伯格曼的技术哲学及其启示

伯格曼是当今世界最有影响的技术哲学家之一。他通过"器具范式""聚焦物"、"聚焦活动"等概念,论证和说明现代技术在改善人们生活的过程中具有本质上的局限性。他同时还把对技术的形而上学和认识论的分析与对技术的社会学、经济学、历史学等学科的分析结合起来,试图全面地把握技术和当代生活的特点。

Influence diversity of extracellular DNA on bioleaching chalcopyrite and pyrite by Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans ST

In this paper,Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans ST was selected for use in bioleaching of pyrite and chalcopyrite.The adsorption experiments revealed that more cells were adsorbed on the surface of pyrite than on the surface of chalcopyrite.The role of extracellular DNA(eDNA)in the bioleaching process was investigated by depletion of eDNA using DNase I.The number of cells attached on the chalcopyrite and pyrite surfaces decreased on a large scale,and the lag phase of cell growth increased,causing the leaching percentages of pyrite and chalcopyrite to decrease by approximately 11.6%and 20.5%,respectively.The formation and distribution of eDNA secreted during bioleaching was assessed by a fluorescent dye-based method and visualized by confocal laser scanning microscopy(CLSM).The content of eDNA increased with bioleaching time.Furthermore,ST showed a stronger capacity to produce eDNA on the surface of pyrite than on the surface of chalcopyrite.These results showed that the removal of eDNA has a more significant effect on the bioleaching of chalcopyrite than on pyrite.

Role of acoustic interface layer during high intensity focused ultrasound therapeutics

After interface layer was simulated by the magnetic nano-particles in the egg white phantom, high intensity focused ultrasound （HIFU） at the same dosage was introduced to radiate the phantom in different depths to blow the acoustic interface layer to mimic ＂point＂ exposure. The results showed that the volumes of biological focal region （BFR） were enlarged when the acoustic focal region （AFR） is close with interface layer. This meant that the magnetic nano-particles enhanced the therapeutic efficiency of HIFU. When the distance of the AFR from the interface layer was 10 mm, the size and shape of the BFR were similar with those of the control group, but a larger lesion at the interface, which was harmful for treatment, was observed. When the distance of the AFR to the interface layer increased to 30 mm, the size and shape of the BFR were also similar to those of the control group. When the thickness of the interface layer diminished, the utility of enhancement decreased. Continuous increase of the safe area for treatment and decrease of the utility of enhancement were observed along with the abatement of the thickness of the interface layer

A Study on Gradient Refractive Index Polymer Rods——Mechanism of Diffusion-Copolymerization of Diallyl Phthalate-Methyl Methacrylate

The gel rod, partially polymerized DAP (diallyl phthalate), is immersed in MMA (methyl methacrylate) solution, followed by heat-treatment to yield the GRIN (gradient ref- ractive index) rod. A three-stage mechanism of diffusion-copolymerization process is propo- sed, giving an interpretation to the formation of cracks that are brought about in large-dia- meter GRIN rods.

Synthesis of Polyalphaolefins on AlCl_3/TiCl_4 Catalyst

The oligomerzation reactions on different catalysts were investigated and discussed. 1-Octene, 1-decene, 1-do- decene, a mixture of olefins （with a mass ratio of w（l-octene）： w（1-decenc）：w（1-dodecene） equating to 30：40：30）, and the products from paraffin cracking were oligomerized on the AlCl3/TiC14 catalyst. The results indicated that the AlCl3 catalyst led to severe coking reaction. With an increase in carbon number of alpha-olefins, the freezing point of oligomers increased and the kinematic viscosity decreased. The oligomers formed from the mixed olefins and the paraffin cracking products showed higher kinematic viscosity. Normal paraffins contained in the cracked products could increase the freezing point of oligomers. Furthermore, the distillation range of oligomers obtained from the cracked products was close to those of oligo- mers originated from 1-octene and 1-decene, while the oligomers obtained from the mixed olefins and 1-dodecene had simi- lar distillation ranges.

