思维导图策略在高中生物学“能量供应”教学中的应用

本文选取高中生物必修1第5章＂细胞的能量供应与利用＂较具有代表性的部分内容,根据课程内容和性质不同,从核心概念、宏观视角及发展变化三个角度,设计直观教学导图,以提高学生对理论课程的理解与认知水平。

RELOCATION ALGORITHM FOR NON-UNIFORM DISTRIBUTION IN MOBILE SENSOR NETWORK

Energy is the determinant factor for the survival of Mobile Sensor Networks(MSN).Based on the analysis of the energy distribution in this paper,a two-phase relocation algorithm is proposed based on the balance between the energy provision and energy consumption distribution.Our main objectives are to maximize the coverage percentage and to minimize the total distance of node movements.This algorithm is designed to meet the requirement of non-uniform distribution network applications,to extend the lifetime of MSN and to simplify the design of the routing protocol.In ad-dition,test results show the feasibility of our proposed relocation algorithm.

Design and performance of an EMI filter to reduce conducted EMI in an isolated full bridge buck converter power supply

EMI Filter Design and Performance for isolated full bridge buck converter is developed in this paper. In order to design a high performance EMI filter, many issues need to be considered beforehand. Some important issues including accurate model of converter components, parasitic elements, its effect on EMI noise and impedance mismatch are included in this paper. A numerical prediction of EMI/EMC has the potential to evaluate EMI performances at the design stage and before prototyping. It can also help reduce the post-prototype EMC cost by minimizing late redesign and modifications of a design implementation. Saber simulator is used to analyze the EMI noises and EMI filter’s performance. Conducted EMI noise measurement and EMI filter design of isolated full bridge buck converter has been achieved while successfully satisfying the FCC class B limits in the frequency range from 150 kHz to 30 MHz. Simulation results are compared with experimental data and the effectiveness of the EMI simulation approach is demonstrated.

Exogeneous energy supply and excitability of cells in embryonic atypical epidermis of Cynops cultured in vitro

Cells of in vitro cultured epidermis explants of ectoderm isolated at early gastrula stage,showed only weak excitability or even non-excitable at 6V when examined electrophysiologically.If non-excitable explants were treated with 100 mM glucose,the action potential (AP) appeared and within 1 hr reached its maximum.At the same time,their stimulus threshold became lowered gradually.And,if the glucose was washed out,AP gradually disappeared.If explants were treated with glucose of different concentrations,the percentage of explants which displayed AP increased with the increase of glucose concentration.When explants with approximately the same original stimulus threshold were treated with glucose of different concentrations,the stimulus threshold became lowered more in the more concentrated solution.If explants with different original stimulus thresholds were treated with glucose of the same concentration,the lowering of stimulus threshold was more obvious in those with higher original stimulus threshold.Other energy supplying substances used showed similar effect.

Effect of Market Power in Electricity Markets

The main objective of this paper is to show an overview analysis of market power issues.Market power reflects the scarcity of power supply.It is the ability of a particular seller or group of sellers to maintain prices profitably above competitive levels for a significant period of time.Because the electric power system has its own characteristics that are different to other economic systems,both physical factors and economic factors of power system are key elements on this definition.We study some cases here,including different line limit levels,load levels and bid strategy through a market model based on OPF (optimal power flow) with a decommitment algorithm.

Energy Flexibility in the Power System： Challenges and Opportunites in Philippines

Energy flexibility can address the challenges of large scale integration of renewable energy resources and thereby increasing imbalance in the power system. Flexible power system can provide reliable supply, low electricity cost and sustainability. Various situations and factors influence the adoption of the flexibility solutions, such as flexible electricity generation, demand-response, and electricity storage. This paper tries to analyze the current energy flexibility solutions and the factors that can influence the energy flexibility adoption. This paper takes Philippines as case study to provide an overview of the current condition of the Philippines＇ power system and discuss the energy flexibility in the Philippines＇ power system. A further discussion and recommendation is conducted in the end of the paper.

Recent Development in Data Processing and Control Research on the HL-2A ＆ HL-2M Tokamak

In 2006, except the basic improvement on HL-2A tokamak control system, data acquisition and processing system, a series of research activities have been developed in computer and control division. They include the construction of the high performance computer （HPC） system, the plasma configuration real-time reconstruction with EFIT code, the immigration of plasma simulation codes, the improvement of the poloidal field control system with circulating current, the design of the new data acquiring device with higher anti-disturbing power, the new software on soft X-ray spectrum measurement providing the multi-channel Te evolution, the upgrade to the HL-2A data storage system and experimental net. On the other hand, according to the arrangement of HL-2A modification project, a series of designs such as new plasma configuration, poloidal field coils distribution and plasma shape and position control system are on the processing.

Power Supply and Programmable Controller for Multishot Pellet Injector

MPI（multishot pellet injector） was imported from Russia about ten years ago. During the year＇s operation in HL-1M, most electrical equipments were repaired. Since the components are non-standard, so it is difficult to maintain. To fueling experiment meet the requirement of in HL-2A. The power supplies of fast valve and a programmable controller for shooting pellets were developed.

