Does Environmental Regulation Weaken Industrial Competitiveness?Inspirations from China’s Iron and Steel Sector

China＇s economic growth is heavily influenced by exports, while reconciling environmental regulation and economic growth requires handling the relationship between environmental regulation and industrial competitiveness well. The effects of environmental regulation on industrial competitiveness are largely subject to the institutional design of environmental regulation. Despite numerous studies on the relationship between environmental regulation and industrial competitiveness, a consensus has yet to be reached. Aside from differences in research methodology, these studies failed to give sufficient consideration to the impact of environmental regulation on industrial competitiveness. Such effects can be negative or positive depending on the design of environmental regulatory policy. This paper has investigated the relationship between environmental regulation and the competitiveness of China＇s iron and steel industry and discovered that tighter environmental regulation does not diminish the competitiveness of the iron and steel industry since the policy design of environmental regulation accommodates the tolerance of advanced production capacity and includes a reasonable cost sharing mechanism. This discovery is of important reference for China to develop rational policy design to balance the relationship between environmental regulation and industrial competitiveness.

Effect of pre-deformation on aging creep of Al-Li-S4 alloy and its constitutive modeling

A set of uniaxial tensile creep tests at different pre-deformations, aging temperatures and stress levels were carried out for Al-Li-S4 alloy, and the creep behavior and the effects of pre-deformation on mechanical properties and microstructures were determined under basic thermodynamics conditions of aging forming. The results show that pre-deformation shortens the time of primary creep and raises the second steady-state creep rate. Then, the total creep strain is greater, but in the range of test parameters it is still smaller than that without pre-deformation. In addition, transmission electron microscopy（TEM） observation shows that pre-deformation promotes the formation of T1 phase and θ′ phase and makes them distribute more dispersively, while inhibits the generation of δ′ phase, which leads to the improvement of mechanical properties of the alloy. A unified constitutive model reflecting the effects of aging mechanism, stress levels and different pre-deformations was established. The fitting results agree with the experimental data well.

Text type, language function and translation strategy of film lines

For different texts, different translation strategies should be adopted. This paper makes a case study on lines from Disney animation picture Mulan in the light of functional concept of translation. And it draws a conclusion that in the process of film translation, the translator is allowed to make some adaptations to make the translated version more appropriate in the original context, and that the translator is supposed to have both ＂semantic awareness＂ and ＂functional awareness＂, to achieve the equivalence between the SL text and TL text functionally.

Determination of local constitutive behavior and simulation on tensile test of 2219-T87 aluminum alloy GTAW joints

The local and global mechanical responses of gas tungsten arc welds（GTAW） of a 2219-T87 aluminum alloy were investigated with experiment and numerical simulation.Digital image correlation（DIC） was used to access the local strain fields in transversely loaded welds and to determine the local stress-strain curves of various regions in the joint.The results show that the DIC method is efficient to acquire the local stress-strain curves but the curves of harder regions are incomplete because the stress and strain ranges are limited by the weakest region.With appropriate extrapolation,the complete local stress-strain curves were acquired and proved to be effective to predict the tensile behavior of the welded joint.During the tensile process,the fracture initiates from the weld toes owing to their plastic strain concentrations and then propagates along the fusion line,finally propagates into the partially melted zone（PMZ）.

Extend OWL: toward a clustering integration of collaborative ontologies and agents

In order to solve the problem of how to collaborate with foreign agents and ontologies, a restricted clustering integration approach is proposed. It differs from the traditional approaches in which web ontology language （OWL） is extended by adding some new collaborative interfaces （ i. e., agent-link and ontology-link） to it instead of owl： import. Syntaxes of the interface for foreign ontologies and foreign agents, respectively, and a meta-method of clustering integrated collaboration are discussed. The approach focuses on taking advantage of OWL itself to solve the collaborative problems, and it is feasible to track the contexts of newadded knowledge concerning ontological collaboration.

Impact of material and energy flow variation-based iron /steel ratio on production cost

This paper establishes a model for the production cost of iron and steel enterprise.The variation rule of the production cost versus the iron/steel ratio for two cases, namely,fixed steel production and a fixed amount of molten iron,is analyzed,and the concept of a steel scrap threshold price is proposed.According to the analysis results,when the steel scrap unit price exceeds the steel scrap threshold price, an increase in the iron/steel ratio can reduce the production cost,and vice versa.When the gap between the steel scrap unit price and the steel scrap threshold price is relatively large, the impact of the iron/steel ratio on the production cost is more prominent.According to the calculation example,when steel production is fixed （284 358 t/month）and the steel scrap unit price is 263.2 yuan/t more than the steel scrap threshold price,an increase of 0.01 in the iron/steel ratio causes a monthly production cost reduction of approximately 750 000 yuan （2.63 yuan/t）.When the amount of molten iron is fixed （270 425 t/month）and the steel scrap unit price is 140.7 yuan/t more than the threshold price,an increase of 0.01 in the iron/steel ratio causes a monthly production cost reduction of approximately 430 000 yuan （1.5 yuan/t）.The results indicate that iron and steel enterprise should adjust the production strategy in time when the scrap price fluctuates, and then the production cost will be reduced.

