There are various influencing factors that affect the deformation observation, and deformation signals show differ- ent characteristics under different scales. Wavelet analysis possesses multi-scale property, and the ...There are various influencing factors that affect the deformation observation, and deformation signals show differ- ent characteristics under different scales. Wavelet analysis possesses multi-scale property, and the information entropy has great representational capability to the complexity of information. By hamming window to the wavelet coefficients and windowed wavelet energy obtained by multi-resolution analysis （MRA）, it can be achieved to measure the wavelet time entropy （WTE） and wavelet energy entropy （WEE）. The paper established deformation signals, selected the parameters, and compared the sin- gularity detection ability and anti-noise ability of two kinds of wavelet entropy and applied them to the singularity detection at the GPS continuously operating reference stations. It is shown that the WTE performs well in weak singularity information de- tection in finite frequency components signals and the WEE is more suitable for detecting the singularity in the signals with complex, strong background noise.展开更多
China English is defined as a developing variety of international English spoken in China with some characteristic features at the level of phonology, grammar, lexis and pragmatics. The authors present the analysis of...China English is defined as a developing variety of international English spoken in China with some characteristic features at the level of phonology, grammar, lexis and pragmatics. The authors present the analysis of the use of the first-person plural pronoun we by Chinese senior English majors in spoken English as a way of illustrating how the pragmatic features of these students＇ choice of first-person pronoun manifest according to their social positions. Analysis finds that for these speakers we is used in ways that are consistent with wo-men, first person plural pronoun in Chinese, which is often used ambiguously for non-specific reference. Findings indicate that speakers lacking social power will use the pronoun to reproduce a mainstream or generic discourse. The authors conclude by arguing that Chinese university students＇ use of we can simultaneously be seen as an expression of their English language proficiency and as an adherence to Chinese cultural and pragmatic norms.展开更多
基金Supported by the Sub-topics of the National 863 Projects （2009AA 121402-5） the Sub-topics of the National 927 Projects （2009AA 121401） the Natural Science Foundation of Sbandong Province （ZR2010DL003）
文摘There are various influencing factors that affect the deformation observation, and deformation signals show differ- ent characteristics under different scales. Wavelet analysis possesses multi-scale property, and the information entropy has great representational capability to the complexity of information. By hamming window to the wavelet coefficients and windowed wavelet energy obtained by multi-resolution analysis （MRA）, it can be achieved to measure the wavelet time entropy （WTE） and wavelet energy entropy （WEE）. The paper established deformation signals, selected the parameters, and compared the sin- gularity detection ability and anti-noise ability of two kinds of wavelet entropy and applied them to the singularity detection at the GPS continuously operating reference stations. It is shown that the WTE performs well in weak singularity information de- tection in finite frequency components signals and the WEE is more suitable for detecting the singularity in the signals with complex, strong background noise.
文摘China English is defined as a developing variety of international English spoken in China with some characteristic features at the level of phonology, grammar, lexis and pragmatics. The authors present the analysis of the use of the first-person plural pronoun we by Chinese senior English majors in spoken English as a way of illustrating how the pragmatic features of these students＇ choice of first-person pronoun manifest according to their social positions. Analysis finds that for these speakers we is used in ways that are consistent with wo-men, first person plural pronoun in Chinese, which is often used ambiguously for non-specific reference. Findings indicate that speakers lacking social power will use the pronoun to reproduce a mainstream or generic discourse. The authors conclude by arguing that Chinese university students＇ use of we can simultaneously be seen as an expression of their English language proficiency and as an adherence to Chinese cultural and pragmatic norms.