A Scientific Study on the Holy Spiritual Descending in NRMs of Korea： Focus upon the Paranormal Phenomena of the Holy Spirit by the Victor

The limit and the problem of modern religion and science are due to the materialistic, mechanistic, and dichotomous thought that separates humanity from God, spirit from body and I from you. Indicating that the methodology is wrong, the author will suggest an alternative to solve its problem. In the body, the author will introduce the paranormal phenomena focusing on the descending of the Holy Spirit by the Victor on NRMs in Korea. The author will speak of the differences between Aura and the light of the Holy Spirit using some new methodologies of participant observation by film photo-graphing and interviewing testimonies from fieldwork. Furthermore the author attempted to research scientifically how the light of life emitted from the Victor influences humanity and all things. The author will tell the theory of bio scientific and biblical salvation and immortality based on somatic. This paper will contribute in revealing the invisible God and the Holy Spirit to be physically seen.

A study of the acoustical radiation force considering attenuation

Acoustical tweezer is a primary application of the radiation force of a sound field. When an ultrasound focused beam passes through a micro-particle, like a cell or living biological specimens, the particle will be manipulated accurately without physical contact and invasion, due to the three-dimensional acoustical trapping force. Based on the Ray acoustics approach in the Mie regime, this work discusses the effects on the particle caused by Gaussian focused ultrasound, studies the acoustical trapping force of spherical Mie particles by ultrasound in any position, and analyzes the numerical calculation on the two-dimensional acoustical radiation force. This article also analyzes the conditions for the acoustical trapping phenomenon, and discusses the impact of the initial position and size of the particle on the magnitude of the acoustical radiation force. Furthermore, this paper considers the ultrasonic attenuation in a particle in the case of two-dimension, studies the attenuation's effects on the acoustical trapping force, and amends the calculation to the ordinary case with attenuation.

In vitro remineralization of hybrid layers using biomimetic analogs

Resin-dentin bond degradation is a major cause of restoration failures. The major aim of the current study was to evaluate the impact of a remineralization medium on collagen matrices of hybrid layers of three different ad- hesive resins using nanotechnology methods. Coronal dentin surfaces were prepared from freshly extracted premo- lars and bonded to composite resin using three adhesive resins （FluoroBond II, Xeno-III-Bond, and iBond）. From each tooth, two central slabs were selected for the study. The slabs used as controls were immersed in a simulated body fluid （SBF）. The experimental slabs were immersed in a Portland cement-based remineralization medium that con- tained two biomimetic analogs （biomineralization medium （BRM））. Eight slabs per group were retrieved after 1, 2, 3, and 4 months, respectively and immersed in Rhodamine B for 24 h. Confocal laser scanning microscopy was used to evaluate the permeability of hybrid layers to Rhodamine B. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance （ANOVA） and Tukey＇s honest significant difference （HSD） tests. After four months, all BRM specimens exhibited a significantly smaller fluorescent area than SBF specimens, indicating a remineralization of the hybrid layer （P≤0.05）. A clinically applicable biomimetic remineralization delivery system could potentially slow down bond degradation.

Electron microscopy:essentials for viral structure,morphogenesis and rapid diagnosis

Electron microscopy(EM) should be used in the front line for detection of agents in emergencies and bioterrorism,on accounts of its speed and accuracy.However,the number of EM diagnostic laboratories has decreased considerably and an increasing number of people encounter difficulties with EM results.Therefore,the research on viral structure and morphology has become important in EM diagnostic practice.EM has several technological advantages,and should be a fundamental tool in clinical diagnosis of viruses,particularly when agents are unknown or unsuspected.In this article,we review the historical contribution of EM to virology,and its use in virus differentiation,localization of specific virus antigens,virus-cell interaction,and viral morphogenesis.It is essential that EM investigations are based on clinical and comprehensive pathogenesis data from light or confocal microscopy.Furthermore,avoidance of artifacts or false results is necessary to exploit fully the advantages while minimizing its limitations.

Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Strain W19 can Promote Growth and Yield and Suppress Fusarium Wilt in Banana Under Greenhouse and Field Conditions

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria （PGPR） are considered to be the most promising agents for cash crop production via increasing crop yields and decreasing disease occurrence. The Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain W19 can produce secondary metabolites （iturin and bacillomycin D） effectively against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense （FOC）. In this study, the ability of a bio-organic fertilizer （BIO） containing strain W19 to promote plant growth and suppress the Fusarium wilt of banana was evaluated in both pot and field experiments. The results showed that application of BIO significantly promoted the growth and fruit yield of banana while suppressing the banana Fusariurn wilt disease. To further determine the beneficial mechanisms of the strain, the colonization of green fluorescent protein-tagged strain W19 on banana roots was observed using confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The effect of banana root exudates on the formation of biofilm of strain W19 indicated that the banana root exudates may enhance colonization. In addition, the strain W19 was able to produce indole-3-acetic acid （IAA）, a plant growth-promoting hormone. The results of these experiments revealed that the application of strain W19-enriched BIO improved the banana root colonization of strain W19 and growth of banana and suppressed the Fusarium wilt. The PGPR strain W19 can be a useful biocontrol agent for the production of banana under field conditions.