More efficient ontology matching algorithm for integrating heterogeneous web resources

To improve the performance of the ontology matching process, a more efficient ontology matching algorithm, which can effectively eliminate unnecessary operations of matching entities, is proposed. By the theoretical analysis and proof, a set of matching rules are summarized for depicting inherent relations among matching results of entities. Based on these rules, the proposed algorithm can reuse the matching results of two entities to directly determine the matching results of their adjacent entities. Thereby, redundant operations of matching adjacent entities can be avoided, which can improve the performance of the whole matching process. The experimental results show that, compared with related algorithms, the proposed algorithm has high matching accuracy and can remarkably reduce the consuming time of the whole matching process. So, the proposed algorithm is more competent for the large-scale ontology matching which often occurs in the practical heterogeneous web resources integration project.

Research on the Construction of Bacterial Artificial Chromosome Vector DNA and the Potentials in Application

[ Objective] The aim of this study was to provide a method for solving the problems in preparing BAC vector with High-copy plasmid pUC119- Bluelox BAC. [ Method ] With selecting a proper single restriction site, sequences of a single copy BAC vector plasmid were inserted into proper site of High-copy plasmid pUC119 vector. [ Result] The gene sequence of BAC vector lost control function of single copy number in new plasmid pUC119-BAC and was copied through High-copy form. The gene sequence of BAC vector basic function was completely cutted off through single enzyme digestion and the control function of single copy could be recovered by auto-connection. [ Conclusion] The High-copy pUC119-BAC plasmid was used to copy and amplify high copy of basic function gene sequence in BAC vector, besides that it could be used to construct transfer vector of molecular cloned recombinant virus or BAC library.

Research on Stoichiometry of Early-spring Herbs Functional Group in the Subtropical Artificial Wetland

[Objective]The aim was to carry out stoichiometry on the early-spring herbs functional group in subtropical artificial wetland.[Method]UV-Vis spectrophotometer was used for the determination of nitrate-nitrogen,ammonium nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations.Potassium persulfate absorptiometry was used for the measurement of total N content,while the flame photometer was used to detect the potassium and sodium concentration in plants.All the nutrient determination of plant samples were repeated for four times.[Result]The four nutrient concentrations in almost all samples were in the normal range of natural plant nutrition concentrations;in early-spring herbs functional groups,different species showed diversity on the nutrient concentrations;plant height had no significant effect on the nutrient concentrations in plants;the nutrient concentrations of non-grass group plants were higher than that of grass group plants;the nutrient concentrations of the annual herb were higher than that of perennial herbs.[Conclusion]The study had provided basis for the understanding of the effects of changes in nutritional conditions on species diversity,community structure and succession of the system.

Approach for knowledge sharing based on ontology context immigration

In order to better achieve knowledge sharing based on distributed ontologies, an approach based on ontology context immigration （OCI）is proposed. Compared with traditional approaches such as ontology integration and mapping, the proposed approach can reduce the implementation complexity. This approach can be mainly divided into three phases： ontology context determination for a given term, ontology semantic similarity computation between ontology terms, and ontology context immigration. As for a local semantic term based on distributed ontologies, an appropriate ontology context of the term is determined and extracted from a local ontology most associated with the term by using semantic similarity computation. Then, the ontology context is dynamically immigrated to the source ontology for enriching semantic information related to the term. A system called distributed knowledge sharing system（DKSS） is developed to illustrate this approach. The system adopts multi-agent technology for better communication and coordination between different ontology information sources. The experimental results show that it is efficient for distributed ontology knowledge sharing. The proposed approach does not require the support of a global ontology or the maintenance of complex ontology mapping relations, and thus it has better maintainability and scalability.

Doped-Chamber Deposition of Intrinsic Microcrystalline Silicon Thin Films and Its Application in Solar Cells

A series of microcrystalline silicon thin films were fabricated by very high frequency plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition （VHF-PECVD） at different silane concentrations in a P chamber. Through analysis of the structural and electrical properties of these materials,we conclude that the photosensitivity slightly decreased then increased as the silane concentration increased,while the crystalline volume fraction indicates the opposite change. Results of XRD indicate that thin films have a （220） preferable orientation under certain conditions. Microcrystalline silicon solar cells with conversion efficiency 4. 7% and micromorph tandem solar cells 8.5% were fabricated by VHF-PECVD （p layer and i layer of microcrystalline silicon solar cells were deposited in P chamber）, respectively.

