Background Resistance to anti-platelet therapy is detrimental to patients. Our aim was to establish a predictive model for aspirin resistance to identify high-risk patients and to propose appropriate intervention. Met...Background Resistance to anti-platelet therapy is detrimental to patients. Our aim was to establish a predictive model for aspirin resistance to identify high-risk patients and to propose appropriate intervention. Methods Elderly patients （n = 1130） with stable chronic coronary heart disease who were taking aspirin （75 mg） for 〉 2 months were included. Details of their basic characteristics, laboratory test results, and medications were collected. Logistic regression analysis was performed to establish a predictive model for aspirin resistance. Risk score was finally established according to coefficient B and type of variables in logistic regression. The Hosmer-Lemeshow （HL） test and receiver operating characteristic curves were performed to respectively test the calibration and discrimination of the model. Results Seven risk factors were included in our risk score. They were serum creatinine （〉 110 μmol/L, score of 1）; fasting blood glucose （〉 7.0 mmol/L, score of 1）; hyperlipidemia （score of 1）; number of coronary arteries （2 branches, score of 2; 〉 3 branches, score of 4）; body mass index （20-25 kg/m2, score of 2; 〉 25 kg/m2, score of 4）; percutaneous coronary intervention （score of 2）; and smoking （score of 3）. The HL test showed P ≥ 0.05 and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve ≥ 0.70. Conclusions We explored and quantified the risk factors for aspirin resistance. Our predictive model showed good calibration and discriminative power and therefore a good foundation for the further study of patients undergoing anti-platelet therapy.展开更多
AIM： To investigate the effect of Garden/a fasm/noides （GJ） on cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis （AP） in mice. METHODS： C57BL/6 mice weighing 18-20 g were divided into three groups. （1） Normal salinetreated ...AIM： To investigate the effect of Garden/a fasm/noides （GJ） on cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis （AP） in mice. METHODS： C57BL/6 mice weighing 18-20 g were divided into three groups. （1） Normal salinetreated group, （2） treatment with GJ at a dose of 0.1 g/kg, （3） treatment with GJ at a dose of 1 g/kg. GJ was administered orally （n = 6 per group） for 1 wk. Three hours later, the mice were given anintraperitoneal injection of cerulein （50 μg/kg）, a stable cholecystokinin （CCK） analogue, every hour for a total of 6h as described previously. The mice were sacrificed at 6 h after completion of cerulein injections. Blood samples were obtained to determine serum amylase, lipase and cytokine levels. The pancreas was rapidly removed for morphologic examination and scoring. A portion of pancreas was stored at -70℃ and prepared for the measurement of tissue myeloperoxidase （MPO） activity, an indicator of neutrophil sequestration, and for reverse-transcriptase PCR （RT-PCR） and real-time PCR measurements. RESULTS： Treatment with G.1 decreased significantly the severity of pancreatitis and pancreatitis-associated lung injury. Treatment with G.1 attenuated the severity of AP compared with saline-treated mice, as shown by reduction in pancreatic edema, neutrophil infiltration, serum amylase and lipase levels, serum cytokine levels, and mRNA expression of multiple inflammatory mediators. CONCLUSION： These results suggest that GJ attenuated the severity of AP as well as pancreatitisassociated lung injury.展开更多
AIM： To evaluate the anticancer property of the dried latex （DL） of Calotropis procera, a tropical medicinal plant, in the X15-myc transgenic mouse model of hepatocellular carcinoma and to elucidate its mechanism o...AIM： To evaluate the anticancer property of the dried latex （DL） of Calotropis procera, a tropical medicinal plant, in the X15-myc transgenic mouse model of hepatocellular carcinoma and to elucidate its mechanism of action in cell culture. METHODS： The young transgenic mice were orally fed with the aqueous suspension of DL （400 mg/kg for 5 d/wk） for 15 wk and their liver was examined for histopathological changes at 20 wk. Serum levels of vascu- lar endothelial growth factor （VEGF） were also measured in these animals. To characterize the active fraction, DL was extracted with petroleum ether followed by methanol. The methanolic extract was sub-fractionated on a silica gel G column using a combination of non-polar and polar solvents and eleven fractions were obtained. Each fraction was analysed for cytotoxic effect on hepatoma （Huh7） and non-hepatoma （COS-1） cell lines and nontransformed hepatocytes （AML12） using tetrazolium （MTT） assay. Finally, the mechanism of cell death was investigated by measuring the levels of Bcl2, caspase 3 and DNA fragmentation. RESULTS： DL treatment of mice showed a complete protection against hepatocarcinogenesis. No adverse effect was observed in these animals. The serum VEGF level was significantly lowered in the treated mice as compared to control animals. Cell culture studies revealed that the methanolic extract of DL as well as its fraction 8 induced extensive cell death in both Huh-7 and COS-1 cells while AML12 cells were spared. This was accompanied by extensive fragmentation of DNA in Huh-7 and COS-1 cells. No change in the levels of canonical markers of apoptosis such as Bcl2 and caspase 3 was observed. CONCLUSION： DL of C. procera has the potential for anti-cancer therapy due to its differentJable targets and non-interference with regular pathway of apoptosis.展开更多
