“美国造”的运行机制、最新动态及启示

"美国造"的原名为"国家增材制造创新研究院",是美国国家制造创新网络计划提出后建设的第一家创新研究院。"美国造"的使命是解决技术成熟度等级为4~7级的增材制造技术转向工程应用过程中面临的难题,推动增材制造创新技术的产业化、规模化发展。"美国造"由美国国家国防制造与加工中心领导,推行分级会员制度和项目驱动联合攻关机制,协调政、产、学、研各方会员之间的责任和权利、协同和共享。"美国造"现有214家会员,发布了增材制造技术路线图、增材制造标准化路线图,组织形成了投入资金达1亿美元、包含50余个项目的项目群。"美国造"成立运营6年来,取得了非常瞩目的成绩,成为了美国国家制造创新网络中的标杆,对促进增材制造产业快速健康发展有重要启示意义。

Comparison of the Evolution of Genetically Modified Food Safety Policies between the United States and the European Union

With the research on and development of Genetically Modified Food （GMF）, people＇s attitude toward GMF may fall into two divergent categories, typical- ly represented by the United States（US） and the European Union（EU）, respectively. The former follows a ＂sound science principle＂ and firmly objects to the precautionary principle, namely a permissive policy of positive support of and voluntary labelling on GMF; while the latter adopts a cautiously precautionary principle, requiring mandatory labelling and traceability. From the standpoint of regulatory principles, together with corresponding supervisory measures and relevant provisions, this paper compared the execution of directives and provisions on GMF from the initial policies enacted by the US and EU to current situation combined with the track and analysis of latest polic ies issued.

Identification and Comparison of Aircraft Industry Clusters in China and United States

Aircraft industry is very important to the economy and security of a country,and aircraft industry clusters have already existed in the world.Based on Input-Output data and Czamanski's method,the aircraft industry clusters in China and USA were identified quantitatively in this paper.Furthermore,this article carried out comparison analyses of the identification results.The research finds out:1) a mature aircraft industry cluster would be generally composed of 7 industrial subgroups,including aircraft industry,metal making and products manufacturing industry,machinery and equipment industry,electronics industry,automobile industry,material industry and others,and electronics industrial subgroup will play a more and more important role in the cluster;2) in the range of industry-covering,the level of industry-linkage,and the economic performance,there is a tremendously large gap between the aircraft industry cluster of China and that of USA;3) the spatial evolution of these clusters or centers is highly consistent with the diffusion of a country's industrialization.Finally,based on those findings,the paper gives some advice on how to improve Czamanski's method and what China should do to develop its own competitive aircraft industry:1) China should employ institutional innovation,and turn to be market-oriented;2) China should abandon the traditional pattern of closed-development,and strengthen the interaction and collaboration between aircraft industry and related industries,especially the electronics industry;3) China should rectify and perfect its spatial development planning of aircraft industry.

Geochemistry of Tertiary sandstones from southwest Sarawak,Malaysia: implications for provenance and tectonic setting

Tertiary sandstones collected from southwest Sarawak, Malaysia, were analyzed to decipher their provenance, weathering, and tectonic setting. The studied sandstones have a sublitharenite composition and are dominantly composed quartz with little mica and feldspar, and a small amount of volcanic fragments. These sand- stones were generally derived from quartz-rich recycled orogenic sources. They have relatively high SiO2 content with low Na20, CaO, MnO, and MgO contents. Values of Chemical Index of Alteration （CIA） of these rock samples vary from 71 to 93, with an average of 81, implying intense chemical alteration during weathering. A felsic igneous source is suggested by a low concentration of TiO2 com- pared to CIA, enrichment of Light Rare Earth Elements, depletion of Heavy Rare Earth Elements, and negative Eu anomalies. A felsic origin is further supported by a Eu/Eu＊ range of 0.65-0.85 and high Th/Sc, La/Sc, La/Co, and Th/ Co ratios. This work presents the first reported geochemical data of Tertiary sandstones of the Sarawak Basin. These data led us to conclude that the sandstones were dislodged from recycled orogenic sources and deposited in a slowly subsiding rifted basin in a passive continental tectonic setting.

Surface Macrofabric of Boulder Dominated Desert Mountain Slopes, California, USA

Rhyolite domes formed over a million year continuum in eastern California are used to study boulder dominated slopes. Slopes in this study are steep （-25°to-35°） and are made of coarse boulder sized blocks. These slopes include well varnished vertically oriented colluvial deposits that have been likened to relict periglacial stone stripes, or as indicated in this study, are the result of ongoing desert slope processes. The deposits are common throughout the arid southwestern US, but their morphometric character, fabric, and rates of formation have not been assessed systematically. Results indicate that boulder deposits examined here are remnant from the original surface formed during volcanic eruption and that these boulder slope deposits evolve slowly. Grain size, grain shape and grain angularity do not change significantly from genesis to -0.6 Ma; trends in the data change markedly after that time. Mean eigenvectors indicate a fabric oriented downhill, parallel to the slope, consistent with the visual impression that long thin to plate-like rocks orient themselves similarly; however, fabric is actually randomly dispersed, similar to that at slope genesis, as indicated by the eigenvalue analysis resultants of C and K. Interestingly, grainsremain or become more angular over the million-year time scale of the study as they decrease in size, indicating active in situ weathering processes on individual grains; this result is counter to the common assumption that as grains weather they become more rounded over time.

Study on Dishes with Longjing Tea Leaves as Spice

As one of the top ten Chinese teas, Longjing Green Tea is famous for its green tea leaves, sweet taste, pleasant aroma and beautiful shape. Besides of using as drinks, Longjing tea leaves can be applied as spice in Chinese cuisine for its particular taste and function. Under the background of pursuing healthy cuisine, the development of organic Longjing tea and advocate of Chinese tea culture have great economic and culture significance.

Expanding the US-China cooperation on service programs： New opportunities for both countries

For years, the US and China have cooperated closely on manufacturing programs, which helps China become the world manufacturing center. While they both have gained much from the cooperation, there are also increasing frictions, disputes, complains and dissatisfaction with each other because of the huge trade unbalance problem and other significant issues. The US is eager to expand export to China, but China seems hesitating to decide what to import from the US. This paper presents an analysis about the benefits of the US-China cooperation with a primary focus on the service sector, which remains a large and untapped opportunity for China. The goal of the paper is to explore a new route to relieve the trade balance issues as they separately impact both nations. While focusing on analyzing several immediate opportunities, the paper also investigates several new ideas that rest on technology as well as entrepreneurial development.

Assessing Student Learning Using the Constructor Qualification Examination in US Accredited Programs

Today, construction management programs face growing academic accountability resulting in the need to define new program outcomes to measure student learning. In most cases, student learning is analyzed only within the context of an academic program using survey methods which do not accurately quantify overall student learning. Contrary to this condition, construction management programs increasingly require students to take level lofthe nationally administered CQE （constructor qualification exam） upon graduation. However, little or no analysis of this data is conducted beyond basic interpretation of the national and program averages provided by the testing agency. Providing a statistical approach to analyze this data and to propose recommended strategies for its improvement, this research develops and investigates statistical methods to analyze the national test data as a program assessment tool for student learning. Specifically, this work seeks to develop performance standards and expectations for students when taking the CQE exam, to define correlations between student GPA （grade point average） and student performance on the CQE exam. Likewise, this work presents methods to identify program weakness and strategies for improvement by comparing the CQE Level 1 exam with ACCE （American council for construction education） accreditation standards.