Role of activation energies of individual phases in two-phase range on constitutive equation of Zr-2.5Nb-0.5Cu alloy

Dominant phase during hot deformation in the two-phase region of Zr-2.5Nb-0.5Cu （ZNC） alloy was studied using activation energy calculation of individual phases. Thermo-mechanical compression tests were performed on a two-phase ZNC alloy in the temperature range of 700-925 ℃ and strain rate range of 10-2-10 s-l, Flow stress data of the single phase were extrapolated in the two-phase range to calculate flow stress data of individual phases. Activation energies of individual phases were then calculated using calculated flow stress data in the two-phase range, Comparison of activation energies revealed that a phase is the dominant phase （deformation controlling phase） in the two-phase range. Constitutive equations were also developed on the basis of the deformation temperature range （or according to phases present） using a sine-hyperbolic type constitutive equation. The statistical analysis revealed that the constitutive equation developed for a particular phase showed good agreement with the experimental results in terms of correlation coefficient （R） and average absolute relative error （AARE）.

Twinnability of Al-Mg alloys:A first-principles interpretation

Al-Mg alloys are considered to have potentials to form twins during deformation because Mg can reduce the intrinsicstacking fault energy?ISFE of Al.Nevertheless,twinning has rarely been found in Al-Mg alloys even subjected to various severeplastic deformation(SPD)techniques.In order to probe the twinning propensity of Al-Mg alloys,first-principles calculations werecarried out to investigate the effects of Mg and vacancies on the generalized planar fault energy(GPFE)of Al.It is found that bothMg and vacancies exhibit a Suzuki segregation feature to the stacking fault,and have the influence of decreasing the?ISFE of Al.However,?ISFE does not decrease and the twinnability parameterτa of Al does not increase monotonically with increasing Mgconcentration in the alloy.On the basis ofτa evaluated from the calculated GPFE of Al-Mg alloys,we conclude that deformationtwinning is difficult for Al-Mg alloys even with a high content of Mg.Besides,the decrease of?ISFE caused by the introduction ofMg and vacancies is supposed to have the effect of improving the work-hardening rate and facilitating the formation of bandstructures in Al-Mg alloys subjected to SPD.

Compression behavior and constitutive model establishment of fly ash cenosphere/polyurethane aluminum alloy syntactic foam

The aluminum matrix syntactic foam was fabricated by pressure infiltration technique,and the filling material is syntactic foam material with fly ash cenosphere as the main component and polyurethane foam as the binder.Split Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB)dynamic compression and quasi-static tests were carried out to examine the compressive response of syntactic foam in this study.Then the dynamic constitutive model was established.Results show that the compressive stress-strain curve of syntactic aluminum foam is similar to that of other metallic foam materials:both kinds of aluminum matrix syntactic foams have strain rate effect,and the syntactic foam has higher compressive strength and energy absorption than the same density aluminum foams.However,due to the different sizes of cenospheres,the dynamic compression results of two kinds of syntactic foams are different,and the energy absorption effect of syntactic foam with small size under dynamic impact is the best.In the range of strain rate and density studied experimentally,the curves of constitutive model fit well with the curves of experimental data.

Cooperative Differential Game for Model Energy-Bandwidth Efficiency Tradeoff in the Internet of Things

Internet of Things （IoT） refers to an infrastructure which enables the forms of com- munication and collaboration between people and things, and between things themselves. In order to improve its performance, we present a tradeoff between bandwidth and energy con- sumption in the loT in this paper. A service providing model is built to find the relation- ship between bandwidth and energy consump- tion using a cooperative differential game mo- del. The game solution is gotten in the condi- tion of grand coalition, feedback Nash equili- brium and intermediate coalitions and an allo- cation policy is obtain by Shapley theory. The results are shown as follows. Firstly, the per- formance of IoT decreases with the increasing of bandwidth cost or with the decreasing of en- ergy cost; secondly, all the nodes in the IoT com- posing a grand coalition can save bandwidth and energy consumption; thirdly, when the fac- tors of bandwidth cost and energy cost are eq- ual, the obtained number of provided services is an optimised value which is the trade-off between energy and bandwidth consumption.

Theoretical analysis of thermoviscoelastic contact between friction lining and wire rope in mine friction hoists

Serious accidents of mine hoists caused by high-speed sliding between friction lining and wire rope are often seen in coal mines.In order to solve this problem,we analyzed the contact characteristics between friction lining and wire rope.Then we carried out a dynamic mechanical analysis(DMA) to explain the change in mechanical properties of the friction lining as function of temperature and load frequency and found that temperature has a stronger effect on the mechanical properties than the frequency.We used multiple regression analysis to obtain the thermoviscoelastic constitutive relations of the friction lining.As well we derived the analytic solution for the thermoviscoelastic contact radius and pressure by combining the theory of viscoelastic contact mechanics with thermoviscoelastic constitutive relations.