Objective： To study the characteristics of latency of somatosensory evoked potential （SEP） and motor evoked potential （MEP） and the expression of nestin in subventricular zones （SVZ） after persistent focal cere...Objective： To study the characteristics of latency of somatosensory evoked potential （SEP） and motor evoked potential （MEP） and the expression of nestin in subventricular zones （SVZ） after persistent focal cerebral ischemia in rats. Methods： The model of cerebral ischemia in rats was made by middle cerebral artery occlusion （MCAO）. All animals of ischemia were sacrificed after 12 h, 1 d, 3 d, 7 d, and 14 d to observe the changes of latency of SEP and MEP and to detect the expression of nestin, with an immunohistochemical approach. Results： The latencies of P1 （positive wave 1）, N1 （negative wave 1） and P2 （positive wave 2） in SEP were significantly prolonged after MCAO. The latencies of N1 and N2 waves in MEP were postponed gradually and no statistical difference of latency of N1 wave was found in rats at 7 d and 14 d after MCAO. The expression of nestin increased at 12 h, and showed a significant augmentation at 3 d and peaked at 7 d, then declined slightly at 14 d after MCAO. Conclusion： The cerebral ischemia prolonged the latency of EP waves and the expression of nestin was up-regulated and reached the peak at 7 d, showing the ischemia induced the proliferation of nervous stem cells. The SEP and MEP may evaluate the proliferation in SVZ after brain ischemia.展开更多
Objective To identify the genetype of the PS1/APP double transgenie mouse model, then to analyse the histopathological changes in the brain and compare the differences between the transgenie mice models and Aβ1-40-in...Objective To identify the genetype of the PS1/APP double transgenie mouse model, then to analyse the histopathological changes in the brain and compare the differences between the transgenie mice models and Aβ1-40-injeeted rats models of Alzheimer disease. Methods The modified congo red staining, Nissl＇s staining and immunohistology staining was used to observe the Aβ deposits, activation of astrocyte respectively. Results ①The PS1/APP transgenic mouse extensively displayed Aβ deposits in the cortex and hippocampal structures, and GFAP positive cells were aggregated in mass and surrounded the congo red-positive plaque. ②The Aβ1-40-intrahippocmnpal-injeeted rat model showed the Aβ plaque deposits in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, with the astrocyte surrounded. The neurons loss was significant in the injection point and pin hole of injection with Nissl＇s staining methods. GFAP-positive cells increased significantly compared with the uninjected lateral of the hippocampus. Conclusion Although Aβ1-40-injected rat models could simulate some characteristic pathological features of human Alzheimer diseases, Aβ deposits and neurons loss in partial hippocampal, it would not simulate the progressive degenenration in the brain of AD. The double transgenie PS1/APP mice could simulate the specific pathogenesis and progressive changes of AD, mainly is Aβ deposits and the spongiocyte response , while no neurons loss were observed in this model.展开更多
AIM： To investigate the effect of a Chinese medicine, Kaiyu Qingwei Jianji （KYQWJJ） used for diabetic treatment, on the morphometry and residual strain distribution of the small intestine in streptozotocin （STZ） ...AIM： To investigate the effect of a Chinese medicine, Kaiyu Qingwei Jianji （KYQWJJ） used for diabetic treatment, on the morphometry and residual strain distribution of the small intestine in streptozotocin （STZ） -induced diabetic rats. Correlation analysis was also performed between the opening angle and residual strain with the blood glucose level. METHODS： Forty-two male Wistar rats weighing 220-240 g were included in this study. Thirty-two STZ- induced diabetic rats were subdivided into four groups （n = 8 in each group）, i.e. diabetic control group （DM）; high dose of KYQWJJ （T1, 36g/kg per day）; low dose of KYQWJJ （T2, 17 g/kg per day） and Gliclazide （T3, 50 mg/kg per day）. Another ten rats were used as nondiabetic control （CON）. The medicines were poured directly into stomach lumen by gastric lavage twice daily. The rats of CON and DM groups were only poured the physiological saline. Blood glucose and plasma insulin levels were measured. Experimental period was 35 d. At the end of experiment, three 5-cm long segments were harvested from the duodenum, jejunum and ileum. Three rings of 1-2 mm in length for no-load and zero-stress state tests were cut from the middle of different segments. The morphometric data, such