospective chart review of 5639 patients followed at St. Luke＇s-Roosevelt Hospital HIV Clinic （Center for Comprehensive Care） in New York City, USA from January 1999 to May 2007. The following demographic characteristics were analyzed： age, sex, race and HIV risk factors. A multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the influence of demographic factors on acquisition of these viruses. RESULTS： HIV/HBV, HIV/HCV and HIV/HBV/HCV infections were detected in 252/5639 （4.47%）, 1411/5639 （25.02%） and 89/5639 （1.58%） patients, respectively. HIV/HBV co-infections were associated with male gender （OR 1.711; P = 0.005）, black race （OR 2.091, P 〈 0.001）, men having sex with men （MSM） （OR 1.747, P = 0.001）, intravenous drug use （IDU） （OR 0.114, P 〈 0.001）, IDU and heterosexual activity （OR 0.247; P = 0.018）, or unknown （OR 1.984, P = 0.004）.HIV/HCV co-infections were associated with male gender （OR 1.241; P = 0.011）, black race （OR 0.788; P = 0.036）, MSM （OR 0.565; P 〈 0.001）, IDU （OR 8.956; P 〈 0.001）, IDU and heterosexual activity （OR 9.106; P 〈 0.001）, IDU and MSM （OR 9.179; P 〈 0.001）, or transfusion （OR 3.224; P 〈 0.001）. HIV/HBV/HCV coinfections were associated with male gender （OR 2.156; P = 0.015）, IDU （OR 6.345; P 〈 0.001）, IDU and heterosexual activity （OR 9.731; P 〈 0.001）, IDU and MSM （OR 9.228; P 〈 0.001）, or unknown （OR 4.219; P = 0.007）. CONCLUSION： Our study demonstrates that coinfection with HBV/HCV/HIV is significantly associated with IDU. These results highlight the need to intensify education and optimal models of integrated care, particularly for populations with IDU, to reduce the risk of viral transmission.

Analysis and design of compact printed monopole UWB antennas with multiple notched bands

This paper presents three compact ultra-wideband(UWB)antennas fed by coplanar waveguide(CPW).The proposed antennas consist of a planar circular patch monopole UWB antenna and multiple etched slots on the feed line.Simulation by Ansoft high frequency structure simulator(HFSS)10.0 shows that the in-band impedances are quite stable and satisfactory.Rejected narrow frequency bands are further obtained within the wideband width by inserting U-shaped slots into the fed line of the antennas.The antennas have a dimension of 50mm by 40mm by 1.5mm.The simulation and measurement results show that the proposed antennas have stable directional radiation patterns,very low profile and low fabrication cost,which are suitable for the UWB system.