Overview of Past, Present and Future Marine Power Plants

In efforts to overcome an foreseeable energy crisis predicated on limited oil and gas supplies, reserves; economic variations facing the world, and of course the environmental side effects of fossil fuels, an urgent need for energy sources that provide sustainable, safe and economic supplies for the world is imperative. The current fossil fuel energy system must be improved to ensure a better and cleaner transportation future for the world. Despite the fact that the marine transportation sector consumes only 5% of global petroleum production; it is responsible for 15% of the world NOx and SOx emissions. These figures must be the engine that powers the scientific research worldwide to develop new solutions for a very old energy problem. In this paper, the most effective types of marine power plants were discussed. The history of the development of each type was presented first and the technical aspects were discussed second. Also, the fuel ceils as a new type of power plants used in marine sector were briefed to give a complete overview of the past, present and future of the marine power plants development. Based on the increased worldwide concerns regarding harmful emissions, many researchers have introduced solutions to this problem, including the adoption of new cleaner fuels. This paper was guided using the same trend and by implementing the hydrogen as fuel for marine internal combustion engine, gas turbines, and fuel cells.

Strategic deliberation on development of low-carbon energy system in China

In recent years, there have been considerable developments in energy provision with the growing improvements in energy supply security and support systems in China. However, China's energy system continues to retain a high-carbon feature where coal dominates energy production and consumption, which has led to the rapid growth of greenhouse gas emissions and associated serious environmental pollution. It has therefore become an important task for China to consider how to promote the low-carbon development of energy system. This paper summarized the basic trends and challenges for development of low-carbon energy system in China and studied the primary energy consumption and carbon emissions in different scenarios at 10-year intervals between 2010 and 2050. The analysis showed that controlling coal consumption will have an important influence on the control of total carbon emissions and of carbon emission peaking; promotion of non-fossil fuel energies will offer a growing contribution to a low-carbon transition in the medium and long term; the development of carbon capture, utilization, and storage will play a key role in realizing a deep decarbonization pathway, particularly after 2030; and the establishment of a low-carbon power system is crucial for the achievement of low-carbon energy transition. Finally, the strategic considerations and policy suggestions on the development of low-carbon energy systems in China are explored.

Development and Commercialization of New Autonomous Low Power Systems for Energy Harvesting

This paper evaluates new technologies for energy harvesting from the environment. We assess the reliability, accuracy, and autonomy of low power electronic devices, their market opportunities, and their ability to enhance sustainable development. For small, portable applications that need long lifetime energy supply systems, size, width, finite energy lifetime, and the need for replacement are important drawbacks. New supply alternatives should be explored that are able to make recharging easier or to remove battery dependence altogether. A new trend in the energy sources for low power applications has emerged in recent years, involving the harvesting of the energy available in the environment to supply power for electronic applications instead of using battery technologies that provide only short, finite amounts of energy. In this paper, we describe an all-purpose module of energy harvesting from mechanical, thermal, solar and RF energy sources developed at the University of Barcelona. We provide proof of concept in order to incorporate this novel energy technology in a wide range of applications and environments.

Thermodynamics of the Apparent Horizon in FRW Universe with Massive Gravity

Applying Clausius relation with energy-supply defined by the unified first law of thermodynamics formalism to the apparent horizon of a massive gravity model in cosmology proposed lately, the corrected entropic formula of the apparent horizon is obtaJned with the help of the modified Friedmann equations. This entropy-area relation, together with the identified Misner-Sharp internal energy, verifies the first law of thermodynamics for the apparent horizon with a volume change term for consistency. On the other hand, by means of the corrected entropy-area formula and the Clausius relation δQ = T dS, where the heat flow δQ is the energy-supply of pure matter projecting on the vector ξ tangent to the apparent horizon and should be looked on as the amount of energy crossing the apparent horizon during the time interval dt and the temperature of the apparent horizon for energy crossing during the same interval is 1/（2πτA）, the modified Friedmann equations governing the dynamical evolution of the universe are reproduced with the known energy density and pressure of massive graviton. The integration constant is found to correspond to a cosmological term which could be absorbed into the energy density of matter. Having established the correspondence of massive cosmology with the unified first law of thermodynamics on the apparent horizon, the validity of the generalized second law of thermodynamics is also discussed by assuming the thermal equilibrium between the apparent horizon and the matter field bounded by the apparent horizon. It is found that, in the limit Hc → 0, which recovers the Minkowski reference metric solution in the fiat case, the generalized second law of thermodynamics holds if α3 ＋ 4α4 〈 0. Without this condition, even for the simplest model of dRGT massive cosmology with α3= α4 = 0, the generalized second law of thermodynamics could be violated.

Research and development of micro electret power generators

As the size of the electronic system continuously reduces, characteristics of small volume, light weight, high energy it is very important to develop micro power generator, which has density and continuous energy supplying. Vibration energy exists widely in daily environment. Micro vibration power generator can harvest and exchange the vibration energy to the electrical energy. Micro electret power generator is one kind of the power generators for harvesting vibration energy and has been paid much attention by researchers. This paper describes the development and status of micro electret power generators, including electret materials and charging methods, vibration energy harvesting structures and conversion efficiency improvement.