as the circumferential length, the wall thickness and the opening angle were measured from the digitized images of intestinal segments in the no-load state and zerostress state. The residual strain was computed from the morphometry data. Furthermore, the linear regression analysis was performed between blood glucose level with morphometric and biomechanical data in the different intestinal segments. RESULTS： The blood glucose level of DM group was consistent 4-fold to 5-fold higher than those in CON group during the experiment （16.89 ± 1.11 vs 3.44 ± 0.15 mmol/L, P 〈 0.001）. The blood glucose level in the T1 （16.89 ± 1.11 vs 11.08 ± 2.67 mmol/L, P 〈 0.01） and T3 groups （16.89 ± 1.11 vs 13.54 ± 1.73 mmol/L, P 〈 0.05）, but not in T2 group （P 〉 0.05） was significantly lower than those in DM group. The plasma insulin levels of DM, T1, T2 and T3 groups were significantly lower than those in CON group （10.98 ± 1.02, 12.52 ± 1.42,13.54 ± 1.56,10.96 ± 0.96 vs 17.84 ± 2.34 pmol/L respectively, P 〈 0.05）, but no significantly difference among the groups with exception of CON group. The wet weight/cm and total wall thickness of duodenum, jejunum and ileum in DM group were significantly higher than those in CON group （wet weight （g/cm）： duodenum 0.209 ± 0.012 vs 0.166 ± 0.010, jejunum 0.149 ± 0.008 vs 0.121 ± 0.004, ileum 0.134 ± 0.013 vs 0.112 ± 0.007; Wall thickness （mm）： duodenum 0.849 ± 0.027 vs 0.710 ± 0.026, jejunum 0.7259 ± 0.034 vs 0.627 ± 0.025, ileum 0.532 ± 0.023 vs 0.470 ± 0.010, all P 〈 0.05）, T1 and T3 treatment could partly restore change of wall thickness, but T2 could not. The opening angle and absolute value of inner and outer residual stain were significantly smaller in duodenal segment （188 ± 11 degrees, -0.31 ± 0.02 and 0.35 ± 0.03 vs 259 ± 15 degrees, -0.40 ± 0.02 and 0.43 ± 0.05） and larger in jejunal （215 ± 20 degrees, -0.30 ± 0.03 and 0.36 ± 0.06 vs 172 ± 19 degrees, -0.25 ± 0.02 and 0.27 ± 0.02） and ileal segments （183 ± 20 degrees, -0.28 ± 0.01 and 0.34 ± 0.05 vs 153 ± 14 degrees, -0.23 ± 0.03 and 0.29 ± 0.04） in DM group than in CON group （P 〈 0.01）. TI and T3 treatment could partly restore this biomechanical alteration, but strong effect was found in T1 treatment （duodenum 243 ± 14 degrees, -0.36 ± 0.02 and 0.42 ± 0.06, jejunum 180 ± 15 degrees, -0.26 ± 0.03 and 0.30 ± 0.06 and ileum 163 ± 17 degrees, -0.23 ± 0.03 and 0.30 ± 0.05, compared with DM, P 〈 0.05）. The linear association was found between the glucose level with most morphometric and biomechanical data. CONCLUSION： KYQWJJ （high dose） treatment could partly restore the changes of blood glucose level and the remodeling of morphometry and residual strain of small intestine in diabetic rats. The linear regression analysis demonstrated that the effect of KYQWJJ on intestinal opening angle and residual strain is partially through its effect on the blood glucose level.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the expression and role of tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) during natural aging in rat liver and to detect the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9. M...AIM: To investigate the expression and role of tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) during natural aging in rat liver and to detect the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9. METHODS: The rats were divided into 3-mo-old group (n=5), 10-mo-old group (n=5) and 24-mo-old group (n=5). Histopathologic changes of liver were observed with HE and Masson stain. The location and protein expressions of TIMP-1 were determined by immunohistochemistry and Western blot; message RNA (mRNA) levels were measured in livers from rats of various ages by semi-quantitative reverse transcriptional polymerase chain reaction (RT PCR). In addition, the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 was assessed by RT-PCR and Western blot. RESULTS: Histologic examination showed that the aging liver had excessive fatty degeneration and collagen deposition. Immunohistochemical staining showed that TIMP-1 related antigen in livers was located in cytoplasm. The protein expression of TTMP-1 was significantly higher in the oldest animals and the mRNA expression was increased significantly in the 24-mo-old rats (t= 4.61, P= 0.002<0.05, 24-vs 10-mo-old rats; t=4.31, P=0.003<0.05, 24- vs 3-mo-old rats). The expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 had no change during aging; the ratios TIMP-1/MMP-2 and TIMP-1/MMP-9 in aging liver were significantly higher than those in maturation and young livers. CONCLUSION: TIMP-1 may play an important role in the process of liver aging.展开更多