Six—Parameter Exponential—Type Potential and the Identity for the Exponential—Type Potentials

We propose a six-parameter exponential-type potential (SPEP), which has been shown to be a shape-invariant potential with a translation of parameters. For this reducible potential, the exact energy levels are obtained byusing the supersymmetric shape invariance technique. Choosing appropriate parameters, four classes of exponential-typepotentials and their exact energy spectra are reduced from the SPEP and a general energy level formula, respectively.Each class shows the identity except for the different definitions of parameters.

Effects of Acute Normovolemic Hemodilution on Perioperative Coagulation and Fibrinolysis in Elderly Patients Undergoing Hepatic Carcinectomy

Objective To observe the effects of acute normovolemic hemodilution （ANH） on coagulation function and fibrinolysis in elderly patients undergoing hepatic carcinectomy. Methods Thirty elderly patients （aged 60-70 years） with liver cancer （American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I-II） scheduled for hepatic carcinectomy from February 2007 to February 2008 were randomly divided into ANH group （n= 15） and control group （n= 15）. After tracheal intubation, patients in ANH group and control group were infused with 6% hydroxyethyl starch （HES） （130/0.4）, and basic liquid containing 6% HES and routine Ringer＇s solution, respectively. In all the studied patients, blood samples were drawn at five different time points： before anesthesia induction （T1）, 30 minutes after ANH （T2）, 1 hour after start of operation （T3）, immediately after operation （T4）, and 24 hours after operation （Ts）. Then co- agulation function, soluble fibrin monomer complex （SFMC）, prothrombin fragment （F1＋2）, and platelet membrane glycoprotein （activated GPIIb/GPIIIa and P-selectin） were measured. Results The perioperative blood loss was not significantly different between the two groups （P〉 0.05）. The volume of allogeneic blood transfusion in ANH group was significantly smaller than that in control group （350.5±70.7 mL vs. 457.8±181.3 mL, P〈0.01）. Compared with the data ofT1, prothrombin time （PT） and activated partial thromboplastin time in both groups prolonged significantly after T3 （P〈0.05）, but still within normal range. There were no significant changes in thrombin time and D-dimer between the two groups and between different time points in each group （all P〉0.05）. SFMC and F1 ＋2 increased in both groups, but without statistical significance. P-selectin expression on the platelet surface of ANH group was significantly lowered atT2 andT3 compared with the level atT1 （P〈 0.05）. Compared with control group, P-selectin was sig-nificantly lower in ANH group atT2-T3 （all P〈0.05）. Conclusions In elderly patients undergoing resection of liver cancer, ANH may not hamper fibri- nolvsis and coagulation function. It coukt therefore be safe to largely reduce allogeneic blood transfusion.

Research on Text Mining of Syndrome Element Syndrome Differentiation by Natural Language Processing

Objective Natural language processing (NLP) was used to excavate and visualize the core content of syndrome element syndrome differentiation (SESD). Methods The first step was to build a text mining and analysis environment based on Python language, and built a corpus based on the core chapters of SESD. The second step was to digitalize the corpus. The main steps included word segmentation, information cleaning and merging, document-entry matrix, dictionary compilation and information conversion. The third step was to mine and display the internal information of SESD corpus by means of word cloud, keyword extraction and visualization. Results NLP played a positive role in computer recognition and comprehension of SESD. Different chapters had different keywords and weights. Deficiency syndrome elements were an important component of SESD, such as "Qi deficiency""Yang deficiency" and "Yin deficiency". The important syndrome elements of substantiality included "Blood stasis""Qi stagnation", etc. Core syndrome elements were closely related. Conclusions Syndrome differentiation and treatment was the core of SESD. Using NLP to excavate syndromes differentiation could help reveal the internal relationship between syndromes differentiation and provide basis for artificial intelligence to learn syndromes differentiation.

Performance analysis of IEEE 802.11 DCF networks

This paper presents an analytical saturation throughput model of IEEE 802.11 DCF (distributed coordination function) with basic access in ad hoc mode. The model takes into account freezing of the backoff timer when a station senses busy channel. It is shown that taking into account this feature of DCF is important in modeling saturation throughput by yielding more accurate and realistic results than models known from literature. The proposed analytical model also takes into account the effect of transmission errors. All essential features of the proposed analytical approach are illustrated with numerical results. The presen-tation of the model is proceeded by an overview of approaches to IEEE 802.11 network performance evaluation presented in the literature.