Laser-enhanced thermal effect of moderate intensity focused ultrasound on bio-tissues

For avoiding extra-damage to healthy tissues surrounding the focal point during high intensity focused ultrasound(HIFU) treatment in medical therapy, to reduce the ultrasonic intensity outside the focal point is expected. Thus, the heating processes induced by moderate intensity focused ultrasound(MIFU) and enhanced by combined irradiation of laser pulses for bio-tissues are studied in details. For fresh bio-tissues, the enhanced thermal effects by pulsed laser combined with MIFU irradiation are observed experimentally. To explore the mechanisms of these effects, several tissue-mimicking materials composed of agar mixed with graphite powders are prepared and studied for comparison, but the laser-enhanced thermal effects in these mimicking materials are much less than that in the fresh bio-tissues. Therefore, it is suggested that the laser-enhanced thermal effects may be mainly attributed to bio-activities and related photo-bio-chemical effects of fresh tissues.

Proteomic survey towards the tissue-specific proteins of mouse mitochondria

Mitochondrion plays the key functions in mammalian cells. It is believed that mitochondrion exerts the common biologic functions in many tissues, but also performs some specific functions correspondent with tissues where it is localized. To identify the tissue-specific mitochondrial proteins, we carried out a systematic survey towards mitochondrial proteins in the tissues of C57BL/6J mouse, such as liver, kidney and heart. The mitochondrial proteins were separated by 2DE and identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF MS. Total of 87 unique proteins were identified as the tissue-specific ones, and some representatives were further verified through ICPL quantification and Western blot. Because these issue-specific proteins are coded from nuclear genes, real-time PCR was employed to examine the mRNA status of six typical genes found in the tissues.With combining of the expression data and the co-localization images obtained from confocal microscope, we came to the conclusion that the tissue-specifically mitochondrial proteins were widely distributed among the mouse tissues. Our investigation, therefore, indeed provides a solid base to further explore the biological significance of the mitochondrial proteins with tissue-orientation.

The staphylococcal nuclease prevents biofilm formation in Staphylococcus aureus and other biofilm-forming bacteria

The staphylococcal nuclease, encoded by the nucl gene, is an important virulence factor of Staphylococcus aureus. However, the physiological role of the nuclease has not been fully characterized. The current study observed that biofilm development could be prevented in staphylococcal nuclease-producing strains of S. aureus; however, when the nucl gene was knocked out, the ability to form a biofilm significantly increased. Scanning electron and confocal scanning laser microscopy were used to evaluate the role of the nucl gene in biofilm formation. Moreover, the nucl gene product, staphylococcal nuclease, and re- combinant NUC1 protein were found to have a visible effect on other biofilm-forming bacteria, such as Pseudomonas aeru- ginosa, Actinobacillus pleuropneurnoniae, and Haernophilus parasuis. The current study showed a direct relationship between staphylococcal nuclease production and the prevention of biofilm development. The findings from this study underscore the important role of staphylococcal nuclease activity to prevent biofilm formation in S. aureus. They also provided evidence for the biological role of staphylococcal nucleases in other organisms.

Two-photon polymerization fabrication and Raman spectroscopy research of SU-8 photoresist using the femtosecond laser

In this work, a two-photon polymerization(2PP) processing device was built using the femtosecond laser, and femtosecond laser direct writing was performed on SU-8 photoresist. Due to the 2PP effect of the photoresist caused by the femtosecond laser, the polymeric line with size less than the focal spot size is obtained. Based on the Raman spectroscopy characterization of SU-8 polymer before and after 2PP, we research the dynamic process of femtosecond laser induced 2PP. In Raman spectra, some scattering peaks with large intensity variation, such as 1 108 cm^(-1) and 1 183 cm^(-1), indicate that the asymmetric stretching vibration of C-O-C bond in SU-8 polymer is increased. By comparison, we can find that 2PP only affects the light absorption of initiator, but does not affect the monomer polymerization. It is helpful to understand the interaction of photoresist and femtosecond laser, and plays an important role in quantitatively controlling the polymerization degree of SU-8 polymer and improving the processing resolution of 2PP.