AIM: To study the effects of amphetamine, an indirect- acting adrenomimetic compound on the indomethacin- induced gastric ulcerations in rats. METHODS: Male Wistar-Bratislava rats were randomly divided into four group...AIM: To study the effects of amphetamine, an indirect- acting adrenomimetic compound on the indomethacin- induced gastric ulcerations in rats. METHODS: Male Wistar-Bratislava rats were randomly divided into four groups: Group 1 (control), received an ulcerogenic dose of indomethacin (50 μmol/kg) and Groups 2, 3 and 4, treated with amphetamine (10, 25 and 50 μmol/kg). The drug was administered simulta- neously with indomethacin and once again 4 h later. The animals were sacrificed 8 h after indomethacin treatment. The stomachs were opened and the inci- dence, the number of lesions and their severity were evaluated. The results were expressed as percentage and as mean ± standard error (mean ± SE). RESULTS: The incidence of ulceration in the control group was 100%. Amphetamine, at doses of 10, 25 and 50 μmol/kg, lowered the incidence to 88.89%, 77.78% and 37.5% respectively. The protection ratio was posi- tive: 24.14%, 55.17% and 80.6% respectively. The total number of ulcerations/rat was 12.44 ± 3.69 in the con- trol group. It decreased to 7.33 ± 1.89, 5.33 ± 2.38 and 2.25 ± 1.97 under the effects of the above-mentioned doses of amphetamine. CONCLUSION: Amphetamine affords a significant dose-dependent protection against the indomethacin- induced gastric ulcerations in rats. It is suggested that the adrenergic system is involved in the gastric mucosa protection.展开更多
The purpose of this study is to distinguish respiratory syncytial virus （RSV） infection and immunology between immunocompetent and immunocompromised murine and to explore immune mechanism of RSV infection. At variou...The purpose of this study is to distinguish respiratory syncytial virus （RSV） infection and immunology between immunocompetent and immunocompromised murine and to explore immune mechanism of RSV infection. At various time points after RSV infection of BALB/c mice and nude mice, pulmonary viral titers were assayed, RSV antigen was tested by direct immunofluorescent assay and immunohistochemistry. Pulmonary mRNA expressions of Toll like receptor （TLR）2 and TLR4 were assayed by RT-PCR. CD4^＋ ceils and CD8 ^＋ ceils in peripheral blood were examined by flow cytometry and plasma total IgE was assayed by ELISA. Leukocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid （BALF） and pulmonary histology were identified to reflect airway inflammation. It was found that RSV titers of both mice peaked on the 3rd day post infection with a much higher level of viral titer in nude mice than in BALB/c mice and a longer viral duration in nude mice （over 9 days post infection） than in BALB/c mice （6 days post infection）. RSV infection induced higher viral antigen expression in nude mice （0.267 ±0.045） than in BALB/c mice （0. 168 ±0.031）. RSV infection enhanced pulmonary TLR4 expression of BALB/c mice （51.96% ±11.34%） and nude mice （48.96% ± 12.35%） compared with each control （34.04% ±10.06% and 32.37% ±9.87% respectively）. CD4^＋ peripheral blood ceils increased in RSV infected BALB/c mice （66.51% ±2.09% ） compared with the control BALB/c mice （51.63% ±5.90%）, and CD4^＋ ceils and CD8^＋ ceils were deficient in nude mice. RSV infection increased plasma total IgE in both mice, and BALB/c mice had a larger amount of IgE on the 7th day post infection （9.02 ng/ml ±2.90 ng/ml） and on the 14th day post infection （12.76 ng/ml ±4.15 ng/ml） than corresponding nude mice （3.72 ng/ml ±1.06 ng/ml and 7.62 ng/ml ±3.08 ng/ml respectively on the 7th and 14th day post infection）. RSV infected nude mice had more severe airway inflammation than infected BALB/c mice. It is concluded that BALB/c mice and nude mice presented similar RSV infectious characteristics. However, infection of nude mice showed higher viral titer with longer duration and more severe airway inflammation, lower level of plasm total IgE and CD4^＋ peripheral blood cells, but the similar pulmonary TLR4 expression with BALB/c mice.展开更多
The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of different sources of dietary fibre on the oxidative stress induced by a high fat diet in laboratory rats. Thirty two laboratory rats were penned indivi...The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of different sources of dietary fibre on the oxidative stress induced by a high fat diet in laboratory rats. Thirty two laboratory rats were penned individually and divided into four groups： CONT （high fat diet）, G （70 g guar gum/kg）, P （70 g apple pectin/kg） and WB （155 g wheat bran/kg）. After 11 or 13 days of treatment DNA damage of blood leukocytes was measured by Comet assay and lipid peroxidation was studied by determining the malondialdehyde （MDA） concentration in liver and in urine. In comparison with group CONT, the degree of DNA damage was significantly lower in group WB. In groups G and P DNA damage was also reduced but not significantly. Similar results were also obtained for the liver MDA concentration. All three studied groups showed reduced liver MDA concentrations but only group WB was significant compared to group CONT. In comparison with group CONT, the groups WB and P had significantly reduced 24-hour urine MDA excretion, hut not group G. The results of the experiment confirmed that wheat bran intake effectively reduces oxidative stress induced by a high fat diet.展开更多
