“罪过”的语法化及动因解释——兼谈方言中“罪过”的功能

"罪过"一词经历了"名词—形容词—动词(‘道歉’义、‘请求’义)"和"名词—动词(‘自责’义、‘惭愧’义、‘感谢’义)—副词(‘幸亏’义)"的历时演变过程。"罪过"的多种功能在现代汉语部分方言中得到了保留。"罪过"的语法化动因,除了句法因素外,认知方面的"概念转喻"因素也起着至关重要的作用。

Preservation of the Crime Scene

Crime scene is any given place where it committed a criminal offense, in which the investigation should be done to find the causes and mechanisms of occurrence and on these to be investigated, for tracking and apprehension of perpetrators. Preservation of the scene is a very important action regarding the investigation and prosecution of the event that has happened, where law enforcement agencies or units that conduct surveillance of the scene make it. To preserve a scene means： to preserve the land in that state who has left the presidency. Preservation of the scene of that condition that has left the perpetrator is of particular importance to the inspection teams for tracks and material evidence found there are untouched and proceeding or their expertise will help prosecute perpetrators respectively capture of that work. Tracks and material evidence found in the scene should be retained together with all the space where the event happened because a possible carelessness during the examination as well as during the process of storage and security will bring us to a situation in which we will have our doubts concerning the tracks and material evidence found in that place. Also, preservation of the crime scene needs to be done because of the all action who have to take the searching unit, they need to be sure and security from everything that comes from outside.

Pass Appearance Time and Pass Attempts by Teams Qualifying for the Second Stage of FIFA World Cup 2014 in Brazil

This study aimed to clarify the difference between the not qualified teams and the qualified teams to 2nd stage in the Pass Appearance Time and passes attempted at all group stage games of World Cup 2014 and compared with World cup 2010. Results indicated changes in passing in modem football tactics. Actual playing time is represented as Net Playtime in this study. Pass Appearance Time is calculated by Net Playtime divided by passes Attempted. Pass Appearance Time of each team for the all Group stage games was calculated and compared with World cup 2010. No difference was revealed in the 2014 data between teams that did and did not qualify, though the 2010 data revealed differences. World cup 2010 data suggested that increasing passes attempts and lessening Pass Appearance Time were effective in qualifying for the 2rid stage. World cup 2014 data, however, suggested that diversity of tactics was important.

Fingerprint Identification by Artificial Neural Network

Biometric techniques require critical operations of digital processing for identification of individuals. In this context, this paper aims to develop a system for automatic processing of fingerprint identification by their minutiae using Artificial Neural Networks （ANN）, which reveals to be highly effective. The ANN method implemented is a based on Multi-Layer Perceptron （MLP） model, which utilizes the algorithm of retro-propagation of gradient during the learning process. In such a process, the mean square error generated represents the specific parameter for the identification phase by comparing a fingerprint taken from a crime scene with those of a reference database.

The Research On Protecting of Criminal Victims ＇ Rights

In the scales of the human rights protection which is not only meant to protect the basic rights of suspects, but also included the rights of victims, both are very important. However, during the execution process, the criminal legal relations are always simply to be defined as the relationship between the national authorities with the suspects except the victims. The victim＇ s benefits and aspirations are often ignored because they are viewed as a category of witnesses. Therefore, it is against the will of legals,which is better to give the victims the concerned parties to participants the processing, then their rights can be protected and got the coordinating compensation.

徘徊于前苏联模式下的刑事责任根据理论及前景展望

Criminal responsibility and its grounds are not only points at issue in criminal theory in China,they are also the heart of the matter in criminal law in the former Soviet Union.A wide debate focusing on this issue had been held in 1950’ last century in the former Soviet Union,with opinions varying greatly among the informed people.As the consequence,the doctrine of criminal components serving as the determinant came out of that debate.In 1970’,some new notions and theories emerged.However,up till now, criminal law in Rusia still follows the doctrine of criminal components serving as the determinant just as in the past.In the meantime,though there are some new developments in the theory of grounds of criminal responsibility,yet we have never cast off influence of notions of criminal components and other relevant theories of the former Soviet Union.How to break through all barriers of traditional concepts,to absorb the quintessence of modern criminal theory,and to establish a theoretical system of criminal law covering criminal components,criminal responsibility and criminal punishment is just the purpose of this article.

Cooperation in Two-Stage Games on Undirected Networks

In the paper, cooperative two-stage network games are studied. At the first stage of the game, players form a network, while at the second stage players choose their behaviors according to the network realized at the first stage. As a cooperative solution concept in the game, the core is considered.It is proved that some imputations from the core are time inconsistent, whereas one can design for them a time-consistent imputation distribution procedure. Moreover, the strong time consistency problem is also investigated.