文摘Background Resistance to anti-platelet therapy is detrimental to patients. Our aim was to establish a predictive model for aspirin resistance to identify high-risk patients and to propose appropriate intervention. Methods Elderly patients （n = 1130） with stable chronic coronary heart disease who were taking aspirin （75 mg） for 〉 2 months were included. Details of their basic characteristics, laboratory test results, and medications were collected. Logistic regression analysis was performed to establish a predictive model for aspirin resistance. Risk score was finally established according to coefficient B and type of variables in logistic regression. The Hosmer-Lemeshow （HL） test and receiver operating characteristic curves were performed to respectively test the calibration and discrimination of the model. Results Seven risk factors were included in our risk score. They were serum creatinine （〉 110 μmol/L, score of 1）; fasting blood glucose （〉 7.0 mmol/L, score of 1）; hyperlipidemia （score of 1）; number of coronary arteries （2 branches, score of 2; 〉 3 branches, score of 4）; body mass index （20-25 kg/m2, score of 2; 〉 25 kg/m2, score of 4）; percutaneous coronary intervention （score of 2）; and smoking （score of 3）. The HL test showed P ≥ 0.05 and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve ≥ 0.70. Conclusions We explored and quantified the risk factors for aspirin resistance. Our predictive model showed good calibration and discriminative power and therefore a good foundation for the further study of patients undergoing anti-platelet therapy.
基金The Ministry of Science & Technology (MoST)/Korea Science & Engineering Foundation (KOSEF) through the Vestibulocochlear Research Center (VCRC) at Wonkwang University (R13-2002-055-00000-0)
文摘AIM： To investigate the effect of Garden/a fasm/noides （GJ） on cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis （AP） in mice. METHODS： C57BL/6 mice weighing 18-20 g were divided into three groups. （1） Normal salinetreated group, （2） treatment with GJ at a dose of 0.1 g/kg, （3） treatment with GJ at a dose of 1 g/kg. GJ was administered orally （n = 6 per group） for 1 wk. Three hours later, the mice were given anintraperitoneal injection of cerulein （50 μg/kg）, a stable cholecystokinin （CCK） analogue, every hour for a total of 6h as described previously. The mice were sacrificed at 6 h after completion of cerulein injections. Blood samples were obtained to determine serum amylase, lipase and cytokine levels. The pancreas was rapidly removed for morphologic examination and scoring. A portion of pancreas was stored at -70℃ and prepared for the measurement of tissue myeloperoxidase （MPO） activity, an indicator of neutrophil sequestration, and for reverse-transcriptase PCR （RT-PCR） and real-time PCR measurements. RESULTS： Treatment with G.1 decreased significantly the severity of pancreatitis and pancreatitis-associated lung injury. Treatment with G.1 attenuated the severity of AP compared with saline-treated mice, as shown by reduction in pancreatic edema, neutrophil infiltration, serum amylase and lipase levels, serum cytokine levels, and mRNA expression of multiple inflammatory mediators. CONCLUSION： These results suggest that GJ attenuated the severity of AP as well as pancreatitisassociated lung injury.
基金Supported by the core grant of International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology. New Delhi
文摘AIM： To evaluate the anticancer property of the dried latex （DL） of Calotropis procera, a tropical medicinal plant, in the X15-myc transgenic mouse model of hepatocellular carcinoma and to elucidate its mechanism of action in cell culture. METHODS： The young transgenic mice were orally fed with the aqueous suspension of DL （400 mg/kg for 5 d/wk） for 15 wk and their liver was examined for histopathological changes at 20 wk. Serum levels of vascu- lar endothelial growth factor （VEGF） were also measured in these animals. To characterize the active fraction, DL was extracted with petroleum ether followed by methanol. The methanolic extract was sub-fractionated on a silica gel G column using a combination of non-polar and polar solvents and eleven fractions were obtained. Each fraction was analysed for cytotoxic effect on hepatoma （Huh7） and non-hepatoma （COS-1） cell lines and nontransformed hepatocytes （AML12） using tetrazolium （MTT） assay. Finally, the mechanism of cell death was investigated by measuring the levels of Bcl2, caspase 3 and DNA fragmentation. RESULTS： DL treatment of mice showed a complete protection against hepatocarcinogenesis. No adverse effect was observed in these animals. The serum VEGF level was significantly lowered in the treated mice as compared to control animals. Cell culture studies revealed that the methanolic extract of DL as well as its fraction 8 induced extensive cell death in both Huh-7 and COS-1 cells while AML12 cells were spared. This was accompanied by extensive fragmentation of DNA in Huh-7 and COS-1 cells. No change in the levels of canonical markers of apoptosis such as Bcl2 and caspase 3 was observed. CONCLUSION： DL of C. procera has the potential for anti-cancer therapy due to its differentJable targets and non-interference with regular pathway of apoptosis.
基金Supported by Special Funds for Excellent Persons of Sichuan Province(05ZQ026-020)Key Program of Science and Technology of Sichuan Province(05SG1866)
文摘Objective： To study the characteristics of latency of somatosensory evoked potential （SEP） and motor evoked potential （MEP） and the expression of nestin in subventricular zones （SVZ） after persistent focal cerebral ischemia in rats. Methods： The model of cerebral ischemia in rats was made by middle cerebral artery occlusion （MCAO）. All animals of ischemia were sacrificed after 12 h, 1 d, 3 d, 7 d, and 14 d to observe the changes of latency of SEP and MEP and to detect the expression of nestin, with an immunohistochemical approach. Results： The latencies of P1 （positive wave 1）, N1 （negative wave 1） and P2 （positive wave 2） in SEP were significantly prolonged after MCAO. The latencies of N1 and N2 waves in MEP were postponed gradually and no statistical difference of latency of N1 wave was found in rats at 7 d and 14 d after MCAO. The expression of nestin increased at 12 h, and showed a significant augmentation at 3 d and peaked at 7 d, then declined slightly at 14 d after MCAO. Conclusion： The cerebral ischemia prolonged the latency of EP waves and the expression of nestin was up-regulated and reached the peak at 7 d, showing the ischemia induced the proliferation of nervous stem cells. The SEP and MEP may evaluate the proliferation in SVZ after brain ischemia.
基金This project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （ No. 30100087, 30500148, 30571770）funded by the Collaborating Research Fund for Young Scholars from Abroad of National Natural Science Foundation of China （ No. 30228018 ）.
文摘Objective To identify the genetype of the PS1/APP double transgenie mouse model, then to analyse the histopathological changes in the brain and compare the differences between the transgenie mice models and Aβ1-40-injeeted rats models of Alzheimer disease. Methods The modified congo red staining, Nissl＇s staining and immunohistology staining was used to observe the Aβ deposits, activation of astrocyte respectively. Results ①The PS1/APP transgenic mouse extensively displayed Aβ deposits in the cortex and hippocampal structures, and GFAP positive cells were aggregated in mass and surrounded the congo red-positive plaque. ②The Aβ1-40-intrahippocmnpal-injeeted rat model showed the Aβ plaque deposits in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, with the astrocyte surrounded. The neurons loss was significant in the injection point and pin hole of injection with Nissl＇s staining methods. GFAP-positive cells increased significantly compared with the uninjected lateral of the hippocampus. Conclusion Although Aβ1-40-injected rat models could simulate some characteristic pathological features of human Alzheimer diseases, Aβ deposits and neurons loss in partial hippocampal, it would not simulate the progressive degenenration in the brain of AD. The double transgenie PS1/APP mice could simulate the specific pathogenesis and progressive changes of AD, mainly is Aβ deposits and the spongiocyte response , while no neurons loss were observed in this model.
文摘AIM： To investigate the effect of a Chinese medicine, Kaiyu Qingwei Jianji （KYQWJJ） used for diabetic treatment, on the morphometry and residual strain distribution of the small intestine in streptozotocin （STZ） -induced diabetic rats. Correlation analysis was also performed between the opening angle and residual strain with the blood glucose level. METHODS： Forty-two male Wistar rats weighing 220-240 g were included in this study. Thirty-two STZ- induced diabetic rats were subdivided into four groups （n = 8 in each group）, i.e. diabetic control group （DM）; high dose of KYQWJJ （T1, 36g/kg per day）; low dose of KYQWJJ （T2, 17 g/kg per day） and Gliclazide （T3, 50 mg/kg per day）. Another ten rats were used as nondiabetic control （CON）. The medicines were poured directly into stomach lumen by gastric lavage twice daily. The rats of CON and DM groups were only poured the physiological saline. Blood glucose and plasma insulin levels were measured. Experimental period was 35 d. At the end of experiment, three 5-cm long segments were harvested from the duodenum, jejunum and ileum. Three rings of 1-2 mm in length for no-load and zero-stress state tests were cut from the middle of different segments. The morphometric data, such as the circumferential length, the wall thickness and the opening angle were measured from the digitized images of intestinal segments in the no-load state and zerostress state. The residual strain was computed from the morphometry data. Furthermore, the linear regression analysis was performed between blood glucose level with morphometric and biomechanical data in the different intestinal segments. RESULTS： The blood glucose level of DM group was consistent 4-fold to 5-fold higher than those in CON group during the experiment （16.89 ± 1.11 vs 3.44 ± 0.15 mmol/L, P 〈 0.001）. The blood glucose level in the T1 （16.89 ± 1.11 vs 11.08 ± 2.67 mmol/L, P 〈 0.01） and T3 groups （16.89 ± 1.11 vs 13.54 ± 1.73 mmol/L, P 〈 0.05）, but not in T2 group （P 〉 0.05） was significantly lower than those in DM group. The plasma insulin levels of DM, T1, T2 and T3 groups were significantly lower than those in CON group （10.98 ± 1.02, 12.52 ± 1.42,13.54 ± 1.56,10.96 ± 0.96 vs 17.84 ± 2.34 pmol/L respectively, P 〈 0.05）, but no significantly difference among the groups with exception of CON group. The wet weight/cm and total wall thickness of duodenum, jejunum and ileum in DM group were significantly higher than those in CON group （wet weight （g/cm）： duodenum 0.209 ± 0.012 vs 0.166 ± 0.010, jejunum 0.149 ± 0.008 vs 0.121 ± 0.004, ileum 0.134 ± 0.013 vs 0.112 ± 0.007; Wall thickness （mm）： duodenum 0.849 ± 0.027 vs 0.710 ± 0.026, jejunum 0.7259 ± 0.034 vs 0.627 ± 0.025, ileum 0.532 ± 0.023 vs 0.470 ± 0.010, all P 〈 0.05）, T1 and T3 treatment could partly restore change of wall thickness, but T2 could not. The opening angle and absolute value of inner and outer residual stain were significantly smaller in duodenal segment （188 ± 11 degrees, -0.31 ± 0.02 and 0.35 ± 0.03 vs 259 ± 15 degrees, -0.40 ± 0.02 and 0.43 ± 0.05） and larger in jejunal （215 ± 20 degrees, -0.30 ± 0.03 and 0.36 ± 0.06 vs 172 ± 19 degrees, -0.25 ± 0.02 and 0.27 ± 0.02） and ileal segments （183 ± 20 degrees, -0.28 ± 0.01 and 0.34 ± 0.05 vs 153 ± 14 degrees, -0.23 ± 0.03 and 0.29 ± 0.04） in DM group than in CON group （P 〈 0.01）. TI and T3 treatment could partly restore this biomechanical alteration, but strong effect was found in T1 treatment （duodenum 243 ± 14 degrees, -0.36 ± 0.02 and 0.42 ± 0.06, jejunum 180 ± 15 degrees, -0.26 ± 0.03 and 0.30 ± 0.06 and ileum 163 ± 17 degrees, -0.23 ± 0.03 and 0.30 ± 0.05, compared with DM, P 〈 0.05）. The linear association was found between the glucose level with most morphometric and biomechanical data. CONCLUSION： KYQWJJ （high dose） treatment could partly restore the changes of blood glucose level and the remodeling of morphometry and residual strain of small intestine in diabetic rats. The linear regression analysis demonstrated that the effect of KYQWJJ on intestinal opening angle and residual strain is partially through its effect on the blood glucose level.
基金Supported by the Major State Basic Research and Development Program of China, 973 Program, No.G2000057000 Creative Research Group Fund of the National Science Foundation of China, No.30121005the Postdoctor Foundation of China, No. 2004035048
文摘AIM: To investigate the expression and role of tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) during natural aging in rat liver and to detect the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9. METHODS: The rats were divided into 3-mo-old group (n=5), 10-mo-old group (n=5) and 24-mo-old group (n=5). Histopathologic changes of liver were observed with HE and Masson stain. The location and protein expressions of TIMP-1 were determined by immunohistochemistry and Western blot; message RNA (mRNA) levels were measured in livers from rats of various ages by semi-quantitative reverse transcriptional polymerase chain reaction (RT PCR). In addition, the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 was assessed by RT-PCR and Western blot. RESULTS: Histologic examination showed that the aging liver had excessive fatty degeneration and collagen deposition. Immunohistochemical staining showed that TIMP-1 related antigen in livers was located in cytoplasm. The protein expression of TTMP-1 was significantly higher in the oldest animals and the mRNA expression was increased significantly in the 24-mo-old rats (t= 4.61, P= 0.002<0.05, 24-vs 10-mo-old rats; t=4.31, P=0.003<0.05, 24- vs 3-mo-old rats). The expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 had no change during aging; the ratios TIMP-1/MMP-2 and TIMP-1/MMP-9 in aging liver were significantly higher than those in maturation and young livers. CONCLUSION: TIMP-1 may play an important role in the process of liver aging.
文摘AIM: To study the effects of amphetamine, an indirect- acting adrenomimetic compound on the indomethacin- induced gastric ulcerations in rats. METHODS: Male Wistar-Bratislava rats were randomly divided into four groups: Group 1 (control), received an ulcerogenic dose of indomethacin (50 μmol/kg) and Groups 2, 3 and 4, treated with amphetamine (10, 25 and 50 μmol/kg). The drug was administered simulta- neously with indomethacin and once again 4 h later. The animals were sacrificed 8 h after indomethacin treatment. The stomachs were opened and the inci- dence, the number of lesions and their severity were evaluated. The results were expressed as percentage and as mean ± standard error (mean ± SE). RESULTS: The incidence of ulceration in the control group was 100%. Amphetamine, at doses of 10, 25 and 50 μmol/kg, lowered the incidence to 88.89%, 77.78% and 37.5% respectively. The protection ratio was posi- tive: 24.14%, 55.17% and 80.6% respectively. The total number of ulcerations/rat was 12.44 ± 3.69 in the con- trol group. It decreased to 7.33 ± 1.89, 5.33 ± 2.38 and 2.25 ± 1.97 under the effects of the above-mentioned doses of amphetamine. CONCLUSION: Amphetamine affords a significant dose-dependent protection against the indomethacin- induced gastric ulcerations in rats. It is suggested that the adrenergic system is involved in the gastric mucosa protection.
文摘The purpose of this study is to distinguish respiratory syncytial virus （RSV） infection and immunology between immunocompetent and immunocompromised murine and to explore immune mechanism of RSV infection. At various time points after RSV infection of BALB/c mice and nude mice, pulmonary viral titers were assayed, RSV antigen was tested by direct immunofluorescent assay and immunohistochemistry. Pulmonary mRNA expressions of Toll like receptor （TLR）2 and TLR4 were assayed by RT-PCR. CD4^＋ ceils and CD8 ^＋ ceils in peripheral blood were examined by flow cytometry and plasma total IgE was assayed by ELISA. Leukocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid （BALF） and pulmonary histology were identified to reflect airway inflammation. It was found that RSV titers of both mice peaked on the 3rd day post infection with a much higher level of viral titer in nude mice than in BALB/c mice and a longer viral duration in nude mice （over 9 days post infection） than in BALB/c mice （6 days post infection）. RSV infection induced higher viral antigen expression in nude mice （0.267 ±0.045） than in BALB/c mice （0. 168 ±0.031）. RSV infection enhanced pulmonary TLR4 expression of BALB/c mice （51.96% ±11.34%） and nude mice （48.96% ± 12.35%） compared with each control （34.04% ±10.06% and 32.37% ±9.87% respectively）. CD4^＋ peripheral blood ceils increased in RSV infected BALB/c mice （66.51% ±2.09% ） compared with the control BALB/c mice （51.63% ±5.90%）, and CD4^＋ ceils and CD8^＋ ceils were deficient in nude mice. RSV infection increased plasma total IgE in both mice, and BALB/c mice had a larger amount of IgE on the 7th day post infection （9.02 ng/ml ±2.90 ng/ml） and on the 14th day post infection （12.76 ng/ml ±4.15 ng/ml） than corresponding nude mice （3.72 ng/ml ±1.06 ng/ml and 7.62 ng/ml ±3.08 ng/ml respectively on the 7th and 14th day post infection）. RSV infected nude mice had more severe airway inflammation than infected BALB/c mice. It is concluded that BALB/c mice and nude mice presented similar RSV infectious characteristics. However, infection of nude mice showed higher viral titer with longer duration and more severe airway inflammation, lower level of plasm total IgE and CD4^＋ peripheral blood cells, but the similar pulmonary TLR4 expression with BALB/c mice.
文摘The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of different sources of dietary fibre on the oxidative stress induced by a high fat diet in laboratory rats. Thirty two laboratory rats were penned individually and divided into four groups： CONT （high fat diet）, G （70 g guar gum/kg）, P （70 g apple pectin/kg） and WB （155 g wheat bran/kg）. After 11 or 13 days of treatment DNA damage of blood leukocytes was measured by Comet assay and lipid peroxidation was studied by determining the malondialdehyde （MDA） concentration in liver and in urine. In comparison with group CONT, the degree of DNA damage was significantly lower in group WB. In groups G and P DNA damage was also reduced but not significantly. Similar results were also obtained for the liver MDA concentration. All three studied groups showed reduced liver MDA concentrations but only group WB was significant compared to group CONT. In comparison with group CONT, the groups WB and P had significantly reduced 24-hour urine MDA excretion, hut not group G. The results of the experiment confirmed that wheat bran intake effectively reduces oxidative stress induced by a high fat diet.
